Palmitic Acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    57-10-3

    Molecular formula
    C16H32O2

    SMILES
    CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Retention indicies (RI)

    • DB5: 1965.43
    • Carbowax: 2911.29

  • Odor profile

    Waxy 81.4%
    Fatty 79.11%
    Oily 44.62%
    Creamy 32.87%
    Dairy 31.42%
    Odorless 27.67%
    Milky 26.53%
    Soapy 26.3%
    Coconut 23.51%
    Meaty 23.26%

    Scent© AI

    Odor threshold>

    • Odor Threshold Low: 10.0 [mmHg]. Odor threshold (detection) = 10 ppm
    • Aroma threshold values: Detection: 10 ppm

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    6.4

    Molecular weight
    256.42 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 61.8 °C
    • 62.49 °C
    • 63 °C

    Boiling point

    • 351.5 °C
    • 351-352 °C

    Flash point est.
    174.31 ˚C

    Solubility expt.

    • 0.04 mg/L (at 25 °C)
    • In water, 0.04 mg/L at 25 °C
    • Insoluble in water
    • Soluble in hot alcohol and ether
    • Soluble in ethanol, acetone, benzene; very soluble in chloroform; miscible with ethyl ether
    • Soluble in aromatic, chlorinated and oxygenated solvents
    • 4e-05 mg/mL
    • Solubility in water: none
    • practically insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform

  • Synonyms

    • palmitic acid
    • Hexadecanoic acid
    • 57-10-3
    • Cetylic acid
    • palmitate
    • n-Hexadecanoic acid
    • Hexadecylic acid
    • 1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
    • Hydrofol
    • n-Hexadecoic acid
    • Palmitinic acid
    • hexaectylic acid
    • Pentadecanecarboxylic acid
    • 1-Hexyldecanoic Acid
    • Industrene 4516
    • Emersol 140
    • Emersol 143
    • Hystrene 8016
    • Hystrene 9016
    • hexadecoic acid
    • Palmitinsaeure
    • Palmitic acid, pure
    • Palmitic acid 95%
    • Kortacid 1698
    • FEMA No. 2832
    • Loxiol EP 278
    • Palmitic acid (natural)
    • Hydrofol Acid 1690
    • Cetyl acid
    • Prifac 2960
    • C16:0
    • HSDB 5001
    • Pristerene 4934
    • Pristerene-4934
    • Edenor C16
    • NSC 5030
    • AI3-01594
    • Lunac P 95KC
    • Lunac P 95
    • Lunac P 98
    • CCRIS 5443
    • Prifac-2960
    • CHEBI:15756
    • NSC5030
    • NSC-5030
    • EINECS 200-312-9
    • MFCD00002747
    • UNII-2V16EO95H1
    • FA 16:0
    • BRN 0607489
    • Palmitic acid (NF)
    • DTXSID2021602
    • Glycon P-45
    • IMEX C 1498
    • Hexadecanoic--d5 Acid
    • 2V16EO95H1
    • Hexadecanoic acid (9CI)
    • Palmitic acid (7CI,8CI)
    • CHEMBL82293
    • DTXCID101602
    • 1219802-61-5
    • CH3-[CH2]14-COOH
    • EC 200-312-9
    • 4-02-00-01157 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • n-hexadecoate
    • LMFA01010001
    • PA 900
    • EDENOR C 16-98-100
    • FA 1695
    • SURFAXIN COMPONENT PALMITIC ACID
    • 1-hexyldecanoate
    • NCGC00164358-01
    • LUCINACTANT COMPONENT PALMITIC ACID
    • pentadecanecarboxylate
    • Hexadecanoic acid 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
    • HEXADECANOIC-11,11,12,12-D4 ACID
    • PALMITIC ACID (II)
    • PALMITIC ACID [II]
    • PALMITIC ACID (MART.)
    • PALMITIC ACID [MART.]
    • CH3-(CH2)14-COOH
    • Palmitic acid; Hexadecanoic acid
    • PLM
    • palmic acid
    • Hexadecanoate (n-C16:0)
    • PALMITIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH)
    • PALMITIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
    • Acid, Palmitic
    • CAS-57-10-3
    • Acid, Hexadecanoic
    • 200-312-9
    • HEXADECANOIC-9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,15,15,16,16,16-D17 ACID
    • SR-01000944716
    • Palmitic acid [USAN:NF]
    • palmitoate
    • Hexadecoate
    • Palmitinate
    • Palmitinsaure
    • palmitic-acid
    • palmitoic acid
    • Hexadecanoicacid
    • Aethalic acid
    • Hexadecanoic acid Palmitic acid
    • 2hmb
    • 2hnx
    • Palmitic acid_jeyam
    • n-Hexadecyclic Acid
    • fatty acid 16:0
    • Palmitic Acid, FCC
    • Kortacid 1695
    • Palmitic acid_RaGuSa
    • Univol U332
    • Prifrac 2960
    • Hexadecanoic acid anion
    • 3v2q
    • Palmitic acid (Standard)
    • Palmitic acid, >=99%
    • bmse000590
    • Epitope ID:141181
    • CETYL ACID [VANDF]
    • PALMITIC ACID [MI]
    • SCHEMBL6177
    • PALMITIC ACID [DSC]
    • PALMITIC ACID [FCC]
    • PALMITIC ACID [FHFI]
    • PALMITIC ACID [HSDB]
    • PALMITIC ACID [USAN]
    • FAT

  • Applications

    Palmitic acid (CAS 57-10-3) is a saturated C16 fatty acid employed as a versatile feedstock across industries: in food processing it is esterified into emulsifiers, flavor bases and antifoaming agents, and added to functional foods as an energy-rich supplement; in cosmetics and personal care its free acid, salts, esters and amides are integral to soaps, creams, lipsticks and surfactants, imparting emollient, thickening and stabilizing effects; in pharmaceuticals it serves as an excipient, tablet-coating agent and matrix for controlled-release microspheres; in industrial applications it is hydrogenated to C16 fatty alcohols and palmitates that act as lubricants, corrosion inhibitors, plasticizers, rubber additives, mold-release agents and premium candle waxes, while also featuring in metalworking fluids, textile finishing, surface coatings and as a biodiesel precursor.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 131.69
    methanol 99.33
    isopropanol 194.41
    water 0.01
    ethyl acetate 229.34
    n-propanol 150.09
    acetone 150.09
    n-butanol 168.64
    acetonitrile 50.37
    DMF 363.73
    toluene 82.82
    isobutanol 159.63
    1,4-dioxane 236.35
    methyl acetate 125.09
    THF 932.83
    2-butanone 236.45
    n-pentanol 154.23
    sec-butanol 178.83
    n-hexane 86.41
    ethylene glycol 6.24
    NMP 605.34
    cyclohexane 150.02
    DMSO 532.34
    n-butyl acetate 412.68
    n-octanol 122.93
    chloroform 405.62
    n-propyl acetate 350.06
    acetic acid 70.85
    dichloromethane 404.46
    cyclohexanone 666.11
    propylene glycol 31.78
    isopropyl acetate 271.1
    DMAc 441.27
    2-ethoxyethanol 222.76
    isopentanol 228.92
    n-heptane 66.92
    ethyl formate 101.27
    1,2-dichloroethane 380.2
    n-hexanol 171.09
    2-methoxyethanol 251.19
    isobutyl acetate 273.93
    tetrachloromethane 112.89
    n-pentyl acetate 427.31
    transcutol 909.93
    n-heptanol 123.13
    ethylbenzene 88.16
    MIBK 315.01
    2-propoxyethanol 289.96
    tert-butanol 310.4
    MTBE 359.44
    2-butoxyethanol 276.51
    propionic acid 102.5
    o-xylene 88.55
    formic acid 12.38
    diethyl ether 231.73
    m-xylene 90.04
    p-xylene 124.17
    chlorobenzene 145.88
    dimethyl carbonate 45.18
    n-octane 26.74
    formamide 26.04
    cyclopentanone 692.77
    2-pentanone 306.25
    anisole 177.72
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 492.4
    gamma-butyrolactone 553.87
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 316.13
    pyridine 243.16
    3-pentanone 200.58
    furfural 359.12
    n-dodecane 13.92
    diethylene glycol 99.79
    diisopropyl ether 141.41
    tert-amyl alcohol 287.07
    acetylacetone 302.26
    n-hexadecane 17.07
    acetophenone 220.09
    methyl propionate 167.22
    isopentyl acetate 425.44
    trichloroethylene 521.74
    n-nonanol 122.98
    cyclohexanol 274.97
    benzyl alcohol 119.49
    2-ethylhexanol 173.53
    isooctanol 142.11
    dipropyl ether 353.73
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 190.38
    ethyl lactate 121.78
    propylene carbonate 310.73
    n-methylformamide 94.68
    2-pentanol 174.12
    n-pentane 43.66
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 342.11
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 335.18
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 228.6
    mesitylene 82.91
    ε-caprolactone 524.91
    p-cymene 85.32
    epichlorohydrin 582.95
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 373.02
    2-aminoethanol 40.24
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 426.88
    sulfolane 1050.74
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 35.57
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 623.79
    n-hexyl acetate 401.73
    isooctane 28.76
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 328.24
    sec-butyl acetate 303.2
    tert-butyl acetate 415.22
    decalin 65.36
    glycerin 44.44
    diglyme 644.68
    acrylic acid 53.21
    isopropyl myristate 157.2
    n-butyric acid 279.5
    acetyl acetate 117.67
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 105.66
    ethyl propionate 268.44
    nitromethane 141.46
    1,2-diethoxyethane 431.28
    benzonitrile 139.91
    trioctyl phosphate 92.92
    1-bromopropane 293.94
    gamma-valerolactone 753.29
    n-decanol 84.28
    triethyl phosphate 158.63
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 138.52
    propionitrile 88.01
    vinylene carbonate 188.74
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 352.51
    DMS 160.81
    cumene 79.74
    2-octanol 119.78
    2-hexanone 349.68
    octyl acetate 175.95
    limonene 166.97
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 499.87
    ethyl orthosilicate 164.33
    tributyl phosphate 126.93
    diacetone alcohol 377.02
    N,N-dimethylaniline 154.02
    acrylonitrile 78.95
    aniline 99.29
    1,3-propanediol 94.14
    bromobenzene 173.42
    dibromomethane 312.37
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 609.6
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 315.84
    tetrabutyl urea 188.59
    diisobutyl methanol 137.56
    2-phenylethanol 135.83
    styrene 98.28
    dioctyl adipate 223.06
    dimethyl sulfate 128.66
    ethyl butyrate 354.76
    methyl lactate 85.8
    butyl lactate 254.65
    diethyl carbonate 164.17
    propanediol butyl ether 211.48
    triethyl orthoformate 277.38
    p-tert-butyltoluene 87.74
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 257.42
    morpholine 432.31
    tert-butylamine 231.23
    n-dodecanol 60.81
    dimethoxymethane 215.28
    ethylene carbonate 183.14
    cyrene 220.31
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 338.88
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 350.85
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 226.06
    4-methylpyridine 269.58
    dibutyl ether 336.9
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 137.56
    DEF 375.54
    dimethyl isosorbide 498.2
    tetrachloroethylene 356.57
    eugenol 202.32
    triacetin 323.07
    span 80 239.83
    1,4-butanediol 38.95
    1,1-dichloroethane 300.21
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 171.82
    methyl formate 50.54
    2-methyl-1-butanol 182.37
    n-decane 33.11
    butyronitrile 153.9
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 153.04
    1-chlorooctane 146.67
    1-chlorotetradecane 46.05
    n-nonane 34.48
    undecane 20.18
    tert-butylcyclohexane 58.52
    cyclooctane 41.86
    cyclopentanol 277.71
    tetrahydropyran 518.94
    tert-amyl methyl ether 299.01
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 383.18
    1-hexene 189.72
    2-isopropoxyethanol 221.69
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 27.53
    methyl butyrate 392.76

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Amomum koenigii Amomum koenigii J.F. Gmelin, fam. Zingiberaceae 1.9%
Amomum muricarpum Amomum muricarpum Elm, fam. Zingiberaceae 2.2%
Fissitigma shangtzeense, flower extract Fissitigma shangtzeense Tsiang et P.T. Li, fam. Annonaceae 4.8%
Genet absolute 1 8023-80-1 Spartium junceum L., fam. Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 14.0%
Lily headspace Lilium candidum L., fam. Liliaceae 2.5%
Narcissus tazetta absolute 2 8023-75-4 Narcissus tazetta L., fam. Amaryllidaceae 8.8%
Osmanthus absolute 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 8.6%
Parsley absolute (Egypt) 8000-68-8 Petroselinum crispum (Miller) A.W. Hill (P. sativum Hoffm.), fam. Apiaceae 10.14%
Apple flower Malus arnoldiana (Rehd) Sarg. var. Redgold, fam. Rosaceae 3.82%
Saffron 1 8022-19-3 Crocus sativus L., fam. Iridaceae 0.1%
Melittis melissophyllum Melittis melissophylum L., ssp. albida Guss, fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 1.6%
Hedychium coronarium flower (Japan) Hedychium coronarium Koenig, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.84%
Guava fruit (Nigeria) 91770-12-6 Psidium guajava L., fam. Myrtaceae 1.21%
Ambrette seed (China) 8015-62-1 Hibiscus abelmoschus L. (Abelmoschus moschatus Moench), fam. Malvaceae 0.71%
Osmanthus concrete 1 (China) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans, variety Thunbergii (Mak.), fam. Oleaceae 4.2%
Osmanthus concrete 2 (China) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans, variety Latifolius Mak., fam. Oleaceae 1.4%
Osmanthus concrete 3 (China) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans, variety Aurantiacus (Mak.), fam. Oleaceae 3.7%
Osmanthus concentrate 1 (Sukhumi-Abkhasia) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 0.84%
Osmanthus concentrate 2 (Sukhumi-Abkhasia) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 0.71%
Thyme 3 8007-46-3 Thymus vulgaris L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.14%
Thyme 4 8007-46-3 Thymus vulgaris L., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 5.98%
Ambrette seed 2 8015-62-1 Hibiscus abelmoschus L. (Abelmoschus moschatus Moench), fam. Malvaceae 1.4%
Ambrette seed 4 8015-62-1 Hibiscus abelmoschus L. (Abelmoschus moschatus Moench), fam. Malvaceae 2.1%
Ambrette seed 3 8015-62-1 Hibiscus abelmoschus L. (Abelmoschus moschatus Moench), fam. Malvaceae 1.0%
Grape flower 84929-27-1 Vitis vinifera L., ssp. Gruener Veltliner, fam. Vitaceae 0.9%
Angelica root (Finland) 4 8015-64-3 Angelica archangelica L. var. archangelica, fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 1.1%
Angelica root (Finland) 3 8015-64-3 Angelica archangelica L. var. sativa, fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.45%
Agarwood smoke 1 Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., fam. Thymelaeaceae 1.42%
Rhus coriaria Rhus coriaria L., fam. Anarcadiaceae 2.5%
Violet odorata leaf 1 8024-08-6 Viola odorata L., fam. Violaceae 8.5%
Osmanthus headspace (flowers) (China) 2 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., var. thunbergii Makino, fam. Oleaceae 0.1%
Betel leaf Kapoori (India) 2 Piper betle L. var. Kapoori, fam. Piperaceae 0.41%
Genet absolute 2 8023-80-1 Spartium junceum L., fam. Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 24.0%
Illicium simonsii fruit (China) Illicium simonsii Maxim., fam. Magnoliaceae (Illiciaceae) 0.1%
Elaeagnus angustifolia flower absolute (China) Elaeagnus angustifolia L., fam. Elaeagnaceae 4.64%
Zanthoxylum bungeanum (China) Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., fam. Rutaceae 4.93%
Litchi pulp (China) Lichi sinensis Sonn., fam. Sapindaceae 2.77%
Jasmine (China) 1 8022-96-6 Jasminum officinale var. grandiflorum L., fam. Oleaceae 0.71%
Orthodon calveriei (Vietnam) Orthodon calveriei Level. (Mosla calveriei), fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.4%
Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Vietnam) 1a Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Nees, fam. Lauraceae 0.6%
Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Vietnam) 1b Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Nees, fam. Lauraceae 0.05%
Geum montanum root Geum montanum L., fam. Rosaceae 1.25%
Zingiber zerumbet (Vietnam) 2c flower Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm., fam. Zingiberaceae 4.4%
Nicotiana forgetiana flower Nicotiana forgetiana Hort. ex Hensley (subgenus Petunioides), Solanaceae 1.11%
Curcuma pierreana (Vietnam), 1a rhizome Curcuma pierreana Gagnep., fam. Zingiberaceae 2.8%
Curcuma pierreana (Vietnam), 1b stem Curcuma pierreana Gagnep., fam. Zingiberaceae 1.8%
Curcuma pierreana (Vietnam), 1c leaf Curcuma pierreana Gagnep., fam. Zingiberaceae 0.5%
Ageratum houstonianum (India) Ageratum houstonianum Mill., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.01%
Averrhoa bilimbi fruit (Malaysia) Averrhoa bilimbi L., fam. Oxalidaceae 20.4%
Rhubarb root Rheum palmatum L., fam. Polygonaceae 22.5%