Geraniol Aroma Chemical
CAS# 106-24-1

Geraniol-often likened to the “soul” of rose scent in the world of perfumery-(chemical name: (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol) is one of the most classic and essential fragrance molecules. Although it is sometimes referenced by the older, now rarely used name “Lemonol,” the term Geraniol remains the most common, referring to a clear to pale-yellow oily liquid with the characteristic soft, sweet aroma of rose petals. Its modern history is commonly traced to 1871, when the chemist Jacobsen first successfully isolated it in pure form from palmarosa essential oil, laying a cornerstone for the development of terpene chemistry.

In nature, Geraniol is a major constituent-typically 70% to 85%-of palmarosa essential oil, and it is also found in rose oil, Java citronella, and geranium. To meet large-scale demand at a stable cost, Geraniol is now widely produced industrially, commonly via synthesis from myrcene (derived from turpentine) or from citral. Thanks to these advantages, it has become a core material for recreating rose accords in perfumery, cosmetics, and flavor and fragrance applications, and it is also used effectively as a natural mosquito repellent.

Description

Belonging to the Floral family with an unmistakably rose-like character, Geraniol typically appears in the top or heart depending on the volatility of surrounding materials. With a sweet, warm, gently blooming-rose nuance, it feels fresher and less waxy than its close relative citronellol, while carrying a subtle fruity facet. Because of this, Geraniol is valued as both a modifier and a blending agent, often considered a key building block for bringing a natural “lifelike” quality to rose and geranium compositions.

It can soften harsh edges and provide support for fruity notes such as peach and raspberry. Its odor impact is medium in intensity, and its substantivity on a blotter is around 24 hours-slightly less persistent than citronellol, yet still long-lasting enough to make a clear impression. Among perfumers, the combination of Geraniol + Citronellol + Phenylethyl Alcohol (PEA) is celebrated as a classic trio that forms a fundamental rose structure, where the blending ratio determines whether the final profile feels more natural, powdery, or dry. Practically, because Geraniol dissolves well in alcohol and carrier oils, it is commonly used as a 100% neat material and rarely needs pre-dilution, except when extremely low dosages are required.

Applications

Highly versatile, Geraniol is a key component in most floral perfumes, especially rose. It is also widely used in bar soap, shower gels, and laundry detergents due to its excellent stability in alkaline environments. In the food and beverage sector, it contributes fruity flavor impressions such as lemon, pineapple, and raspberry in confectionery and soft drinks. Beyond scent and flavor, Geraniol is also well known for its effectiveness as a natural mosquito repellent. Its presence is evident in notable fragrances such as Joy by Jean Patou (famous for its substantial natural rose materials), Chloé Eau de Parfum with its modern radiant floral character, and Tea Rose by Perfumer’s Workshop with its classic realistic rose signature.

In his well-known reference work (entry No. 1362), Steffen Arctander described Geraniol as sweet, warm, and smooth, leaving a persistent rose-waxy impression in the drydown. He noted it as one of the most frequently used terpenoid compounds, responsible for the sweet heart of rose notes and useful as a modifier in peony, lily-of-the-valley, and sweet pea accords. However, because Geraniol is included among the EU’s 26 allergens that require mandatory labeling when exceeding regulated thresholds (0.001% for leave-on products and 0.01% for rinse-off products), its use must comply strictly with IFRA guidance. Under the 51st Amendment, the indicative maximum level for fine fragrance sprays is around 4.7% to 5%, while rinse-off products may allow 5% to 10%-though in practice, it is often used at lower levels due to its strong odor. For best quality, Geraniol should be stored in a tightly sealed container, protected from direct light and high temperatures to minimize oxidation.