beta-Ionone

Overview IFRA Botanical Request a quote

  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    79-77-6

    Molecular formula
    C13H20O

    SMILES
    CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=O)C

    Safety labels

    Environmental Hazard
    Environmental

    Retention indicies (RI)

    • DB5: 1493.14
    • Carbowax: 1933.86

  • Odor profile

    Floral 92.85%
    Woody 88.62%
    Fruity 79.61%
    Sweet 77.26%
    Violet 70.42%
    Berry 69.8%
    Orris 62.96%
    Powdery 62.69%
    Raspberry 56.31%
    Tropical 49.94%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    2.9

    Molecular weight
    192.3 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Slow

    Melting point expt.

    • -35 °C

    Boiling point

    • 284 °F at 18 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
    • 271 °C at 760 mm Hg
    • Pale yellow to yellow liquid; Specific gravity: 0.933-0.937 25/25 °C; Boiling point: 126-128 °C at 12 mm Hg /mixed ionone isomers/
    • 266.00 to 269.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

    Flash point est.
    111.73 ˚C

    Flash point expt.

    • greater than 235 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • > 113 °C (> 235 °F) - closed cup

    Solubility expt.

    • Slightly soluble (NTP, 1992)
    • In water, 169 mg/L at 25 °C
    • Soluble in alcohol, most fixed oils, propylene glycol. Insoluble in glycerin
    • Miscible with absolute alcohol. Soluble in 2 to 3 parts of 70% alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene. Very slightly soluble in water. /mixed ionone isomers/
    • soluble in alcohol, propylene glycol, most fixed oils; insoluble in glycerol and water
    • 1 ml in 3 ml 70% alcohol (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • BETA-IONONE
    • 79-77-6
    • 14901-07-6
    • (E)-beta-Ionone
    • trans-beta-Ionone
    • 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one
    • b-ionone
    • 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one
    • (E)-4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one
    • (3E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one
    • beta-E-Ionone
    • .beta.-Ionone
    • 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one
    • beta-Cyclocitrylideneacetone
    • 3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (3E)-
    • (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one
    • FEMA No. 2595
    • CCRIS 6249
    • NSC 402758
    • beta-Ionon
    • UNII-A7NRR1HLH6
    • A7NRR1HLH6
    • EINECS 238-969-9
    • MFCD00001549
    • Ionone, .beta.-
    • CCRIS 4289
    • beta-Ionone (trans)
    • trans-.beta.-Ionone
    • DTXSID4021769
    • CHEBI:32325
    • (E)-|A-Ionone
    • IONONE, BETA
    • 3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-
    • EINECS 201-224-3
    • EINECS 288-959-3
    • (E)-4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one
    • NSC-46137
    • 9-apo-beta-caroten-9-one
    • NSC-402758
    • 3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (E)-
    • BRN 1909544
    • .beta.-Cyclocitrylideneacetone
    • AI3-25073
    • DTXCID901769
    • 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-ene-1-yl)-but-3-ene-2-one
    • HSDB 8269
    • .beta.-Ionene
    • EC 201-224-3
    • EC 238-969-9
    • 2-07-00-00140 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • NSC46137
    • 85949-43-5
    • 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1(or 2)-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one
    • trans-4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one
    • ss-Ionone
    • CAS-79-77-6
    • WLN: L6UTJ A1U1V1 B1 F1 F1
    • beta-Ionone, synthetic
    • (E)-.beta.-Ionone
    • 4-(2,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one
    • 3-Buten-2-one,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-
    • 4-(2,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one
    • 4-(2,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-l-yl)-3-buten-2-one
    • DTXSID9025451
    • [E]-4-[2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]-3-buten-2-one
    • beta ionone
    • beta -ionone
    • beta -E-ionone
    • Ionone, beta-
    • |A-Jonone
    • Trans-beta -ionone
    • (E)-beta -ionone
    • beta-Ionone, 96%
    • |A-Ionone (Standard)
    • BETA-IONONE [FCC]
    • (3E)-BETA-IONONE
    • .beta.-Ionone isomer # 1
    • .beta.-Ionone isomer # 2
    • SCHEMBL23953
    • .BETA.-IONONE [MI]
    • .BETA.-IONONE [FHFI]
    • US9144538, beta-Ionone
    • CHEMBL559945
    • beta-Ionone, analytical standard
    • DTXCID3027952
    • US9138393, ?-Ionone
    • FEMA 2595
    • BETA-CYCLOCITRYLIDENACETONE
    • BDBM181139
    • AAA07977
    • HY-W015084A
    • HY-W015084R
    • Tox21_201454
    • Tox21_300709
    • Tox21_302862
    • BBL009828
    • NSC402758
    • STK801279
    • beta-Ionone, natural, >=85%, FG
    • AKOS000121023
    • CS-W015800
    • HY-W015084
    • beta-Ionone, purum, >=95.0% (GC)
    • NCGC00248145-01
    • NCGC00248145-02
    • NCGC00256534-01
    • NCGC00257517-01
    • NCGC00259005-01
    • AS-68699
    • VS-02204
    • beta-Ionone, natural (US), >=85%, FG
    • CAS-14901-07-6
    • CS-0149266
    • NS00001727
    • EN300-18432
    • D70747
    • EN300-755077
    • F81525
    • beta-Ionone, predominantly trans, >=97%, FCC, FG
    • Q27114873
    • 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-l-yl)-3-buten-2-one
    • F0451-1336
    • (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-but-3-en-2-one
    • (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)but-3-en-2-one
    • 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one
    • (3E)-4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one
    • 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-(E)-3-Buten-2-one
    • (3E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl) but-3-en-2-one

  • Applications

    beta-Ionone (CAS 79-77-6) is a violet–woody–fruity aroma compound naturally generated from carotenoid cleavage with broad applications: in fine fragrance and personal care (perfumes, creams, shampoos, soaps) and in home care (detergents, fabric softeners, candles, air care) to impart a soft violet/flower nuance, round accords and add moderate tenacity; in foods and beverages as a flavoring for berry, stone-fruit, tea and wine profiles and in tobacco processing at very low dosage; as a key intermediate for the synthesis of vitamin A (retinol and its esters) and other retinoids, and as a versatile scaffold for ionone-derived aroma chemicals such as dihydro-β-ionone, damascones and damascenones; as a GC/MS reference standard and a marker of carotenoid degradation in food, postharvest and flavor research; available from natural (extraction/biotechnological) and synthetic sources, generally regarded as safe at typical flavor use levels yet subject to IFRA guidance and local food regulations, allergen labeling where applicable, and good handling/storage practices (keep sealed, cool, protected from light/oxygen to minimize oxidation and isomerization).

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 505.88
    methanol 604.12
    isopropanol 316.31
    water 0.47
    ethyl acetate 575.17
    n-propanol 401.27
    acetone 561.41
    n-butanol 370.07
    acetonitrile 464.27
    DMF 719.3
    toluene 478.92
    isobutanol 248.39
    1,4-dioxane 1325.13
    methyl acetate 478.73
    THF 1620.27
    2-butanone 492.44
    n-pentanol 186.39
    sec-butanol 245.08
    n-hexane 60.81
    ethylene glycol 48.36
    NMP 694.39
    cyclohexane 143.39
    DMSO 313.23
    n-butyl acetate 495.84
    n-octanol 154.55
    chloroform 1286.94
    n-propyl acetate 260.94
    acetic acid 232.22
    dichloromethane 1148.44
    cyclohexanone 745.11
    propylene glycol 89.13
    isopropyl acetate 325.33
    DMAc 472.99
    2-ethoxyethanol 221.56
    isopentanol 276.98
    n-heptane 57.52
    ethyl formate 306.18
    1,2-dichloroethane 610.81
    n-hexanol 438.3
    2-methoxyethanol 498.89
    isobutyl acetate 188.46
    tetrachloromethane 182.97
    n-pentyl acetate 233.06
    transcutol 1477.37
    n-heptanol 149.15
    ethylbenzene 188.04
    MIBK 241.42
    2-propoxyethanol 587.14
    tert-butanol 354.5
    MTBE 410.8
    2-butoxyethanol 254.74
    propionic acid 215.83
    o-xylene 215.31
    formic acid 85.1
    diethyl ether 620.78
    m-xylene 287.73
    p-xylene 215.46
    chlorobenzene 477.01
    dimethyl carbonate 167.64
    n-octane 18.83
    formamide 153.04
    cyclopentanone 882.58
    2-pentanone 445.4
    anisole 373.82
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 670.34
    gamma-butyrolactone 859.71
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 378.32
    pyridine 698.24
    3-pentanone 331.93
    furfural 622.39
    n-dodecane 14.94
    diethylene glycol 285.64
    diisopropyl ether 152.28
    tert-amyl alcohol 245.36
    acetylacetone 424.34
    n-hexadecane 17.77
    acetophenone 269.8
    methyl propionate 413.43
    isopentyl acetate 401.64
    trichloroethylene 1086.94
    n-nonanol 137.14
    cyclohexanol 349.57
    benzyl alcohol 225.12
    2-ethylhexanol 226.93
    isooctanol 114.64
    dipropyl ether 336.78
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 391.67
    ethyl lactate 104.37
    propylene carbonate 468.94
    n-methylformamide 309.5
    2-pentanol 203.9
    n-pentane 63.98
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 384.12
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 483.8
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 279.75
    mesitylene 168.01
    ε-caprolactone 632.99
    p-cymene 137.86
    epichlorohydrin 957.45
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 593.77
    2-aminoethanol 140.92
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 779.28
    sulfolane 618.45
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 30.26
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 1098.18
    n-hexyl acetate 368.17
    isooctane 27.6
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 400.05
    sec-butyl acetate 193.25
    tert-butyl acetate 330.6
    decalin 57.51
    glycerin 109.18
    diglyme 693.89
    acrylic acid 160.91
    isopropyl myristate 137.54
    n-butyric acid 356.73
    acetyl acetate 302.47
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 140.46
    ethyl propionate 241.75
    nitromethane 449.08
    1,2-diethoxyethane 542.88
    benzonitrile 364.65
    trioctyl phosphate 97.17
    1-bromopropane 444.83
    gamma-valerolactone 997.78
    n-decanol 98.81
    triethyl phosphate 137.31
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 126.63
    propionitrile 434.89
    vinylene carbonate 450.95
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 393.1
    DMS 290.48
    cumene 118.12
    2-octanol 96.63
    2-hexanone 264.89
    octyl acetate 179.33
    limonene 201.79
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 544.23
    ethyl orthosilicate 139.36
    tributyl phosphate 130.03
    diacetone alcohol 285.0
    N,N-dimethylaniline 221.61
    acrylonitrile 393.11
    aniline 400.92
    1,3-propanediol 218.84
    bromobenzene 534.45
    dibromomethane 731.09
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 763.54
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 263.44
    tetrabutyl urea 152.23
    diisobutyl methanol 119.23
    2-phenylethanol 322.69
    styrene 232.96
    dioctyl adipate 195.43
    dimethyl sulfate 185.46
    ethyl butyrate 304.13
    methyl lactate 138.9
    butyl lactate 169.71
    diethyl carbonate 203.13
    propanediol butyl ether 225.67
    triethyl orthoformate 213.19
    p-tert-butyltoluene 138.2
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 239.62
    morpholine 1372.42
    tert-butylamine 272.94
    n-dodecanol 72.76
    dimethoxymethane 594.16
    ethylene carbonate 374.97
    cyrene 232.66
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 341.82
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 343.19
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 438.71
    4-methylpyridine 796.06
    dibutyl ether 235.22
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 119.23
    DEF 453.68
    dimethyl isosorbide 589.34
    tetrachloroethylene 481.88
    eugenol 223.99
    triacetin 297.42
    span 80 254.09
    1,4-butanediol 59.86
    1,1-dichloroethane 630.6
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 174.94
    methyl formate 248.88
    2-methyl-1-butanol 251.0
    n-decane 27.37
    butyronitrile 463.34
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 161.26
    1-chlorooctane 125.15
    1-chlorotetradecane 47.34
    n-nonane 26.66
    undecane 19.75
    tert-butylcyclohexane 51.64
    cyclooctane 46.43
    cyclopentanol 324.81
    tetrahydropyran 1223.5
    tert-amyl methyl ether 273.45
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 469.24
    1-hexene 195.11
    2-isopropoxyethanol 173.37
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 73.42
    methyl butyrate 291.65

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Lemon balm (Germany) 8014-71-9 Melissa officinalis L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.5%
Tea leaf Camellia sinensis Kuntze, fam. Theaceae 0.1%
Cassie absolute (blossom) 8023-82-3 Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., fam. Mimosaceae (Leguminosae) 0.67%
Dragonhead Dracocephalum moldavica L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.1%
Freesia, Living Flower Headspace Freesia refracta L. 3.0%
Freesia, Picked Flower Headspace Freesia refracta L. 0.05%
Michelia champaca flower absolute Michelia champaca L., fam. Magnoliaceae 3.4%
Osmanthus absolute 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 7.6%
Peppermint (USA) 2 8006-90-4 Mentha piperita L. cultivar Mitcham, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.03%
Spikenard 2 8022-22-8 Nardostachys jatamansi (Roxb.) DC., fam. Valerianaceae 1.4%
Fingered Citron Citrus medica L., cultivar sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle, fam. Rutaceae 0.03%
Chervil (France) 8000-44-0 Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. (Cerefolium sativum Lam.), fam. Apiaceae 0.1%
Etrog, peel Citrus medica L., cultivar ethrog Engl., fam. Rutaceae 0.01%
Hedychium coronarium flower (Japan) Hedychium coronarium Koenig, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.02%
Daphne genkwa Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc., fam. Thymelaeaceae 0.01%
Artemisia judaica (Israel) 1 Artemisia judaica L. (Bat'aran), fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.02%
Artemisia judaica (Egypt) 2 Artemisia judaica L. (Bat'aran), fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.02%
Ginger (Japan) 2 8007-08-7 Zingiber officinale Roscoe, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.2%
Narcissus poeticus absolute 8023-75-4 Narcissus poeticus L., fam. Amaryllidaceae 0.1%
Osmanthus concrete 1 (China) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans, variety Thunbergii (Mak.), fam. Oleaceae 18.5%
Osmanthus concrete 2 (China) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans, variety Latifolius Mak., fam. Oleaceae 8.6%
Osmanthus concrete 3 (China) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans, variety Aurantiacus (Mak.), fam. Oleaceae 9.2%
Osmanthus concentrate 1 (Sukhumi-Abkhasia) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 1.23%
Osmanthus concentrate 2 (Sukhumi-Abkhasia) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 5.25%
Osmanthus headspace (living flowers) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 13.2%
Osmanthus headspace (picked flowers) 1 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 5.74%
Osmanthus headspace (picked flowers) 2 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 4.0%
Rose (Turkey) 3 8007-01-0 Rosa damascena Mill., fam. Rosaceae 0.1%
Rose (Kazanlik) 8007-01-0 Rosa damascena Mill., fam. Rosaceae 0.15%
Clary sage leaf 8016-63-5 Salvia sclarea L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.01%
Jasmine (Egypt) 8022-96-6 Jasminum officinale var. grandiflorum L., fam. Oleaceae 0.56%
Erigeron canadensis Erigeron canadensis L. (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist), fam. Asteraceae 0.1%
Osmanthus headspace (flowers) (China) 1 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., var. auranticus Makino, fam. Oleaceae 17.09%
Osmanthus headspace (flowers) (China) 2 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., var. thunbergii Makino, fam. Oleaceae 19.4%
Osmanthus headspace (flowers) (China) 3 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., var. latifolius Makino, fam. Oleaceae 10.5%
Genet absolute 2 8023-80-1 Spartium junceum L., fam. Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 0.01%
Cymbidium sinense flower headspace (China) Cymbidium sinense (Andr.) Willd., fam. Orchidaceae 17.18%
Passion fruit (China) 1 Passiflora edulis Sims, fam. Passifloraceae 3.1%
Lily-of-the-valley flower headspace Convallaria majalis L., fam. Liliaceae (Convallariaceae) 0.01%
Violet odorata flower headspace Viola odorata L., fam. Violaceae 8.24%
Basil (Turkey) 2a 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.16%
Basil (Turkey) 2b 8015-73-4 Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.09%
Viburnum orientale leaf Viburnum orientale Pallas, fam. Caprifoliaceae 0.05%
Lawsonia inermis flower 1a Lawsonia inermis L. (syn. L. alba Lam.), fam. Lythraceae 48.6%
Lawsonia inermis flower 1b Lawsonia inermis L. (syn. L. alba Lam.), fam. Lytraceae 2.5%
Fagraea berteriana flower Fagraea berteriana A. Gray ex Benth., fam. Potaliaceae 0.05%
Vassoura (Brazil) 3 Baccharis dracunculifolia DC., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.07%
Citron (Vietnam) peel 1a Citrus medica L., cultivar sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle, fam. Rutaceae 0.01%
Citron (Vietnam) peel 1b Citrus medica L., cultivar sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle, fam. Rutaceae 0.01%
Basil (Denmark) Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.12%