Gamma-Nonalactone

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    104-61-0

    Molecular formula
    C9H16O2

    SMILES
    CCCCCC1CCC(=O)O1

    Retention indicies (RI)

    • DB5: 1368.67
    • Carbowax: 2016.86

  • Odor profile

    Sweet 88.28%
    Fatty 85.52%
    Creamy 82.92%
    Coconut 82.91%
    Fruity 75.34%
    Buttery 71.83%
    Peach 68.92%
    Lactonic 68.4%
    Milky 68.16%
    Dairy 65.83%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    2.2

    pKa est.
    8.34 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    156.22 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Slow

    Boiling point

    • BP: 134 °C at 12 mm Hg
    • The boiling point at 1.7 kPa is 136 °C.

    Flash point est.
    93.16 ˚C

    Solubility expt.

    • Soluble in alcohol, most fixed oils, propylene glycol; 1:1 in 60% alcohol
    • Soluble in five volumes of 50% alcohol; soluble in most fixed oils and mineral oil; practically insoluble in glycerol
    • soluble in alcohol, most fixed oils and propylene glycol; insoluble in water
    • 1 ml in 5 ml 60% alcohol (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • 104-61-0
    • Gamma-nonalactone
    • gamma-Nonanolactone
    • 5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    • 5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    • 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-pentyl-
    • Prunolide
    • gamma-Nonanolide
    • Cocos aldehyde
    • Nonan-1,4-olide
    • Coconut aldehyde
    • 1,4-Nonalolide
    • apricolin
    • 4-Pentyl-butanolide
    • Aldehyde C-18
    • 4-Nonalactone
    • 4-Nonanolide
    • gamma-Nonylactone
    • gamma-Nonyllactone
    • Nonan-4-olide
    • FEMA No. 2781
    • gamma-Pelargolactone
    • DIHYDRO-5-PENTYL-2(3H)-FURANONE
    • 1,4-Nonyl lactone
    • gamma-Nonanoic lactone
    • delta-n-Amylbutyrolactone
    • FEMA Number 2781
    • gamma-N-Amylbutyrolactone
    • .gamma.-Nonalactone
    • gamma-Amyl-gamma-butyrolactone
    • rac-gamma-Nonanolactone
    • gamma-Pentyl-gamma-butyrolactone
    • HSDB 5360
    • UNII-I1XGH66S8P
    • EINECS 203-219-1
    • I1XGH66S8P
    • 4-Amyl-4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone
    • 4-Hydroxynonanoic acid, gamma-lactone
    • DTXSID0034229
    • NONYL LACTONE
    • Nonanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, gamma-lactone
    • AI3-02457
    • Dihydro-5-pentylfuran-2(3H)-one
    • MFCD00005403
    • NSC 24253
    • NSC 46099
    • NSC-24253
    • NSC-46099
    • .gamma.-n-Amylbutyrolactone
    • 4-Hydroxynonanoic acid, .gamma.-lactone
    • g-Nonanolactone
    • 4-Hydroxynonanoic acid lactone
    • CHEMBL191935
    • GAMMA-NONALACTONE [FCC]
    • DTXCID8014229
    • 5-Pentyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    • EC 203-219-1
    • .GAMMA.-NONALACTONE [FHFI]
    • DELTA-N-AMYLBUTYROLACTONE [HSDB]
    • 82373-92-0
    • gammaNonanolide
    • 4nonanolide
    • gammaNonylactone
    • 4Nonalactone
    • gammaNonyllactone
    • ?-Nonalactone
    • 4Pentylbutanolide
    • gammaNonanolactone
    • gammaPelargolactone
    • 1,4Nonalolide
    • Nonan1,4olide
    • 4-Pentylbutanolide
    • 1,4Nonyl lactone
    • Aldehyde C18
    • .gamma.-Nonalacton
    • .gamma.-Nonanolide
    • gamma-Pelargonolactone
    • .gamma.-Nonanolactone
    • gammanAmylbutyrolactone
    • gamma-Amylbutyrolactone
    • gamma -Nonanoic lactone
    • (r/s)-gamma-nonalactone
    • .gamma.-Amylbutyrolactone
    • .gamma.-Nonanoic lactone
    • gammaAmylgammabutyrolactone
    • 5-Pentyl-.gamma.-lactone
    • gammaPentylgammabutyrolactone
    • Dihydro5pentyl2(3H)furanone
    • gamma-Nonanoic lactone, 97%
    • SCHEMBL112484
    • 5-Pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    • 2(3H)Furanone, dihydro5pentyl
    • GAMMA-NONALACTONE [INCI]
    • 5-pentyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-one
    • OALYTRUKMRCXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-
    • (.+/-.)-.gamma.-Nonalactone
    • 4Amyl4hydroxybutyric acid lactone
    • Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanon
    • 4Hydroxynonanoic acid, gammalactone
    • .gamma.-Amyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone
    • NSC24253
    • NSC46099
    • (3H)-Dihydro-5-pentyl-2-furanone
    • 5-Pentyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone #
    • Tox21_301039
    • BBL027520
    • BDBM50167995
    • LMFA07040021
    • MSK010002
    • STL373781
    • Nonanoic acid, 4hydroxy, gammalactone
    • AKOS015904806
    • CS-W017997
    • DS-3247
    • FN05789
    • gamma-NONALACTONE (ALDEHYDE C-18)
    • NCGC00164129-01
    • NCGC00164129-02
    • NCGC00254941-01
    • CAS-104-61-0
    • gamma-Nonanoic lactone, >=98%, FCC, FG
    • gamma-Nonanoic lactone, natural, 98%, FG
    • N0285
    • Nonanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, .gamma.-lactone
    • NS00076561
    • D70273
    • EN300-342288
    • gamma-Nonalactone, analytical reference material

  • Applications

    γ-Nonanoic lactone (CAS 104-61-0) is a coconut-, creamy- and ripe-fruit-smelling flavor compound widely used to formulate food aromas for candies, baked goods, chewing gum, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks and dairy products; to design fine fragrances, cosmetic scents, soaps and detergents; to add nuance to tobacco blends; to enhance aquaculture feed palatability; as a GC-MS/LC-MS reference standard; as an ester-synthesis intermediate; in calibration solutions for electronic noses; and in pharmaceutical or microencapsulation studies, thanks to its very low odor threshold, good thermal stability, broad matrix compatibility and regulatory acceptance in FCC, EU and FEMA flavor additive lists.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 5769.83
    methanol 6728.6
    isopropanol 4429.47
    water 0.76
    ethyl acetate 4130.34
    n-propanol 3445.8
    acetone 6687.44
    n-butanol 3042.77
    acetonitrile 4115.62
    DMF 3758.25
    toluene 1027.35
    isobutanol 2645.25
    1,4-dioxane 4123.37
    methyl acetate 2595.41
    THF 5473.09
    2-butanone 3430.3
    n-pentanol 1954.68
    sec-butanol 2643.94
    n-hexane 246.09
    ethylene glycol 691.18
    NMP 2417.2
    cyclohexane 320.63
    DMSO 4905.77
    n-butyl acetate 2409.2
    n-octanol 639.81
    chloroform 6889.46
    n-propyl acetate 1953.09
    acetic acid 3578.42
    dichloromethane 6023.92
    cyclohexanone 3926.15
    propylene glycol 1110.32
    isopropyl acetate 2648.97
    DMAc 2125.03
    2-ethoxyethanol 1960.69
    isopentanol 2704.89
    n-heptane 85.75
    ethyl formate 1988.45
    1,2-dichloroethane 3421.66
    n-hexanol 1816.94
    2-methoxyethanol 3617.77
    isobutyl acetate 1196.11
    tetrachloromethane 729.82
    n-pentyl acetate 1142.21
    transcutol 6911.56
    n-heptanol 597.26
    ethylbenzene 478.46
    MIBK 1672.46
    2-propoxyethanol 2612.15
    tert-butanol 3918.92
    MTBE 3389.71
    2-butoxyethanol 1154.87
    propionic acid 2411.18
    o-xylene 509.92
    formic acid 943.23
    diethyl ether 3347.01
    m-xylene 667.86
    p-xylene 638.18
    chlorobenzene 1742.26
    dimethyl carbonate 718.65
    n-octane 39.42
    formamide 1348.92
    cyclopentanone 3847.13
    2-pentanone 3147.72
    anisole 1210.24
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 2332.16
    gamma-butyrolactone 4171.75
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 2863.04
    pyridine 3448.94
    3-pentanone 1653.74
    furfural 2805.43
    n-dodecane 38.86
    diethylene glycol 1654.07
    diisopropyl ether 801.03
    tert-amyl alcohol 2480.48
    acetylacetone 3119.28
    n-hexadecane 46.55
    acetophenone 1003.72
    methyl propionate 2180.27
    isopentyl acetate 1928.23
    trichloroethylene 5936.1
    n-nonanol 508.77
    cyclohexanol 2184.35
    benzyl alcohol 1031.61
    2-ethylhexanol 842.21
    isooctanol 485.41
    dipropyl ether 966.5
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 1295.56
    ethyl lactate 588.98
    propylene carbonate 2155.77
    n-methylformamide 2285.71
    2-pentanol 1927.59
    n-pentane 188.46
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 1730.95
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 1809.51
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 1064.65
    mesitylene 397.0
    ε-caprolactone 3106.92
    p-cymene 258.76
    epichlorohydrin 4239.39
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 3199.77
    2-aminoethanol 1623.66
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 2623.43
    sulfolane 3615.91
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 101.11
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 3973.78
    n-hexyl acetate 1598.93
    isooctane 96.77
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 1646.85
    sec-butyl acetate 1319.32
    tert-butyl acetate 2094.7
    decalin 153.51
    glycerin 1136.94
    diglyme 2616.64
    acrylic acid 1778.95
    isopropyl myristate 468.12
    n-butyric acid 4086.89
    acetyl acetate 1929.79
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 440.42
    ethyl propionate 1415.57
    nitromethane 4566.07
    1,2-diethoxyethane 2227.08
    benzonitrile 1702.93
    trioctyl phosphate 293.26
    1-bromopropane 2373.34
    gamma-valerolactone 4250.26
    n-decanol 354.48
    triethyl phosphate 350.29
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 932.71
    propionitrile 2760.11
    vinylene carbonate 1944.8
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 2546.38
    DMS 1069.16
    cumene 322.93
    2-octanol 429.45
    2-hexanone 1864.24
    octyl acetate 588.41
    limonene 432.3
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 3402.89
    ethyl orthosilicate 359.0
    tributyl phosphate 419.26
    diacetone alcohol 1847.88
    N,N-dimethylaniline 642.19
    acrylonitrile 3013.04
    aniline 1644.48
    1,3-propanediol 2116.83
    bromobenzene 1956.92
    dibromomethane 3997.34
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 4444.59
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 750.44
    tetrabutyl urea 482.65
    diisobutyl methanol 435.91
    2-phenylethanol 1071.27
    styrene 776.44
    dioctyl adipate 652.8
    dimethyl sulfate 891.28
    ethyl butyrate 1131.87
    methyl lactate 885.08
    butyl lactate 797.47
    diethyl carbonate 666.54
    propanediol butyl ether 1216.9
    triethyl orthoformate 645.41
    p-tert-butyltoluene 258.99
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 762.72
    morpholine 5104.54
    tert-butylamine 2313.51
    n-dodecanol 254.4
    dimethoxymethane 2334.34
    ethylene carbonate 1812.59
    cyrene 715.78
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 1508.87
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 1255.64
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1474.55
    4-methylpyridine 3286.23
    dibutyl ether 963.25
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 435.91
    DEF 2600.11
    dimethyl isosorbide 1423.87
    tetrachloroethylene 2730.66
    eugenol 793.01
    triacetin 1215.26
    span 80 963.34
    1,4-butanediol 836.61
    1,1-dichloroethane 4412.82
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 1598.55
    methyl formate 1488.1
    2-methyl-1-butanol 2130.32
    n-decane 70.04
    butyronitrile 3327.94
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 706.94
    1-chlorooctane 396.55
    1-chlorotetradecane 137.95
    n-nonane 66.98
    undecane 50.28
    tert-butylcyclohexane 149.09
    cyclooctane 81.71
    cyclopentanol 2241.02
    tetrahydropyran 4615.66
    tert-amyl methyl ether 1617.15
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 1655.11
    1-hexene 1205.41
    2-isopropoxyethanol 1484.92
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 800.85
    methyl butyrate 2198.29

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Blackcurrant bud 1 68606-81-5 Ribes nigrum L., fam. Grossulariaceae 0.05%
Hedychium coronarium flower (Japan) Hedychium coronarium Koenig, fam. Zingiberaceae 0.02%
Osmanthus concentrate 1 (Sukhumi-Abkhasia) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 0.09%
Osmanthus concentrate 2 (Sukhumi-Abkhasia) 68917-05-5 Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., fam. Oleaceae 0.04%
Artemisia moorcroftiana Artemisia moorcroftiana, fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 0.06%
Tuberose 8024-05-3 Polianthes tuberosa L., fam. Amaryllidaceae (Agavaceae) 1.0%
Zizyphus jujuba fruit (Malaysia) Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. inermis, fam. Rhamnaceae 0.25%
Fenugreek 1b steamdistillate 84625-40-1 Trigonella foenum-graecum L., fam. Leguminosae 2.5%
Eschweilera coriacea flower Eschweilera coriacea (A.P.DC.) Mori, fam. Lecythidaceae 2.2%
Mullilam leaf (India) Zanthoxylum rhetsa D.C. syn. Z. limonella (Dennst.) Alston, fam. Rutaceae 0.01%
Teucrium heterophyllum (Canary Islands) Teucrium heterophyllum L'Her. (T. canariensis), fam. Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 0.1%
Thapsia garganica root Thapsia garganica L., fam. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 0.01%
Alstonia scholaris Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br., fam. Apocynaceae 0.6%