Germacrone

Overview IFRA Botanical Request a quote

  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    6902-91-6

    Molecular formula
    C15H22O

    SMILES
    C/C/1=C\CC(=C(C)C)C(=O)C/C(=C/CC1)/C

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Retention indicies (RI)

    • DB5: 1696.25
    • Carbowax: 2212.0

  • Odor profile

    Herbal 75.08%
    Mint 73.09%
    Spicy 50.19%
    Camphoreous 46.24%
    Woody 45.25%
    Tobacco 43.44%
    Fresh 40.0%
    Citrus 39.56%
    Sweet 37.13%
    Phenolic 33.97%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    3.5

    Molecular weight
    218.33 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    320°C

    Flash point est.
    120.25 ˚C

  • Synonyms

    • Germacrone
    • 6902-91-6
    • Germacron
    • (3E,7E)-3,7-Dimethyl-10-(propan-2-ylidene)cyclodeca-3,7-dienone
    • E2WQ6N4FBP
    • (E,E)-Germacrone
    • CHEBI:80830
    • (3E,7E)-3,7-dimethyl-10-propan-2-ylidenecyclodeca-3,7-dien-1-one
    • Germacrone (>90%)
    • 3,7-Cyclodecadien-1-one, 3,7-dimethyl-10-(1-methylethylidene)-, (E,E)-
    • (E,E)-Germacra-3,7(11),9-trien-6-one
    • Germacra-3,7(11),9-trien-6-one, (E,E)-
    • trans,trans-3,7-dimethyl-10-isopropylidene-3,7-cyclodecadien-1-one
    • (3E,7E)-3,7-DIMETHYL-10-(1-METHYLETHYLIDENE)-3,7-CYCLODECADIEN-1-ONE
    • MFCD00210050
    • Germacrone (Standard)
    • UNII-E2WQ6N4FBP
    • Germacrone, analytical standard
    • SCHEMBL2551615
    • SCHEMBL14215872
    • HY-N0440R
    • (3E,7E)-3,7-DIMETHYL-10-(PROPAN-2-YLIDENE)CYCLODECA-3,7-DIEN-1-ONE
    • CAULGCQHVOVVRN-SWZPTJTJSA-N
    • CAULGCQHVOVVRN-UPAULDTKSA-N
    • DTXCID601527534
    • HY-N0440
    • s9311
    • AKOS016009673
    • CCG-266711
    • FG41654
    • NCGC00482596-01
    • AC-34324
    • CS-0008961
    • G0519
    • C16966
    • Q15410959
    • 834-535-3

  • Applications

    Germacrone (CAS 6902-91-6) is a monocyclic sesquiterpene abundant in Curcuma essential oils (notably Curcuma zedoaria) whose applications center on preclinical research, where it is investigated for broad bioactivities including anti-inflammatory effects (modulating TLR4/NF-κB and mediators such as NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6), antibacterial/antifungal, antiviral, and antitumor actions via apoptosis induction, PI3K/Akt–MAPK regulation, and EMT suppression; due to poor aqueous solubility it serves as a model payload in drug-delivery studies (nano/liposome/cyclodextrin) and in synergy assays with chemotherapeutics; additionally, germacrone is used as an analytical reference in HPLC/GC–MS for quality control of Curcuma materials, as a chemotaxonomic/biosynthetic marker, and as a contributor to aroma and bioactivity in essential-oil-based cosmetics/aromatherapy, while also being explored as a plant-derived bioactive for crop protection; note it is not an approved medicine and is primarily for research use.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 194.93
    methanol 159.88
    isopropanol 192.53
    water 0.27
    ethyl acetate 190.65
    n-propanol 203.32
    acetone 214.35
    n-butanol 242.79
    acetonitrile 185.79
    DMF 286.3
    toluene 293.68
    isobutanol 168.78
    1,4-dioxane 586.41
    methyl acetate 177.45
    THF 716.54
    2-butanone 251.42
    n-pentanol 182.04
    sec-butanol 211.05
    n-hexane 87.24
    ethylene glycol 17.21
    NMP 341.78
    cyclohexane 161.27
    DMSO 141.61
    n-butyl acetate 267.25
    n-octanol 154.2
    chloroform 987.18
    n-propyl acetate 161.07
    acetic acid 129.76
    dichloromethane 637.66
    cyclohexanone 450.43
    propylene glycol 53.93
    isopropyl acetate 135.65
    DMAc 265.05
    2-ethoxyethanol 137.47
    isopentanol 218.54
    n-heptane 70.63
    ethyl formate 144.59
    1,2-dichloroethane 324.87
    n-hexanol 281.53
    2-methoxyethanol 197.12
    isobutyl acetate 131.79
    tetrachloromethane 143.22
    n-pentyl acetate 164.89
    transcutol 530.79
    n-heptanol 154.83
    ethylbenzene 188.98
    MIBK 145.64
    2-propoxyethanol 253.17
    tert-butanol 234.26
    MTBE 211.42
    2-butoxyethanol 195.02
    propionic acid 117.23
    o-xylene 169.0
    formic acid 25.7
    diethyl ether 238.12
    m-xylene 193.23
    p-xylene 229.13
    chlorobenzene 314.14
    dimethyl carbonate 57.92
    n-octane 30.49
    formamide 48.69
    cyclopentanone 414.98
    2-pentanone 212.65
    anisole 231.11
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 299.58
    gamma-butyrolactone 361.28
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 184.84
    pyridine 465.07
    3-pentanone 168.67
    furfural 330.26
    n-dodecane 22.48
    diethylene glycol 114.1
    diisopropyl ether 87.26
    tert-amyl alcohol 216.25
    acetylacetone 176.05
    n-hexadecane 26.33
    acetophenone 208.8
    methyl propionate 136.33
    isopentyl acetate 233.99
    trichloroethylene 669.39
    n-nonanol 138.72
    cyclohexanol 281.38
    benzyl alcohol 192.46
    2-ethylhexanol 186.57
    isooctanol 124.06
    dipropyl ether 197.87
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 253.77
    ethyl lactate 81.07
    propylene carbonate 257.75
    n-methylformamide 97.07
    2-pentanol 178.02
    n-pentane 70.63
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 240.36
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 203.04
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 199.72
    mesitylene 122.07
    ε-caprolactone 343.93
    p-cymene 130.14
    epichlorohydrin 412.97
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 401.85
    2-aminoethanol 62.94
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 319.58
    sulfolane 299.02
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 33.9
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 487.03
    n-hexyl acetate 248.32
    isooctane 27.4
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 251.96
    sec-butyl acetate 132.02
    tert-butyl acetate 156.33
    decalin 71.7
    glycerin 58.6
    diglyme 387.67
    acrylic acid 88.67
    isopropyl myristate 114.08
    n-butyric acid 224.05
    acetyl acetate 128.48
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 116.86
    ethyl propionate 139.22
    nitromethane 171.92
    1,2-diethoxyethane 251.88
    benzonitrile 258.32
    trioctyl phosphate 78.65
    1-bromopropane 304.13
    gamma-valerolactone 448.17
    n-decanol 102.18
    triethyl phosphate 103.0
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 109.28
    propionitrile 192.24
    vinylene carbonate 225.62
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 220.88
    DMS 141.95
    cumene 128.73
    2-octanol 118.95
    2-hexanone 198.07
    octyl acetate 137.92
    limonene 174.51
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 310.5
    ethyl orthosilicate 103.52
    tributyl phosphate 92.87
    diacetone alcohol 168.88
    N,N-dimethylaniline 170.63
    acrylonitrile 180.4
    aniline 249.27
    1,3-propanediol 112.12
    bromobenzene 343.35
    dibromomethane 505.89
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 553.79
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 197.35
    tetrabutyl urea 119.77
    diisobutyl methanol 108.34
    2-phenylethanol 234.31
    styrene 211.43
    dioctyl adipate 159.92
    dimethyl sulfate 74.12
    ethyl butyrate 184.11
    methyl lactate 68.55
    butyl lactate 135.81
    diethyl carbonate 133.54
    propanediol butyl ether 174.39
    triethyl orthoformate 148.37
    p-tert-butyltoluene 122.86
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 189.64
    morpholine 593.07
    tert-butylamine 183.57
    n-dodecanol 81.2
    dimethoxymethane 183.5
    ethylene carbonate 189.79
    cyrene 183.23
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 188.7
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 199.56
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 303.44
    4-methylpyridine 471.8
    dibutyl ether 174.53
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 108.34
    DEF 202.7
    dimethyl isosorbide 338.12
    tetrachloroethylene 340.37
    eugenol 181.89
    triacetin 178.56
    span 80 204.62
    1,4-butanediol 52.04
    1,1-dichloroethane 371.21
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 193.67
    methyl formate 80.45
    2-methyl-1-butanol 209.49
    n-decane 40.18
    butyronitrile 269.44
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 141.36
    1-chlorooctane 121.85
    1-chlorotetradecane 52.52
    n-nonane 39.01
    undecane 28.96
    tert-butylcyclohexane 63.21
    cyclooctane 52.52
    cyclopentanol 229.93
    tetrahydropyran 633.71
    tert-amyl methyl ether 165.43
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 277.48
    1-hexene 211.53
    2-isopropoxyethanol 122.28
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 41.7
    methyl butyrate 186.26

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Amomum muricarpum Amomum muricarpum Elm, fam. Zingiberaceae 1.2%
Pimpinella saxifraga root Pimpinella saxifraga L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 2.25%
Zdravets Geranium macrorrhizum L., fam. Geraniaceae 50.0%
Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Indonesia) Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., fam. Zingiberaceae 3.7%
Turmeric (Indonesia) 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L. (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 0.01%
Curcuma aromatica (Indonesia) Curcuma aromatica Salisb., fam. Zingiberaceae 2.4%
Curcuma aeruginosa (Indonesia) Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., fam. Zingiberaceae 2.0%
Curcuma heyneana (Indonesia) Curcuma heyneana Val., fam. Zingiberaceae 0.8%
Curcuma pierreana (Vietnam), 1a rhizome Curcuma pierreana Gagnep., fam. Zingiberaceae 0.3%
Schinus molle leaf (Uruguay) Schinus molle L., fam. Anacardiaceae 0.75%
Schinus lentiscifolius leaf (Uruguay) Schinus lentiscifolius (L.) March, fam. Anacardiaceae 7.86%
Eugenia uniflora leaf (Brazil) 1 Eugenia uniflora L. (E. michelii Lam., E. pitanga (Berg), fam. Myrtaceae 1.72%
Curcuma aromatica (India) 1 petiole Curcuma aromatica Salisb., fam. Zingiberaceae 0.2%
Santolina chamaecyparisus ssp. squarrosa Santolina chamaecyparisus L. ssp. squarrosa, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.2%
Flourensia oolepsis Flourensia oolepsis S.L. Blake, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 4.6%
Curcuma ochrorhiza Curcuma ochrorhiza Val., fam. Zingiberaceae 9.6%
Curcuma aeruginosa (Malaysia) 1 Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., fam. Zingiberaceae 2.7%
Curcuma aromatica (India) 2a leaf Curcuma aromatica Salisb., fam. Zingiberaceae 1.2%
Curcuma aromatica (India) 2b rhizome Curcuma aromatica Salisb., fam. Zingiberaceae 0.5%
Magnolia grandiflora flower (India) 93062-76-1 Magnolia grandiflora L., fam. Magnoliaceae 2.2%
Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Malaysia) Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., fam. Zingiberaceae 5.2%
Curcuma aeruginosa (Malaysia) 2 Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., fam. Zingiberaceae 2.8%
Eugenia uniflora leaf (Brazil) 2 Eugenia uniflora L. (E. michelii Lam., E. pitanga (Berg), fam. Myrtaceae 32.8%
Turmeric (India) 2 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L. (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 11.58%
Turmeric (China) 2 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L. (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 0.05%
Turmeric (Bhutan) 1b leaf 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L. (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 0.2%
Turmeric 3 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L. (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 2.05%
Turmeric (India) 5a rhizome 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L., cv. Roma (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 0.1%
Turmeric (India) 5b leaf 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L., cv. Roma (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 0.1%
Dracocephalum aucheri Dracocephalum aucheri Boiss., fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 2.9%
Turmeric (Reunion Island) 1b leaf 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L. (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 0.1%
Turmeric (Reunion Island) 1c flower 8024-37-1 Curcuma longa L. (C. domestica Val.), fam. Zingiberaceae 0.1%
Geranium macrorrhizum (Serbia) Geranium macrorrhizum L., fam. Geraniaceae 37.4%
Neolitsea dealbata leaf (Australia) Neolitsea dealbata (R. Br.) Merr., fam. Lauraceae 14.0%