Beta-Elemene

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    515-13-9

    Molecular formula
    C15H24

    SMILES
    CC(=C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@]([C@@H](C1)C(=C)C)(C)C=C

    Retention indicies (RI)

    • DB5: 1390.57
    • Carbowax: 1587.14

  • Odor profile

    Woody 77.03%
    Herbal 72.65%
    Sweet 72.58%
    Citrus 64.56%
    Terpenic 61.87%
    Green 56.13%
    Fresh 53.46%
    Pine 49.67%
    Spicy 49.39%
    Mint 41.64%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    6.1

    pKa est.
    8.97 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    204.35 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Moderately slow

    Boiling point est.
    243°C

    Flash point est.
    96.61 ˚C

  • Synonyms

    • BETA-ELEMENE
    • 515-13-9
    • (-)-beta-Elemene
    • beta-Elemen
    • Levo-beta-elemene
    • (1S,2S,4R)-1-methyl-2,4-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1-vinylcyclohexane
    • Elemene
    • 2,4-Diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinylcyclohexane
    • beta-Elemene, (-)-
    • CHEBI:62855
    • UNII-2QG8CX6LXD
    • 2QG8CX6LXD
    • (1S,2S,4R)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane
    • 33880-83-0
    • (-)-b-Elemene
    • (1S,2S,4R)-2,4-diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinylcyclohexane
    • (1S,2S,4R)-(-)-1-methyl-1-vinyl-2,4-diisopropenylcyclohexane
    • ELEMENE, (-)-BETA-
    • Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, (1S,2S,4R)-
    • (+/-)-beta-Elemene
    • (1S,2S,4R)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane
    • Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, (1S-(1-alpha,2-beta,4-beta))-
    • (-)-b-Elemene; levo-b-Elemene
    • .beta.-Elemene
    • 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexane
    • Cyclohexane, 2,4-diisopropenyl-1-methyl-1-vinyl-, (1S,2S,4R)-
    • EINECS 251-713-0
    • (-)-.beta.-Elemene
    • b-elemene
    • b-Elemen
    • Levo-b-elemene
    • (-)-bete-elemene
    • E- .beta.-Elemene
    • 1,3,11-Elematriene
    • |A-Elemene (Standard)
    • Beta elemene [WHO-DD]
    • Epitope ID:153551
    • Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-
    • Elemene - mixture of isomers
    • (-)-?-ELEMENE
    • (1S,2S,4R)-beta-elemene
    • CHEMBL448502
    • CHEBI:62854
    • DTXSID40865690
    • DTXSID60881211
    • SDP-111
    • Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, (1alpha,2beta,4beta)-
    • OPFTUNCRGUEPRZ-QLFBSQMISA-N
    • ELEMENE, (-)-.BETA.-
    • s6957
    • AKOS028108977
    • (-)-beta-Elemene, analytical standard
    • FE65904
    • HY-107324R
    • AS-82909
    • DA-61622
    • FE168536
    • HY-107324
    • CS-0028143
    • NS00096333
    • C17094
    • E79113
    • EN300-1709739
    • BRD-K21045639-001-01-2
    • Q27132237
    • rel-(1S,2S,4R)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane
    • rel-(1S,2S,4R)-1-methyl-2,4-di(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1-vinylcyclohexane
    • (1alpha,2beta,4beta)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexane
    • 251-713-0

  • Applications

    Beta‑Elemene (CAS 515-13-9) is a natural sesquiterpene primarily obtained from the essential oil of Curcuma wenyujin and other aromatic plants, best known for its use as an adjuvant anti‑tumor agent in China (e.g., injectable emulsions, capsules, oral solutions) due to its ability to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, suppress angiogenesis, modulate EMT, and reverse multidrug resistance, thereby sensitizing tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; preclinical and clinical experience indicate that β‑elemene can be co‑administered for gliomas because it can cross the blood‑brain barrier, and for non‑small cell lung, liver, breast, and ovarian cancers to help improve response and quality of life with a generally favorable safety profile; beyond therapy, β‑elemene serves as an analytical reference standard for GC‑MS/HPLC in quality control of essential oils and herbal preparations, as a scaffold/starting point for designing anti‑cancer, anti‑inflammatory, and antimicrobial derivatives, and as a natural aroma constituent via essential oils in perfumery and flavor applications, while advanced delivery platforms such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, microemulsions, transdermal systems, and targeted carriers are being used to enhance its solubility, bioavailability, and brain distribution.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 333.63
    methanol 146.4
    isopropanol 344.84
    water 0.05
    ethyl acetate 583.53
    n-propanol 348.27
    acetone 372.35
    n-butanol 461.3
    acetonitrile 210.57
    DMF 274.72
    toluene 776.72
    isobutanol 268.85
    1,4-dioxane 1109.49
    methyl acetate 329.23
    THF 2156.77
    2-butanone 519.84
    n-pentanol 241.99
    sec-butanol 319.49
    n-hexane 249.88
    ethylene glycol 8.75
    NMP 273.57
    cyclohexane 474.42
    DMSO 158.06
    n-butyl acetate 1058.28
    n-octanol 251.68
    chloroform 821.53
    n-propyl acetate 313.78
    acetic acid 83.27
    dichloromethane 691.87
    cyclohexanone 729.83
    propylene glycol 30.63
    isopropyl acetate 498.56
    DMAc 283.78
    2-ethoxyethanol 163.32
    isopentanol 416.79
    n-heptane 402.41
    ethyl formate 181.41
    1,2-dichloroethane 464.35
    n-hexanol 749.41
    2-methoxyethanol 266.59
    isobutyl acetate 286.8
    tetrachloromethane 210.19
    n-pentyl acetate 368.65
    transcutol 1107.74
    n-heptanol 260.61
    ethylbenzene 291.09
    MIBK 417.49
    2-propoxyethanol 555.38
    tert-butanol 509.96
    MTBE 1005.42
    2-butoxyethanol 283.57
    propionic acid 102.07
    o-xylene 332.46
    formic acid 11.27
    diethyl ether 1129.56
    m-xylene 485.93
    p-xylene 343.51
    chlorobenzene 436.67
    dimethyl carbonate 93.87
    n-octane 92.23
    formamide 24.48
    cyclopentanone 695.85
    2-pentanone 594.53
    anisole 397.92
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 938.21
    gamma-butyrolactone 478.55
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 311.49
    pyridine 714.78
    3-pentanone 414.0
    furfural 299.35
    n-dodecane 47.21
    diethylene glycol 131.54
    diisopropyl ether 441.21
    tert-amyl alcohol 395.1
    acetylacetone 389.43
    n-hexadecane 56.26
    acetophenone 263.31
    methyl propionate 316.49
    isopentyl acetate 852.53
    trichloroethylene 634.64
    n-nonanol 234.81
    cyclohexanol 423.14
    benzyl alcohol 172.96
    2-ethylhexanol 572.39
    isooctanol 225.53
    dipropyl ether 1210.38
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 314.51
    ethyl lactate 75.21
    propylene carbonate 307.75
    n-methylformamide 83.69
    2-pentanol 359.07
    n-pentane 274.75
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 573.34
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 640.86
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 319.6
    mesitylene 306.79
    ε-caprolactone 528.79
    p-cymene 307.24
    epichlorohydrin 654.39
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 541.13
    2-aminoethanol 41.89
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 377.36
    sulfolane 326.48
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 108.79
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 1440.56
    n-hexyl acetate 497.57
    isooctane 117.98
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 423.28
    sec-butyl acetate 303.95
    tert-butyl acetate 564.22
    decalin 144.57
    glycerin 35.12
    diglyme 730.87
    acrylic acid 50.79
    isopropyl myristate 245.23
    n-butyric acid 320.33
    acetyl acetate 251.34
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 175.08
    ethyl propionate 288.44
    nitromethane 126.48
    1,2-diethoxyethane 904.56
    benzonitrile 276.67
    trioctyl phosphate 136.41
    1-bromopropane 659.5
    gamma-valerolactone 628.95
    n-decanol 176.08
    triethyl phosphate 174.11
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 267.51
    propionitrile 311.58
    vinylene carbonate 228.42
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 168.02
    DMS 224.59
    cumene 196.53
    2-octanol 179.17
    2-hexanone 379.5
    octyl acetate 273.29
    limonene 499.07
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 594.24
    ethyl orthosilicate 204.55
    tributyl phosphate 158.86
    diacetone alcohol 350.76
    N,N-dimethylaniline 263.29
    acrylonitrile 190.47
    aniline 390.2
    1,3-propanediol 119.35
    bromobenzene 535.87
    dibromomethane 589.55
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 513.13
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 420.82
    tetrabutyl urea 200.23
    diisobutyl methanol 320.19
    2-phenylethanol 362.07
    styrene 315.66
    dioctyl adipate 258.92
    dimethyl sulfate 90.17
    ethyl butyrate 614.02
    methyl lactate 74.88
    butyl lactate 170.06
    diethyl carbonate 282.46
    propanediol butyl ether 177.81
    triethyl orthoformate 395.72
    p-tert-butyltoluene 325.17
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 314.37
    morpholine 1182.49
    tert-butylamine 503.85
    n-dodecanol 139.53
    dimethoxymethane 434.47
    ethylene carbonate 228.55
    cyrene 181.61
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 408.55
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 739.26
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 328.78
    4-methylpyridine 764.19
    dibutyl ether 574.83
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 320.19
    DEF 433.67
    dimethyl isosorbide 594.44
    tetrachloroethylene 313.97
    eugenol 222.21
    triacetin 274.81
    span 80 300.33
    1,4-butanediol 30.42
    1,1-dichloroethane 531.33
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 255.81
    methyl formate 61.89
    2-methyl-1-butanol 334.6
    n-decane 96.8
    butyronitrile 502.08
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 294.1
    1-chlorooctane 268.8
    1-chlorotetradecane 103.63
    n-nonane 101.8
    undecane 64.17
    tert-butylcyclohexane 138.01
    cyclooctane 192.21
    cyclopentanol 312.51
    tetrahydropyran 1745.43
    tert-amyl methyl ether 599.06
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 471.82
    1-hexene 551.19
    2-isopropoxyethanol 168.82
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 21.81
    methyl butyrate 327.53

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Ageratum conyzoides (Vietnam) 85480-32-6 Ageratum conyzoides L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 1.0%
Amomum pavieanum rhizome Amomum pavieanum Pierre & Gagnep, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.01%
Amyris 1 8015-65-4 Amyris balsamifera L., fam. Rutaceae 0.1%
Armoise flower 8008-93-3 Artemisia vulgaris L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.12%
Atractylis Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (A. ovata Thunb.; A. chinensis (Bunge)DC) 18.0%
Lemon balm (Spain) 8014-71-9 Melissa officinalis L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Lemon balm 1 8014-71-9 Melissa officinalis L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Lemon balm 2 8014-71-9 Melissa officinalis L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.4%
Lemon balm 3 8014-71-9 Melissa officinalis L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.55%
Basil (Fiji) 2 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Basil (Finland) 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.2%
Basil (Fiji) 1 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Basil 2 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.09%
Basil (Comoro Islands) 2 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.26%
Blackcurrant bud, absolute 68606-81-5 Ribes nigrum L., fam. Grossulariaceae 0.84%
Blackcurrant bud 1 68606-81-5 Ribes nigrum L., fam. Grossulariaceae 0.4%
Ginger (Malaysia) 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.24%
Caraway herb 8000-42-8 Carum carvi L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 3.0%
Caraway root 8000-42-8 Carum carvi L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.05%
Carrot seed (France) 1 8015-88-1 Daucus carota L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.01%
Cedrela odorata Cedrela odorata L., fam. Meliaceae 0.1%
Celery seed (Pakistan) 8015-90-5 Apium graveolens L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 2.5%
Celery flower 8015-90-5 Apium graveolens L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.75%
Celery seed 1 8015-90-5 Apium graveolens L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.25%
Celery leaf 8015-90-5 Apium graveolens L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.7%
Celery root 8015-90-5 Apium graveolens L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.7%
Celery stem 8015-90-5 Apium graveolens L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.8%
Citronella java (China) 8000-29-1 Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt., fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 2.8%
Citronella java (Argentina) 2 8000-29-1 Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt., fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 3.17%
Citronella java (S. America) 8000-29-1 Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt., fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 1.89%
Citronella java 3 8000-29-1 Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt., fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 1.96%
Citronella ceylon 5 8000-29-1 Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 1.1%
Clementine (Italy) 1 Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan., (C. deliciosa Ten. var. Clementina) 0.01%
Clinopodium vulgare (Belgium) Clinopodium vulgare L. (Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch), fam. Lamiaceae 0.6%
Ginger (Australia) 1 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.41%
Copaiba balsam 1 8001-61-4 Copaifera reticulata Ducke, fam. Legumiosae (Papilionaceae) 1.45%
Coronilla emerus headspace Coronilla emerus L., fam. Leguminosae 6.0%
Cubeb 1 8007-87-2 Piper cubeba L., fam. Piperaceae 1.2%
Cymbopogon jwarancusa (India) Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult., fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 0.4%
Ducrosia anethifolia (Pakistan) Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.19%
Ginger (India) 3 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.52%
Grapefruit (Israel) 2 8016-20-4 Citrus paradisi Macfayden, fam. Rutaceae 0.08%
Eugenia javanica Eugenia javanica Lamk., fam. Myrtaceae 0.1%
Eupatorium maximilianii Eupatorium maximilianii (Erva de Sao Joao), fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 6.03%
Fern, sweet 1 Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coulter, fam. Pteridophytae 1.39%
Ginger (Nigeria) 2 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.14%
Ginger (Nigeria) 1 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.24%
Ginger (Sri Lanka) 1 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.2%
Ginger (Sri Lanka) 2 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.4%
Ginger (Sri Lanka) 3 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.5%
Satureja wiedemanniana Satureja wiedemanniana (Lallem.) Velen, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.8%
Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Vietnam) 1a Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Nees, fam. Lauraceae 0.3%
Peucedanum zenkeri (Cameroon) 1a Peucedanum zenkeri Engl., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 1.7%
Peucedanum zenkeri (Cameroon) 1b Peucedanum zenkeri Engl., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.4%
Hyptis mutabilis Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.22%
Triphasia trifolia Mauritius Triphasia trifolia (Burm. f.), fam. Rutaceae 1.0%
Phoebe 1 Phoebe porosa Mez. (syn. Oreodaphne porosa Nees et Mart.), fam. Lauraceae 0.4%
Phoebe 2 Phoebe porsa Mez. (syn. Oreodaphne prosa Nees & Mart.), fam. Lauraceae 0.62%
Basil (Turkey) 2a 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 8.16%
Basil (Turkey) 2b 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 3.59%
Calamus (Mongolia) root 8015-79-0 Acorus calamus L., fam. Araceae 0.5%
Psidium friedrichsthalianum leaf Psidium friedrichsthalianum (Berg) Niedenzu, fam. Myrtaceae 12.86%
Geum montanum root Geum montanum L., fam. Rosaceae 0.09%
Polygonum odoratum Polygonum odoratum L., fam. Polygonaceae 1.4%
Ravensara aromatica (Madagascar) Ravensara aromatica Sonn., fam Lauraceae 0.18%
Camphor (Cote d'Ivoire), 1a leaf 8008-51-3 Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees et Ebermaier, fam. Lauraceae 0.35%
Camphor (Cote d'Ivoire), 1b stem 8008-51-3 Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees et Ebermaier, fam. Lauraceae 0.1%
Lycopersicon hirsutum leaf Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. et Bonpl., fam Solanaceae 0.54%
Illicium griffithii fruit Illicium griffithii Hook. f. et Thoms., fam. Magnoliaceae (Illiciaceae) 0.9%
Ocimum gratissimum (Cuba) 1a Ocimum gratissimum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.24%
Ocimum gratissimum (Cuba) 1b Ocimum gratissimum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.55%
Bay, West Indian 3 8015-73-4 Pimenta racemosa var. racemosa (P. Miller) J.W. Moore, fam. Myrtaceae 0.1%
Myrica cerifera leaf (Cuba) Myrica cerifera L., fam. Myricaceae 1.3%
Origanum bilgeri (Turkey) Origanum bilgeri P.H. Davis, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.65%
Canella winterana (Cuba) 1 Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn., fam. Canellaceae 0.32%
Protium heptaphyllum 1a leaf Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March., fam. Burseraceae 22.09%
Protium heptaphyllum 1b stem Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March., fam. Burseraceae 9.0%
Canella winterana (French West Indies) leaf Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn., fam. Canellaceae 0.4%
Canella winterana (French West Indies) stem bark Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn., fam. Canellaceae 0.2%
Vassoura (Brazil) 3 Baccharis dracunculifolia DC., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 1.6%
Coreopsis barteri leaf (Cameroon) Coreopsis barteri Oliv. & Hiern, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.4%
Coreopsis grandiflora leaf (Cameroon) Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.7%
Heterotheca inuloides leaf (Mexico) Heterotheca inuloides Cass., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 4.57%
Naoshichi (Japan) Citrus taguma-sudachi Hort. ex Tanaka, fam. Rutaceae 0.02%
Lime (Persian) (Japan) Citrus latifolia Tanaka, fam. Rutaceae 0.1%
Rhubarb root Rheum palmatum L., fam. Polygonaceae 0.01%
Teucrium heterophyllum (Madeira) Teucrium heterophyllum L'Her. (T. canariensis), fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.15%
Minthostachys spicata Minthostachys spicata (Benth.) Epl., fam Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.2%
Alpinia speciosa stem (Egypt) Alpinia speciosa (J.C. Wendl.) K.Schum., fam. Zingiberaceae 0.5%
Salvia syriaca (Turkey) Salvia syriaca L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatea) 0.22%
Oregano, greek (India) 84012-24-8 Origanum vulgare L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.11%
Mentha longifolia (Lithuania) 90063-99-3 Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.17%
Bitter orange leaf (Petitgrain) (Italy) 1 8014-17-3 Citrus aurantium L., ssp. amara Engl., fam. Rutaceae 0.01%
Mandarin leaf (Petitgrain mandarin.) (Italy) Citrus reticulata Blanco (C. deliciosa Tenore), fam. Rutaceae 0.01%
Lemon leaf (petitgrain) (Italy) 4 84929-31-7 Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., fam. Rutaceae 0.02%
Orange leaf, sweet (Italy) 1 Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, fam. Rutaceae 1.9%
Orange leaf, sweet (Italy) 2a Valencia Late Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, cultivar Valencia late, fam. Rutaceae 0.49%
Orange leaf, sweet (Italy) 2b Biondo Comune Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, cultivar Biondo Comune, fam. Rutaceae 1.07%
Orange leaf, sweet (Italy) 2c Moro Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, cultivar Moro, fam. Rutaceae 0.36%
Chamomile, german (Italy) 2 8002-66-2 Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.(Matricaria chamomilla L.), fam.Asteraceae 0.01%
Turmeric (China) 2 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L. (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 0.05%
Turmeric 3 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L. (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 0.25%
Ocimum gratissimum (Tahiti) Ocimum gratissimum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.22%
Tarragon (Poland) 1 8016-88-4 Artemisia dracunculus L. (Russian type), fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 1.25%
Palmarosa (India) 8 8014-19-5 Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Wats, var. motia Burk., fam. Poaceae 0.1%
Palmarosa (India) 10a Spikelet 8014-19-5 Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Wats, var. motia, fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 0.05%
Eucalyptus globulus (Spain) 2b young leaves 8016-26-0 Eucalyptus globulus Labill., fam. Myrtaceae 0.01%
Grapefruit (Japan) 2 8016-20-4 Citrus paradisi Macfayden, fam. Rutaceae 0.03%
Hyptis crenata (Brazil) Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Chamomile, german (India) 2b leaf 8002-66-2 Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.(Matricaria chamomilla L.), fam.Asteraceae 0.3%
Chamomile, german (India) 2d root 8002-66-2 Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.(Matricaria chamomilla L.), fam.Asteraceae 5.1%
Citrus meyeri Citrus meyeri Y. Tan., fam. Rutaceae 0.5%
Citrus species peel, Ichang Citrus species, cultivar Ichang, fam. Rutaceae 0.05%
Tejpat leaf Cinnamomum tamala (Ham.) Nees et Eberm., fam. Lauraceae 0.6%
Turmeric (India) 5a rhizome 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L., cv. Roma (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 0.1%
Turmeric (India) 5b leaf 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L., cv. Roma (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 1.2%
Juniperus cedrus (Portugal-Madeira) Juniperus cedrus Webb & Berth. (J. oxycedrus L), fam. Cupressaceae 0.05%
Aristolochia gibertii leaf Aristolochia gibertii Hook., fam. Aristolochiaceae 2.6%
Aristolochia gibertii stem Aristolochia gibertii Hook., fam. Aristolochiaceae 2.0%
Rose (India) 2 8007-01-7 Rosa damascena Mill., fam. Rosaceae 0.56%
Lantana camara (India) 1a leaf 90046-17-6 Lantana camara L., fam. Verbenaceae 7.3%
Lantana camara (India) 1b flower 90046-17-6 Lantana camara L., fam. Verbenaceae 14.5%
Lantana camara (Iran) 90046-17-6 Lantana camara L., fam. Verbenaceae 1.9%
Nepeta fissa (Iran) Nepeta fissa C.A.Mey (N.microphylla Stapf, N.trautvetteri Boiss),Lamiaceae 0.9%
Licaria salicifolia Licaria salicifolia (Sw.) Kosterm., fam. Lauraceae 0.2%
Helichrysum hypnoides (Madagascar) 2 Helichrysum hypnoides (DC.) R.Vig. et Humbert, fam.Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.1%
Plectranthus barbatus (Brazil) 2a leaf Plectranthus barbatus Andr. (Coleus barbatus), fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 1.4%
Salvadora persica root Salvadora persica L., fam. Salvadoraceae 1.0%
Cinnamomum aureofulvum leaf Cinnamomum aureofulvum Gamb., fam. Lauraceae 0.05%
Mentha longifolia (Iran) 3 90063-99-3 Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.8%
Orthodon dianthera (Vietnam) Orthodon dianthera Maxim. (Mosla dianthera Maxim.), fam. Lamiaceae 0.2%
Geranium (Cuba) 8000-46-2 Pelargonium species, fam. Geraniaceae 0.7%
Baccharis coridifolia Baccharis coridifolia De Candole, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 1.2%
Mikania cordata leaf Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L. Robinson var. cordata, fam. Asteraceae 2.1%
Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Brazil) Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Vahl) Kuntze, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 2.5%
Hyptis spicigera (Mali) Hyptis spicigera Lam., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.15%
Plectranthus glandulosus (Cameroon) 2 Plectranthus glandulosus Hook f., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.1%
Patchouli (China) 3b rhizome 8014-09-3 Pogostemon cablin Benth., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Cinnamon fruit (India) 2 8007-80-5 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (C. verum L. Presl), fam. Lauraceae 0.4%
Caraway herb (Mongolia) 8000-42-8 Carum carvi L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 5.3%
Echinophora cinerea (Iran) Echinophora cinerea (Boiss.) Hedge et Lamond, fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.1%
Pepper, black (India) 4 8006-82-4 Piper nigrum L., fam. Piperaceae 0.07%
Pepper, black (China) 2 root 8006-82-4 Piper nigrum L., fam. Lamiaceae 0.59%
Pepper, black (Malaysia) 8006-82-4 Piper nigrum L., fam. Piperaceae 1.6%
Pepper, black (India) 5a 8006-82-4 Piper nigrum L., cultivar 'Karimunda', fam. Piperaceae 0.05%
Pepper, black (India) 5b 8006-82-4 Piper nigrum L., cultivar 'Kalluvally', fam. Piperaceae 0.05%
Pepper, black (India) 5d 8006-82-4 Piper nigrum L., cultivar 'Arakulam', fam. Piperaceae 0.5%
Pepper, black (Sao Tome) 8006-82-4 Piper nigrum L., fam. Piperaceae 0.8%
Laurel leaf (Turkey) 4 8006-78-8 Laurus nobilis L., fam. Lauraceae 0.6%
Laurel leaf (Tunisia) 8006-78-8 Laurus nobilis L., fam. Lauraceae 1.3%