Copaene

Overview IFRA Botanical Request a quote

  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    3856-25-5

    Molecular formula
    C15H24

    SMILES
    CC1=CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]1[C@@]2(CC[C@H]3C(C)C)C

    Safety labels

    Flammable
    Flammable

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Health Hazard
    Health

    Retention indicies (RI)

    • DB5: 1379.0
    • Carbowax: 1489.14

  • Odor profile

    Woody 84.46%
    Herbal 56.45%
    Spicy 55.71%
    Green 40.81%
    Dry 39.64%
    Fresh 39.41%
    Balsamic 39.31%
    Vetiver 35.09%
    Amber 33.38%
    Oily 33.21%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    4.5

    pKa est.
    9.82 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    204.35 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Slow

    Boiling point est.
    261°C

    Flash point est.
    71.29 ˚C

  • Synonyms

    • Copaene
    • Aglaiene
    • 3856-25-5
    • (-)-copaene
    • UNII-0V56HXQ8N5
    • (-)-alpha-Copaene
    • 0V56HXQ8N5
    • COPAENE [MI]
    • EINECS 223-364-4
    • COPAENE, .ALPHA.-
    • (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-1,3-Dimethyl-8-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene
    • ALPHA-COPAENE
    • a-Copaene (>90%)
    • a-copaene
    • 8-Isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo(4.4.0.02,7)dec-3-ene
    • .alpha.-Copaene
    • TRICYCLO(4.4.0.02,7)DEC-3-ENE, 8-ISOPROPYL-1,3-DIMETHYL-
    • (-)-a-Copaene
    • (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-(-)-8-ISOPROPYL-1,3-DIMETHYLTRICYCLO(4.4.0.02,7)DEC-3-ENE
    • (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-(-)-8-Isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene
    • (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-1,3-Dimethyl-8-(1-methylethyl)tricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene
    • TRICYCLO(4.4.0.02,7)DEC-3-ENE, 1,3-DIMETHYL-8-(1-METHYLETHYL)-, (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-
    • TRICYCLO(4.4.0.02,7)DEC-3-ENE, 8-ISOPROPYL-1,3-DIMETHYL-, (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-(-)-
    • 8-isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene
    • DTXSID30873067
    • alpha-Copanene
    • (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-1,3-Dimethyl-8-(1-methylethyl)tricyclo(4.4.0.02,7)dec-3-ene
    • (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-1,3-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yltricyclo(4.4.0.02,7)dec-3-ene
    • I+--Copanene
    • (-)-I+--Copaene
    • COPAENE, ALPHA-
    • 1,3-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yltricyclo(4.4.0.02,7)dec-3-ene
    • 1,3-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene
    • (-)-.ALPHA.-COPAENE
    • Tricyclo(4.4.0.0(2,7))dec-3-ene, 1,3-dimethyl-8-(1-methylethyl)-, stereoisomer
    • VLXDPFLIRFYIME-BTFPBAQTSA-N
    • DTXCID601324318
    • HY-122485
    • CS-0085720
    • 4FB740C8-9DD2-4B6A-A38A-AD843ADB56A5
    • Q27237288

  • Applications

    α-Copaene (CAS 3856-25-5) is a volatile sesquiterpene present in many essential oils (e.g., copaiba, clove, black pepper, basil, geranium, citrus) with key applications spanning agricultural semiochemicals, flavor/fragrance, and analytical chemistry; in particular, the (+)-enantiomer is a potent kairomone for male fruit flies—most notably the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata—so it is employed in lures for monitoring traps to support integrated pest management and sterile insect technique programs, sometimes in combination with other attractants to boost detection sensitivity; in aroma work, α-copaene contributes woody–resinous–spicy facets to natural materials and is occasionally dosed at trace levels to rebuild natural profiles or add green-woody accents in perfumery; analytically, it serves as a reference/retention-index anchor in the C15 range for GC/GC–MS, a benchmark for chiral separations, and a chemical marker to authenticate essential oils, assess geographical origin, and detect adulteration; additionally, α-copaene is tracked in fruit headspace profiling to monitor ripening and postharvest changes, and it is widely used in chemical ecology and insect olfaction research to elucidate odorant–receptor interactions and guide next-generation lure design.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 91.1
    methanol 46.73
    isopropanol 106.99
    water 0.18
    ethyl acetate 244.18
    n-propanol 115.38
    acetone 222.58
    n-butanol 152.53
    acetonitrile 139.07
    DMF 154.6
    toluene 497.8
    isobutanol 105.59
    1,4-dioxane 572.82
    methyl acetate 185.44
    THF 1005.36
    2-butanone 241.12
    n-pentanol 72.44
    sec-butanol 87.64
    n-hexane 60.41
    ethylene glycol 8.2
    NMP 187.37
    cyclohexane 199.63
    DMSO 87.39
    n-butyl acetate 405.36
    n-octanol 114.69
    chloroform 532.33
    n-propyl acetate 141.09
    acetic acid 51.38
    dichloromethane 454.13
    cyclohexanone 454.39
    propylene glycol 16.87
    isopropyl acetate 216.83
    DMAc 143.07
    2-ethoxyethanol 75.99
    isopentanol 142.78
    n-heptane 130.31
    ethyl formate 115.57
    1,2-dichloroethane 289.73
    n-hexanol 237.67
    2-methoxyethanol 120.71
    isobutyl acetate 145.44
    tetrachloromethane 135.65
    n-pentyl acetate 198.75
    transcutol 375.92
    n-heptanol 122.87
    ethylbenzene 177.82
    MIBK 198.8
    2-propoxyethanol 236.64
    tert-butanol 134.07
    MTBE 255.77
    2-butoxyethanol 139.45
    propionic acid 66.31
    o-xylene 232.19
    formic acid 8.56
    diethyl ether 306.61
    m-xylene 321.7
    p-xylene 219.74
    chlorobenzene 319.04
    dimethyl carbonate 84.43
    n-octane 43.78
    formamide 19.34
    cyclopentanone 511.45
    2-pentanone 251.13
    anisole 228.49
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 426.12
    gamma-butyrolactone 387.12
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 133.12
    pyridine 469.21
    3-pentanone 198.22
    furfural 256.9
    n-dodecane 31.93
    diethylene glycol 94.58
    diisopropyl ether 148.23
    tert-amyl alcohol 95.11
    acetylacetone 261.6
    n-hexadecane 37.78
    acetophenone 180.14
    methyl propionate 170.07
    isopentyl acetate 372.29
    trichloroethylene 441.53
    n-nonanol 112.5
    cyclohexanol 183.74
    benzyl alcohol 121.12
    2-ethylhexanol 194.23
    isooctanol 105.96
    dipropyl ether 342.59
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 257.51
    ethyl lactate 54.12
    propylene carbonate 225.0
    n-methylformamide 63.54
    2-pentanol 107.14
    n-pentane 78.79
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 227.91
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 309.16
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 155.54
    mesitylene 205.51
    ε-caprolactone 338.79
    p-cymene 201.68
    epichlorohydrin 401.97
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 320.22
    2-aminoethanol 24.5
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 245.67
    sulfolane 249.32
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 38.64
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 560.5
    n-hexyl acetate 256.82
    isooctane 46.1
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 192.86
    sec-butyl acetate 134.56
    tert-butyl acetate 234.94
    decalin 70.15
    glycerin 22.72
    diglyme 347.63
    acrylic acid 45.06
    isopropyl myristate 136.8
    n-butyric acid 151.85
    acetyl acetate 169.79
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 107.63
    ethyl propionate 146.68
    nitromethane 99.03
    1,2-diethoxyethane 290.25
    benzonitrile 223.52
    trioctyl phosphate 85.72
    1-bromopropane 295.44
    gamma-valerolactone 438.67
    n-decanol 87.5
    triethyl phosphate 109.65
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 95.71
    propionitrile 182.29
    vinylene carbonate 208.02
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 125.54
    DMS 166.19
    cumene 122.86
    2-octanol 83.99
    2-hexanone 159.74
    octyl acetate 148.37
    limonene 247.59
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 228.57
    ethyl orthosilicate 118.54
    tributyl phosphate 96.59
    diacetone alcohol 153.52
    N,N-dimethylaniline 148.15
    acrylonitrile 151.35
    aniline 239.02
    1,3-propanediol 62.46
    bromobenzene 411.24
    dibromomethane 370.46
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 299.04
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 215.06
    tetrabutyl urea 117.89
    diisobutyl methanol 139.51
    2-phenylethanol 220.1
    styrene 197.2
    dioctyl adipate 148.46
    dimethyl sulfate 81.87
    ethyl butyrate 260.45
    methyl lactate 54.48
    butyl lactate 107.59
    diethyl carbonate 155.27
    propanediol butyl ether 96.76
    triethyl orthoformate 195.69
    p-tert-butyltoluene 201.59
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 186.66
    morpholine 477.18
    tert-butylamine 120.58
    n-dodecanol 71.27
    dimethoxymethane 239.68
    ethylene carbonate 195.82
    cyrene 120.91
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 229.56
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 329.6
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 271.83
    4-methylpyridine 444.61
    dibutyl ether 215.71
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 139.51
    DEF 187.12
    dimethyl isosorbide 315.6
    tetrachloroethylene 205.42
    eugenol 144.09
    triacetin 180.97
    span 80 144.72
    1,4-butanediol 21.05
    1,1-dichloroethane 285.06
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 79.73
    methyl formate 60.3
    2-methyl-1-butanol 114.09
    n-decane 55.28
    butyronitrile 214.03
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 125.88
    1-chlorooctane 131.92
    1-chlorotetradecane 59.96
    n-nonane 53.49
    undecane 40.71
    tert-butylcyclohexane 60.03
    cyclooctane 91.44
    cyclopentanol 167.29
    tetrahydropyran 715.35
    tert-amyl methyl ether 164.2
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 237.68
    1-hexene 130.02
    2-isopropoxyethanol 79.25
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 23.54
    methyl butyrate 159.63

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Abies semenovii Abies semenovii L., fam. Pinaceae 0.01%
Amomum muricarpum Amomum muricarpum Elm, fam. Zingiberaceae 2.0%
Amomum pavieanum rhizome Amomum pavieanum Pierre & Gagnep, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.1%
Amomum villosum (China) 1f fruit Amomum villosum Lour., fam. Zingiberaceae 0.01%
Star anise (China) 1 8007-70-3 Illicium verum Hooker fil., fam. Magnoliaceae (Illiciaceae) 0.05%
Star anise (China, Yunnan) 5 8007-70-3 Illicium verum Hooker fil., fam. Magnoliaceae (Illiciaceae) 0.04%
Star anise (Vietnam) 1 8007-70-3 Illicium verum Hooker fil., fam. Magnoliaceae (Illiciaceae) 0.08%
Armoise flower 8008-93-3 Artemisia vulgaris L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.05%
Ayou Aydendron barbeyana Mez. (Nectandra globosa Mez.), fam. Lauraceae 2.2%
Lemon balm (Spain) 8014-71-9 Melissa officinalis L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Lemon balm 2 8014-71-9 Melissa officinalis L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.5%
Balsamite/Costmary Chrysanthemum balsamita L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.15%
Basil (Nigeria) 2 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.14%
Blackcurrant bud, absolute 68606-81-5 Ribes nigrum L., fam. Grossulariaceae 0.08%
Blackcurrant bud 1 68606-81-5 Ribes nigrum L., fam. Grossulariaceae 0.06%
Caraway herb 8000-42-8 Carum carvi L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.45%
Carrot seed (France) 1 8015-88-1 Daucus carota L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.01%
Cedrela odorata Cedrela odorata L., fam. Meliaceae 15.6%
Chamomile, german (Bulgaria) 8002-66-2 Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.(Matricaria chamomilla L.), fam.Asteraceae 0.24%
Citronella java (China) 8000-29-1 Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt., fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 0.13%
Citronella java (Argentina) 2 8000-29-1 Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt., fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 0.12%
Citronella java (S. America) 8000-29-1 Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt., fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 0.09%
Citronella java 3 8000-29-1 Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt., fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 0.08%
Citronella ceylon 5 8000-29-1 Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 0.04%
Clementine (Italy) 1 Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan., (C. deliciosa Ten. var. Clementina) 0.04%
Clinopodium vulgare (Belgium) Clinopodium vulgare L. (Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch), fam. Lamiaceae 0.3%
Clove bud 3 8000-34-8 Eugenia caryophyllus (Spreng.) Bullock & Harrison (E.caryophyllata Thunb.) 0.52%
Clove bud 2 8000-34-8 Eugenia caryophyllus (Spreng.) Bullock & Harrison (E.caryophyllata Thunb.) 0.2%
Ginger (Australia) 1 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.21%
Coleonema pulchellum Coleonema pulchellum Williams (C. pulchrum Hook.), fam. Rutaceae 0.05%
Cymbopogon distans 4 (Himalaya) Cymbopogon distans (Steud.) Wats. (Chemotype 4), fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 0.6%
Cymbopogon jwarancusa (India) Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult., fam. Poaceae (Gramineae) 0.3%
Eucalyptus cloeziana leaf (Chemotype 1) Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell., fam. Myrtaeceae 0.02%
Ginger (India) 3 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.4%
Eugenia javanica Eugenia javanica Lamk., fam. Myrtaceae 0.6%
Ginger (Nigeria) 2 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.27%
Ginger (Nigeria) 1 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.35%
Spike lavender (Spain) 3 8016-78-2 Lavandula latifolia Medikus (L. spica D.C.), fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.2%
Helichrysum italicum (Yugoslavia) 8023-95-8 Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (H. angustifolium D.C.), fam.Asteraceae 1.6%
Hortensis leaf Euodia hortensis forma hortensis, fam. Saxifragaceae (Hydrangea) 0.1%
Hortensis flower Euodia hortensis forma hortensis, fam. Saxifragaceae (Hydrangea) 8.0%
Juniper berry 1 8012-91-7 Juniperus communis L., fam. Cupressaceae 0.01%
Juniper berry 3 8012-91-7 Juniperus communis L., fam. Cupressaceae 0.45%
Juniper berry 5 8012-91-7 Juniperus communis L., fam. Cupressaceae 0.2%
Juniper branch 8012-91-7 Juniperus communis L., fam. Cupressaceae 0.3%
Dracocephalum kotschyi Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.3%
Lovage root (France) 8016-31-7 Levisticum officinale Koch, fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.32%
Lovage root (China) 1 8016-31-7 Levisticum officinale Koch, fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.19%
Lovage root (China) 2 8016-31-7 Levisticum officinale Koch, fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.24%
Mandarin (Italy) 1 8008-31-9 Citrus deliciosa Tenore (C. reticulata Blanco, cv.mandarin), fam. Rutaceae 0.02%
Tamarind 2 Tamarindus indica L., fam. Leguminosae 0.6%
Cinnamon leaf (Sri Lanka) 8007-80-5 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (C. verum L. Presl), fam. Lauraceae 0.68%
Eucalyptus globulus (Burundi) 8016-26-0 Eucalyptus globulus Labill., fam. Myrtaceae 0.2%
Eucalyptus maidenii (Burundi) Eucalyptus maidenii F. Muell., fam. Myrtaceae 0.1%
Juniper berry 2 8012-91-7 Juniperus communis L., fam. Cupressaceae 0.1%
Sage, dalmatian 1 8022-56-8 Salvia officinalis L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.14%
Lemon verbena (Morocco) 1 Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit.) Britton (Lippia citriodora (Lam.) O. Kuntze) 0.6%
Artemisia roxburghiana (Himalaya) Artemisia roxburghiana Wall. ex Bies, var. hypolenca, fam. Asteraceae 0.01%
Juniper leaf 2 8012-91-7 Juniperus communis L., fam. Cupressaceae 0.32%
Tansy (Canada) 2a flowers 8016-87-3 Tanacetum vulgare L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.1%
Tansy (Canada) 2b stems & sheets 8016-87-3 Tanacetum vulgare L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.02%
Helichrysum bracteiferum (Madagascar) 1 Helichrysum bracteiferum (DC) H. Humbert, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.45%
Helichrysum hypnoides (Madagascar) 1 Helichrysum hypnoides (DC.) R.Vig. et Humbert, fam.Asteraceae (Compositae) 1.0%
Cypress (Algeria) 8013-86-3 Cupressus sempervirens L. (C. fastigiata DC), fam. Cupressaceae 0.03%
Guava leaf 2 91770-12-6 Psidium guajava L., fam. Myrtaceae 0.88%
Angelica root (Finland) 4 8015-64-3 Angelica archangelica L. var. archangelica, fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.35%
Angelica root (Finland) 3 8015-64-3 Angelica archangelica L. var. sativa, fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.9%
Pepper, black (India) 1 8006-82-4 Piper nigrum L., fam. Piperaceae 0.6%
Pelargonium citronellum Pelargonium citronellum J.J.A. v.d. Walt, fam. Geraniaceae 0.05%
Artemisia arborescens (U.S.A.) Artemisia arborescens L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.65%
Hyptis suaveolens (India) 2 Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Cassia, branch & leaf 8007-80-5 Cinnamomum cassia Blume, fam. Lauraceae 0.01%
Cassia, bark 8007-80-5 Cinnamomum cassia Blume, fam. Lauraceae 0.8%
Cassia, bark (China) 1 8007-80-5 Cinnamomum cassia Blume, fam. Lauraceae 0.01%
Cassia, bark (China) 2 8007-80-5 Cinnamomum cassia Blume, fam. Lauraceae 0.01%
Lilac, White, Picked Flower Headspace 2 Syringa vulgaris L., fam. Oleaceae 0.06%
Lilac, Purple, Picked Flower Headspace 3 Syringa vulgaris L., fam. Oleaceae 0.06%
Yuzu (Japan) 3 Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka, fam. Rutaceae 0.01%
Juniper leaf (France) 8012-91-7 Juniperus communis L., fam. Cupressaceae 0.01%
Geranium (China, Yunnan) 5 8000-46-2 Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit. ex Aiton, fam. Geraniaceae 0.2%
Geranium (China, Beijing) 8000-46-2 Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit. ex Aiton, fam. Geraniaceae 0.38%
Geranium (China, Chengdu) 8000-46-2 Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit. ex Aiton, fam. Geraniaceae 0.49%
Cinnamon leaf 2 8007-80-5 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (C. verum L. Presl), fam. Lauraceae 0.4%
Pepper, white (China) 8006-82-4 Piper nigrum L., fam. Piperaceae 0.79%
Parsley leaf (Germany), 1b (smooth leaf) 8000-68-8 Petroselinum crispum (Miller) A.W. Hill (P. sativum Hoffm.), fam. Apiaceae 0.2%
Parsley leaf (Germany), 1a (curly leaf) 8000-68-8 Petroselinum crispum (Miller) A.W. Hill (P. sativum Hoffm.), fam. Apiaceae 0.1%
Cinnamon bark 4 8007-80-5 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (C. verum L. Presl), fam. Lauraceae 0.5%
Grapefruit (Italy) 2 8016-20-4 Citrus paradisi Macfayden, fam. Rutaceae 0.06%
Cascarilla 1 8007-06-5 Croton eluteria Bennett, fam. Euphorbiaceae 1.3%
Vassoura (Brazil) 2 Baccharis dracunculifolia DC., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.87%
Abies ernestii (China) Abies ernestii Rehd., fam. Pinaceae 0.19%
Abies faxoniana (China) Abies faxoniana Rehd. et Wils., fam. Pinaceae 0.63%
Artemisia argentea (Madeira) Artemisia argentea L'Her., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.6%
Blumea brevipes Blumea brevipes (Oliv. & Hiern) Willd., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.8%
Heteromorpha trifoliata Heteromorpha trifoliata (Wendl.) Eckl. & Zey., fam.Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 1.4%
Swangi (Citrus hystrix) leaf (Thailand) 1 Citrus hystrix DC (Swangi), fam. Rutaceae 0.1%
Camphor (China) 8008-51-3 Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees et Ebermaier, fam. Lauraceae 0.45%
Ho leaf (China) 4 8022-91-1 Cinnamomum camphora Sieb. linaloolifera Fujita, fam. Lauraceae 0.11%
Laurel leaf (Albania) 8006-78-8 Laurus nobilis L., fam. Lauraceae 0.1%
Ylang Ylang 3 8006-81-3 Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Hook. f. et Thomson forma genuina, fam. Annonaceae 3.0%
Cinnamomum "Re G—ng" (Vietnam) 1b stem Cinnamomum species "Re G—ng", fam. Lauraceae 0.2%
Fitweed seed Eryngium foetidum L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.06%
Solanum stuckertii flower Solanum stuckertii Bitter, fam. Solanaceae 1.68%
Ambrosia microcephala Ambrosia microcephala DC., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.5%
Hexalobus monopetalus leaf Hexalobus monopetalus (A. Rich) Engl., fam. Annonaceae 0.3%
Angelica root (Brazil) 1a hydrodistilled 8015-64-3 Angelica archangelica L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.9%
Lippia alba (Cuba) 1a leaf Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown, fam. Verbenaceae 0.02%
Flourensia oolepsis Flourensia oolepsis S.L. Blake, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.01%
Annona squamosa leaf Annona squamosa L., fam. Annonaceae (sweetsop or custard apple) 1.3%
Nepeta italica (Turkey) Nepeta italica L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.2%
Nepeta sulfuriflora (Turkey) Nepeta sulfurifloral P.H. David, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.4%
Tagetes lucida Tagetes lucida Cav. ssp. lucida, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.05%
Laurel stem bark (France) Laurus nobilis L., fam. Lauraceae 1.8%
Laurel flower (France) Laurus nobilis L., fam. Lauraceae 0.3%
Laurel stem wood (France) Laurus nobilis L., fam. Lauraceae 0.9%
Nepeta cilicia Nepeta cilicia Boiss., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 7.3%
Teucrium divaricatum (Greece) Teucrium divaricatum Heldr. ssp. divaricatum, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.65%
Cistus (France) 8016-26-0 Cistus ladaniferus L. var. maculatus Dun, fam. Cistaceae 0.8%
Clementine (Italy) 3a Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan., cultivar Oroval, fam. Rutaceae 0.02%
Clementine (Italy) 3b Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan., cultivar Monreal, fam. Rutaceae 0.02%
Clementine (Italy) 3c Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan., cultivar Comune, fam. Rutaceae 0.04%
Basil (Philippines) 1b 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Annual wormwood (Finland) 84775-74-6 Artemisia annua L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 3.0%
St. John's wort (Turkey) 84082-80-4 Hypericum perforatum L., fam. Guttiferae (Hypericaceae) 0.5%
Hypericum scabrum (Turkey) Hypericum scabrum L., fam. Guttiferae (Hypericeae) 0.01%
Eremocharis triradiata Eremocharis triradiata (Wolff.) Johnston, fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.1%
Stevia achalensis Stevia achalensis Hieronymus, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.01%
Teucrium haenseleri flower Teucrium haenseleri Boiss., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.01%
Aristolochia brevipes Aristolochia brevipes Benth., fam. Aristolochiaceae 0.3%
Baccharis crispa Baccharis crispa Spreng., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 4.0%
Baccharis salicifolia (Argentina) Baccharis salicifolia Pers., fam Asteraceae (Compositae) 1.6%
Artemisia austriaca (Turkey) Artemisia austriaca Jacq., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.1%
Artemisia spicigera (Turkey) Artemisia spicigera C. Koch., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.8%
Pelargonium sidoides Pelargonium sidoides DC., fam. Geraniaceae 0.2%
Pelargonium reniforme Pelargonium reniforme Curt., fam. Geraniaceae 0.3%
Cabore (Brazil) Micrastur ruficolis, fam. Leguminosae (so-called: officially unknown) 22.9%
Hoslundia opposita Hoslundia opposita Vahl., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 12.3%
Hyptis lanceolata Hyptis lanciolata Poit., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.7%
Hyptis suaveolens (Cameroon) Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Basil (Cameroon) 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Ocimum canum (Cameroon) Ocimum canum Sims., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.2%
Ocimum gratissimum (Cameroon) 1 Ocimum gratissimum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.4%
Plectranthus glandulosus (Cameroon) 1 Plectranthus glandulosus Hook f., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.5%
Thyme (Cameroon) 8007-46-3 Thymus vulgaris L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.1%
Piper capense (Cameroon) 1a Piper capense L., fam. Piperaceae 0.1%
Piper capense (Cameroon) 1b Piper capense L., fam. Piperaceae 0.3%
Piper guineense (Cameroon) 1a Piper guineense Schum. et Thom., fam. Piperaceae 0.05%
Piper guineense (Cameroon) 1b Piper guineense Schum. et Thom., fam. Piperaceae 6.3%
Bixa orellana (Cameroon) Bixa orellana L., fam. Bixaceae 0.6%
Grapefruit (Italy) 4a 8016-20-4 Citrus paradisi Macfayden, fam. Rutaceae 0.08%
Calamus (Bangladesh) root 8015-79-0 Acorus calamus L., fam. Araceae 0.01%
Eupatorium ballotaefolium Eupatorium ballotaefolium H.B.K., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.5%
Artemisia barrelieri Artemisia barrelieri Besser, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 2.2%
Nepeta glomerulosa (Iran) Nepeta glomerulosa Boiss., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.4%
Afrocarpus mannii 1a leaf Afrocarpus mannii Hook f., fam. Podocarpaceae 1.6%
Afrocarpus mannii 1b bark Afrocarpus mannii Hook f., fam. Podocarpaceae 1.9%
Carapa guianensis Carapa guianensis Aubl., fam. Meliaceae 0.3%
Carrot umbel (Poland) 8015-88-1 Daucus carota L. ssp. carota, fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.08%
Teucrium carolipaui (Spain) Teucrium carolipaui Pau, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.7%
Eupatorium cannabinum Eupatorium cannabinum L. ssp. cannabinum, fam. Astercaceae (Compositae) 0.2%
Solidago gigantea Solidago gigantea Ait., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.2%
Satureja cuneifolia (Croatia) Satureja cuneifolia Ten. (S. pisidica Wettst.), fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.5%
Oregano, mexican (Guatemala) Lippia graveolens HBK., fam. Verbenaceae 0.8%
Tanacetum balsamita Tanacetum balsamita L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.1%
St. John's wort (Yugoslavia) 84082-80-4 Hypericum perforatum L., fam. Guttiferae (Hypericaceae) 0.2%
Hypericum olympicum (Yugoslavia) Hypericum olympicum L., fam. Guttiferae (Hyperiaceae) 2.7%
Salvia argentea (Greece) Salvia argentea L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.05%
Hymenocrater incanus (Iran) Hymenocrater incanus Bunge, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.2%
Melia dubia (India) Melia dubia Cav., fam. Meliaceae 0.01%
Helichrysum bracteiferum (Madagascar) 2 Helichrysum bracteiferum (DC) H. Humbert, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.3%
Helichrysum hypnoides (Madagascar) 3 Helichrysum hypnoides (DC.) R.Vig. et Humbert, fam.Asteraceae (Compositae) 1.8%
Baccharis uncinella (Brazil) Baccharis uncinella DC., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.4%
Geranium (India) 15a cv. Kunti 8000-46-2 Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit. ex Aiton, cv. Kunti, fam. Geraniaceae 0.3%
Geranium (India) 15b cv. Kunti variant 8000-46-2 Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit. ex Aiton, cv.Kunti variant, fam. Geraniace 0.1%
Clove leaf (India) 8000-34-8 Eugenia caryophyllus (Spreng.) Bullock & Harrison, fam. Myrtaceae 0.04%
Artemisia campestris (Tunisia) Artemisia campestris L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 2.0%
Erichtites hieracifolia (Bolivia) Erichtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 1.6%
Lippia alba (Uruguay) cultivar Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown, fam. Verbenaceae 0.8%
Teucrium fruticans (Italy) 1a flowering phase Teucrium fruticans L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.3%
Teucrium fruticans (Italy) 1b fruiting phase Teucrium fruticans L., fam. Lamiaceae (LAbiatae) 0.4%
Yarrow (India) 84082-83-7 Achillea millefolium L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.1%
Lime (Mexican, West Indian, Key) (Vietnam) 8008-26-2 Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle, fam. Rutaceae 0.02%
Clary sage (Italy) 2a inflorescense 8016-63-5 Salvia sclarea L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.54%
Clary sage (Italy) 2b leaf 8016-63-5 Salvia sclarea L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 5.26%
Pistacia lentiscus (Italy) 1a CO2-extract 90082-83-0 Pistacia lentiscus L., fam. Anacardiaceae 0.87%
Pistacia lentiscus (Italy) 1b CO2-extract 90082-83-0 Pistacia lentiscus L., fam. Anacardiaceae 0.19%
Pistacia lentiscus (Italy) 3a CO2 extract leaf 90082-83-0 Pistacia lentiscus L., fam. Anacardiaceae 0.87%
Pistacia lentiscus (Italy) 3b hydrodist. leaf 90082-83-0 Pistacia lentiscus L., fam. Anacardiaceae 0.25%
Ageratum conyzoides (Nigeria) 85480-32-6 Ageratum conyzoides L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.6%
Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Egypt) fruit Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. var. brevirostris, fam. Myrtaceae 0.55%
Nepeta argolica (Greece) 1a chemotype 1 Nepeta argolica Bory & Chaub. ssp. argolica, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 4.06%
Geranium (India) 12a Genotype 1 'Algerian' 8000-46-2 Pelargonium species, fam. Geraniaceae 0.1%
Geranium (India) 12b Genotype 2 'Bourbon' 8000-46-2 Pelargonium species, fam. Geraniaceae 0.3%
Geranium (India) 12c Genotype 3 'Kelkar' 8000-46-2 Pelargonium species, fam. Geraniaceae 0.2%
Croton ovalifolius (Venezuela) Croton ovalifolius Vahl, fam. Euphorbiaceae 1.5%
Baccharis cordobensis (Argentina) Baccharis cordobensis Heering, fam. Asteraceae (Compisitae) 1.0%
Orange, sweet (Ethiopia) 1a cv Valencia 8028-48-6 Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, fam. Rutaceae 0.02%
Orange, sweet (Ethiopia) 1b cv Hamlin 8028-48-6 Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, fam. Rutaceae 0.02%
Yuzu (Japana) 6 Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka, fam. Rutaceae 0.01%
Armoise (Israel) 8008-93-3 Artemisia herba-alba Asso, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.01%