gamma-Butyrolactone

Overview IFRA Botanical Request a quote

  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    96-48-0

    Molecular formula
    C4H6O2

    SMILES
    C1CC(=O)OC1

    Safety labels

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Retention indicies (RI)

    • DB5: 870.0
    • Carbowax: 1630.5

  • Odor profile

    Fatty 62.12%
    Oily 58.48%
    Coconut 58.35%
    Buttery 55.97%
    Coumarinic 54.23%
    Creamy 53.31%
    Nutty 52.34%
    Sweet 49.78%
    Caramellic 48.91%
    Lactonic 45.97%

    Scent© AI

    Odor threshold>

    • Aroma threshols values: Detection: 20 to 50 ppm.

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -0.6

    Molecular weight
    86.09 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Moderately fast

    Melting point expt.

    • -49 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • -43.53 °C
    • -45 °C
    • -44 °C

    Boiling point

    • 399 to 401 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
    • 204 °C at 760 mm Hg
    • 204.00 to 205.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
    • 204 °C

    Flash point est.
    61.14 ˚C

    Flash point expt.

    • 209 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 209 °F
    • 209 °F (OPEN CUP)
    • 209 °F (98 °C) (open cup)
    • 98 °C c.c.

    Solubility expt.

    • greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 55 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • Miscible with alcohol and ether.
    • Very soluble in acetone, benzene, diethyl ether, and ethanol.
    • Miscible with water. Soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, benzene.
    • 1000.0 mg/mL
    • Solubility in water: very soluble
    • soluble in water; miscible with alcohol

  • Synonyms

    • gamma-Butyrolactone
    • 96-48-0
    • BUTYROLACTONE
    • dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    • 4-Butyrolactone
    • 4-Butanolide
    • 1,4-Butanolide
    • 2-Oxolanone
    • 4-Hydroxybutyric acid lactone
    • 4-Deoxytetronic acid
    • Butyrylactone
    • 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-
    • Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    • 1,2-Butanolide
    • Butyryl lactone
    • Butyric acid lactone
    • oxolan-2-one
    • Tetrahydro-2-furanone
    • g-Butyrolactone
    • BLON
    • gamma-BL
    • 4-Hydroxybutanoic acid lactone
    • Dihydro-2-furanone
    • 1,4-Lactone
    • Agrisynth BLO
    • gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid lactone
    • gamma-Hydroxybutyrolactone
    • 2-Oxotetrahydrofuran
    • .gamma.-Butyrolactone
    • NCI-C55878
    • gamma-6480
    • GBL
    • FEMA No. 3291
    • 1-Oxacyclopentan-2-one
    • gamma Butyrolactone
    • gamma-Butyrolactone-13C4
    • NSC 4592
    • gamma-Butanolactone
    • gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid cyclic ester
    • 1,4-Butyrolactone
    • .gamma.-BL
    • Butyric acid, 4-hydroxy-, gamma-lactone
    • .gamma.-6480
    • BLO
    • .gamma.-Hydroxybutyrolactone
    • OL659KIY4X
    • DTXSID6020224
    • CHEBI:42639
    • .gamma.-Hydroxybutyric acid lactone
    • Butyrolactone-d6
    • NSC-4592
    • 4-Hydroxybutyric acid, .gamma.-lactone
    • .gamma.-Hydroxybutyric acid cyclic ester
    • 4-Hydroxybutanoic acid, .gamma.-lactone
    • Gammabutyrolactone (GBL)
    • gama-Butyrolactone
    • DTXCID80224
    • No Go
    • Caswell No. 132B
    • gamma-Butalactone
    • gamma-butyrolacton
    • Paint Clean G
    • CAS-96-48-0
    • 31213-03-3
    • gamma-Butyryllactone
    • gamma-Butyrolactone (natural)
    • CCRIS 2924
    • gamma-Butyrolactone; GBL; Gammabutyrolactone
    • tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    • HSDB 4290
    • EINECS 202-509-5
    • UNII-OL659KIY4X
    • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 122303
    • Revivarant
    • Remforce
    • 4 Hydroxybutyric Acid Lactone
    • Butanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, gamma-lactone
    • g-Butalactone
    • 4-butanolactone
    • AI3-28121
    • g-Butyryllactone
    • GH Revitalizer
    • Blue Nitro
    • gammabutyrolactone
    • tetrahydrofuranone
    • 4-Deoxytetronate
    • C-1070
    • Dihyro-2-furanone
    • dihydrofuran-2-one
    • gamma-butyro-lactone
    • NIH 10540
    • dihydro-furan-2-one
    • .alpha.-Butyrolactone
    • .gamma.-Butanolactone
    • 2(3H)-dihydrofuranone
    • 1-Oxacyclopentane-2-one
    • WLN: T5OVTJ
    • BUTYROLACTONE [MI]
    • EC 202-509-5
    • BUTYROLACTONE [VANDF]
    • Dynasolve 699 (Salt/Mix)
    • g-Hydroxybutyric acid lactone
    • CHEMBL95681
    • Dihydro-(3 H)-furan-2-one
    • Butyric acid, .gamma.-lactone
    • BUTYROLACTONE [WHO-DD]
    • GTPL5462
    • Butanoic acid, .gamma.-lactone
    • 4,5-Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    • GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE [FCC]
    • NSC4592
    • 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-2-furanone
    • 4-hydroxy-Butanoic acid g-lactone
    • GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE [HSDB]
    • GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE [IARC]
    • CDA56865
    • Gamma-Lactone 4-hydroxybutyric acid
    • YIB48692
    • ZYB44194
    • .gamma.-Hydrooxybutyric acid lactone
    • gamma-Butyrolactone, >=99% (GC)
    • Tox21_200490
    • Tox21_300188
    • Gamma-Lactone 4-hydroxy-butyric acid
    • Gamma-Lactone 4-hydroxybutanoic acid
    • LBG 11785
    • LMFA07040004
    • MFCD00005386

  • Applications

    4-Hydroxybutanoic acid lactone (GBL, CAS 96-48-0) is a highly polar solvent widely applied in electronic cleaning and industrial degreasing, a key intermediate for making N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, other pyrrolidones, PBT and polyurethane polymers, a starting material in pharmaceutical, flavor and agrochemical synthesis, an electrolyte additive for lithium batteries, a viscosity modifier in paints, inks, paint strippers and extraction solvent in analytical science, while being strictly regulated because it can bioconvert to GHB and thus has potential for misuse.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 768.24
    methanol 1569.84
    isopropanol 455.55
    water 348.04
    ethyl acetate 149.87
    n-propanol 370.26
    acetone 446.02
    n-butanol 321.61
    acetonitrile 553.87
    DMF 794.27
    toluene 56.43
    isobutanol 280.52
    1,4-dioxane 299.69
    methyl acetate 246.9
    THF 271.98
    2-butanone 246.98
    n-pentanol 245.03
    sec-butanol 298.76
    n-hexane 14.5
    ethylene glycol 402.16
    NMP 591.36
    cyclohexane 10.18
    DMSO 734.41
    n-butyl acetate 102.82
    n-octanol 136.77
    chloroform 523.75
    n-propyl acetate 132.0
    acetic acid 1808.04
    dichloromethane 575.49
    cyclohexanone 243.96
    propylene glycol 346.83
    isopropyl acetate 94.53
    DMAc 642.92
    2-ethoxyethanol 458.66
    isopentanol 284.37
    n-heptane 8.87
    ethyl formate 231.35
    1,2-dichloroethane 230.34
    n-hexanol 133.58
    2-methoxyethanol 686.31
    isobutyl acetate 77.04
    tetrachloromethane 57.89
    n-pentyl acetate 101.31
    transcutol 1142.94
    n-heptanol 92.13
    ethylbenzene 48.37
    MIBK 116.32
    2-propoxyethanol 280.25
    tert-butanol 412.47
    MTBE 171.69
    2-butoxyethanol 214.69
    propionic acid 505.01
    o-xylene 56.68
    formic acid 1404.61
    diethyl ether 119.39
    m-xylene 47.35
    p-xylene 78.74
    chlorobenzene 134.09
    dimethyl carbonate 95.77
    n-octane 5.76
    formamide 1262.01
    cyclopentanone 319.07
    2-pentanone 156.24
    anisole 162.14
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 108.31
    gamma-butyrolactone 453.31
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 413.88
    pyridine 327.01
    3-pentanone 98.26
    furfural 609.65
    n-dodecane 6.98
    diethylene glycol 333.05
    diisopropyl ether 35.94
    tert-amyl alcohol 334.91
    acetylacetone 193.82
    n-hexadecane 7.33
    acetophenone 192.97
    methyl propionate 143.45
    isopentyl acetate 98.25
    trichloroethylene 489.67
    n-nonanol 106.96
    cyclohexanol 167.01
    benzyl alcohol 228.02
    2-ethylhexanol 77.31
    isooctanol 80.28
    dipropyl ether 50.88
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 139.91
    ethyl lactate 111.43
    propylene carbonate 236.78
    n-methylformamide 663.31
    2-pentanol 185.68
    n-pentane 14.11
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 174.93
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 109.85
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 244.79
    mesitylene 31.64
    ε-caprolactone 246.69
    p-cymene 32.67
    epichlorohydrin 387.72
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 145.46
    2-aminoethanol 540.18
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 599.49
    sulfolane 474.19
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 13.34
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 214.82
    n-hexyl acetate 169.3
    isooctane 8.18
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 340.42
    sec-butyl acetate 78.04
    tert-butyl acetate 103.01
    decalin 11.94
    glycerin 480.54
    diglyme 503.32
    acrylic acid 634.2
    isopropyl myristate 55.49
    n-butyric acid 417.59
    acetyl acetate 131.22
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 86.76
    ethyl propionate 99.76
    nitromethane 1389.85
    1,2-diethoxyethane 172.36
    benzonitrile 243.0
    trioctyl phosphate 53.76
    1-bromopropane 108.56
    gamma-valerolactone 489.91
    n-decanol 76.03
    triethyl phosphate 53.29
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 114.16
    propionitrile 247.18
    vinylene carbonate 300.08
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 489.77
    DMS 136.12
    cumene 44.28
    2-octanol 74.19
    2-hexanone 142.25
    octyl acetate 79.73
    limonene 43.69
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 412.5
    ethyl orthosilicate 49.07
    tributyl phosphate 71.45
    diacetone alcohol 198.69
    N,N-dimethylaniline 130.35
    acrylonitrile 411.66
    aniline 168.35
    1,3-propanediol 521.65
    bromobenzene 106.62
    dibromomethane 286.21
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 336.32
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 81.66
    tetrabutyl urea 98.63
    diisobutyl methanol 47.89
    2-phenylethanol 132.38
    styrene 70.45
    dioctyl adipate 95.16
    dimethyl sulfate 179.05
    ethyl butyrate 82.48
    methyl lactate 161.93
    butyl lactate 121.47
    diethyl carbonate 69.12
    propanediol butyl ether 320.23
    triethyl orthoformate 66.08
    p-tert-butyltoluene 29.65
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 162.01
    morpholine 368.46
    tert-butylamine 230.99
    n-dodecanol 54.91
    dimethoxymethane 250.86
    ethylene carbonate 193.6
    cyrene 201.1
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 151.04
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 71.16
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 175.43
    4-methylpyridine 304.42
    dibutyl ether 82.81
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 47.89
    DEF 254.52
    dimethyl isosorbide 239.4
    tetrachloroethylene 251.51
    eugenol 204.64
    triacetin 196.49
    span 80 197.57
    1,4-butanediol 281.49
    1,1-dichloroethane 218.47
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 225.88
    methyl formate 431.71
    2-methyl-1-butanol 269.27
    n-decane 10.66
    butyronitrile 238.45
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 121.79
    1-chlorooctane 47.54
    1-chlorotetradecane 19.01
    n-nonane 10.05
    undecane 8.33
    tert-butylcyclohexane 13.07
    cyclooctane 4.31
    cyclopentanol 211.19
    tetrahydropyran 160.78
    tert-amyl methyl ether 132.09
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 353.4
    1-hexene 58.17
    2-isopropoxyethanol 268.95
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 542.47
    methyl butyrate 158.17

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Osmanthus headspace (picked flowers) 2 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 4.42%
Averrhoa bilimbi fruit (Malaysia) Averrhoa bilimbi L., fam. Oxalidaceae 0.1%
Zizyphus jujuba fruit (Malaysia) Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. inermis, fam. Rhamnaceae 0.37%
Tulip sylvestre Tulipa sylvestris L., fam. Liliaceae 0.98%
Tamarind 3 fruit Tamarindus indica L., fam. Leguminosae 0.1%
Guava fruit headspace (Reunion island) 91770-12-6 Psidium guajava L., fam. Myrtaceae 7.6%
Chicory root, roasted 2 68650-43-1 Cichorium intybus L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.65%
Chicory root, roasted 1a 68650-43-1 Cichorium intybus L., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.07%
Carob bean powder 2a raw 9000-40-2 Ceratonia siliqua L., fam. Leguminoseae 0.01%
Carob bean powder 2b roasted 9000-40-2 Ceratonia siliqua L., fam. Leguminoseae 0.01%
Pineapple pulp Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., fam. Bromeliaceae 1.0%