Furaneol

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    3658-77-3

    Molecular formula
    C6H8O3

    SMILES
    CC1C(=O)C(=C(O1)C)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Retention indicies (RI)

    • Carbowax: 1952.5

  • Odor profile

    Caramellic 91.53%
    Sweet 87.33%
    Fruity 77.69%
    Burnt 71.1%
    Roasted 57.21%
    Strawberry 47.21%
    Coffee 45.47%
    Buttery 43.35%
    Nutty 38.79%
    Tropical 30.41%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    0.7

    pKa est.
    7.61 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    128.13 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 77-79 °C
    • 77 - 78 °C

    Boiling point

    • 216 °C

    Flash point est.
    95.81 ˚C

    Solubility expt.

    • In water, 0.315 g/mL at 25 °C
    • Soluble in oil and ethanol
    • Soluble in oil; Insoluble in water
    • Soluble (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • Furaneol
    • 3658-77-3
    • 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one
    • 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone
    • 2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone
    • 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)furanone
    • Pineapple ketone
    • Dimethylhydroxy furanone
    • Alletone
    • 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-one
    • 3(2H)-Furanone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-
    • Strawberry furanone
    • 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-furanone
    • Coe 536
    • FEMA No. 3174
    • FEMA 3174
    • 2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrofuran-3-one
    • 2,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran
    • 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-one
    • UNII-20PI8YZP7A
    • EINECS 222-908-8
    • 20PI8YZP7A
    • 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrofuran-3-one
    • ALNOSE
    • BRN 1281357
    • CCRIS 8102
    • dimethylhydroxyfuranone
    • DTXSID0041517
    • 3(2H)-FURANONE, 2,5-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXY-
    • CHEBI:76247
    • MFCD00010706
    • 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (natural)
    • 192466-95-8
    • DIMETHYL DIHYDROFURANOLONE
    • DTXCID8021517
    • HSDB 8322
    • 2,5-DIMETHYLDIHYDROFURANOLONE
    • 4-HYDROXY-2,5-DIMETHYL-3(2H)-FURANONE [FCC]
    • 4-HYDROXY-2,5-DIMETHYL-3(2H)-FURANONE [FHFI]
    • Strawberry furanone 25% in PG
    • 2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (Technical Grade)
    • Furaneol (Standard)
    • (+/-)-Furaneol
    • 4-HDMF
    • SCHEMBL57008
    • CHEMBL3186302
    • HY-N7093R
    • HY-N7093
    • Tox21_300823
    • AC8010
    • s5178
    • AKOS015900499
    • CS-W013470
    • DIMETHYLHYDROXY FURANONE [INCI]
    • FH30957
    • SB60884
    • NCGC00248185-01
    • NCGC00254727-01
    • 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2h-furan-3-one
    • 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3[2H] furanone
    • 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2H-furan
    • AC-14027
    • AS-15673
    • SY035594
    • CAS-3658-77-3
    • 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(2H)-furanone
    • 2.5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(2H)-furanone
    • 3(2H)-furanone,2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-
    • 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-furan-3(2H)-one
    • DB-003486
    • 2,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-ol-4-one
    • 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-(2h)-furan-3-one
    • 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-oxo-(2H)-furan
    • D1569
    • D1884
    • NS00012307
    • C20717
    • EN300-175904
    • 2,3-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-furanone
    • 4-oxo-3-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran
    • Q250455
    • Flavor and Extract Manufacturers' Association 3174
    • Z1255395050
    • 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, >=99.0% (GC)
    • Furaneol;Dimethylhydroxy furanone;Strawberry furanone;HDMF
    • 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, >=98%, FCC, FG
    • 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, analytical standard
    • 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, natural, >=98%, FG
    • InChI=1/C6H8O3/c1-3-5(7)6(8)4(2)9-3/h3,8H,1-2H
    • 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, 15 wt. % (in propylene glycol), FG

  • Applications

    4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (commonly known as furaneol) is a prized flavor compound naturally occurring in strawberries, pineapples, tomatoes and many other ripe fruits; in the food industry it is employed as a sweet, caramel-cotton-candy aroma enhancer to deepen sensory profiles of confectionery, beverages, yogurts, energy drinks, roasted coffee and fruit beers, while masking off-notes from artificial sweeteners; furthermore, in cosmetics and perfumery furaneol builds fresh fruity accords that impart gentle sweetness, and in biomedical research it is investigated as a marker of Maillard reactions and a potential antioxidant for food preservation formulations.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 637.41
    methanol 1050.04
    isopropanol 336.37
    water 240.17
    ethyl acetate 127.99
    n-propanol 445.7
    acetone 254.1
    n-butanol 333.6
    acetonitrile 246.97
    DMF 521.52
    toluene 28.51
    isobutanol 229.62
    1,4-dioxane 366.97
    methyl acetate 154.06
    THF 369.37
    2-butanone 157.99
    n-pentanol 217.05
    sec-butanol 238.71
    n-hexane 15.25
    ethylene glycol 353.97
    NMP 256.43
    cyclohexane 13.08
    DMSO 673.83
    n-butyl acetate 52.0
    n-octanol 60.76
    chloroform 228.37
    n-propyl acetate 70.63
    acetic acid 418.11
    dichloromethane 370.29
    cyclohexanone 149.21
    propylene glycol 164.78
    isopropyl acetate 65.54
    DMAc 246.02
    2-ethoxyethanol 611.25
    isopentanol 195.47
    n-heptane 9.3
    ethyl formate 179.97
    1,2-dichloroethane 227.21
    n-hexanol 95.35
    2-methoxyethanol 968.17
    isobutyl acetate 32.74
    tetrachloromethane 54.04
    n-pentyl acetate 57.46
    transcutol 511.31
    n-heptanol 55.62
    ethylbenzene 28.13
    MIBK 85.46
    2-propoxyethanol 240.8
    tert-butanol 276.58
    MTBE 136.5
    2-butoxyethanol 139.33
    propionic acid 186.52
    o-xylene 33.76
    formic acid 832.56
    diethyl ether 228.53
    m-xylene 28.23
    p-xylene 33.1
    chlorobenzene 53.88
    dimethyl carbonate 73.05
    n-octane 5.8
    formamide 1050.46
    cyclopentanone 198.66
    2-pentanone 141.38
    anisole 99.76
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 134.08
    gamma-butyrolactone 297.39
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 404.51
    pyridine 155.46
    3-pentanone 97.34
    furfural 318.7
    n-dodecane 4.48
    diethylene glycol 312.43
    diisopropyl ether 46.02
    tert-amyl alcohol 203.24
    acetylacetone 129.59
    n-hexadecane 4.91
    acetophenone 82.67
    methyl propionate 123.33
    isopentyl acetate 47.29
    trichloroethylene 273.79
    n-nonanol 53.51
    cyclohexanol 129.98
    benzyl alcohol 119.9
    2-ethylhexanol 44.34
    isooctanol 43.97
    dipropyl ether 54.03
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 64.77
    ethyl lactate 59.39
    propylene carbonate 110.59
    n-methylformamide 556.42
    2-pentanol 168.36
    n-pentane 19.7
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 111.08
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 73.44
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 101.6
    mesitylene 20.32
    ε-caprolactone 142.03
    p-cymene 20.6
    epichlorohydrin 377.71
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 96.5
    2-aminoethanol 490.27
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 354.89
    sulfolane 302.23
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 9.82
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 208.17
    n-hexyl acetate 77.6
    isooctane 7.05
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 163.88
    sec-butyl acetate 42.1
    tert-butyl acetate 85.69
    decalin 9.25
    glycerin 323.87
    diglyme 313.59
    acrylic acid 187.24
    isopropyl myristate 30.47
    n-butyric acid 191.29
    acetyl acetate 66.65
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 32.47
    ethyl propionate 68.71
    nitromethane 569.32
    1,2-diethoxyethane 131.97
    benzonitrile 89.3
    trioctyl phosphate 25.45
    1-bromopropane 103.12
    gamma-valerolactone 319.91
    n-decanol 37.91
    triethyl phosphate 34.44
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 75.52
    propionitrile 155.27
    vinylene carbonate 117.47
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 240.6
    DMS 70.54
    cumene 24.41
    2-octanol 42.67
    2-hexanone 82.67
    octyl acetate 39.11
    limonene 28.07
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 480.56
    ethyl orthosilicate 34.74
    tributyl phosphate 30.78
    diacetone alcohol 127.91
    N,N-dimethylaniline 70.74
    acrylonitrile 214.65
    aniline 83.01
    1,3-propanediol 580.45
    bromobenzene 42.65
    dibromomethane 194.26
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 180.43
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 43.73
    tetrabutyl urea 43.6
    diisobutyl methanol 32.51
    2-phenylethanol 70.99
    styrene 34.33
    dioctyl adipate 42.81
    dimethyl sulfate 131.2
    ethyl butyrate 50.27
    methyl lactate 93.02
    butyl lactate 52.53
    diethyl carbonate 36.23
    propanediol butyl ether 110.79
    triethyl orthoformate 42.56
    p-tert-butyltoluene 19.2
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 77.3
    morpholine 409.39
    tert-butylamine 155.83
    n-dodecanol 27.52
    dimethoxymethane 424.04
    ethylene carbonate 94.71
    cyrene 112.34
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 95.98
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 36.08
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 71.54
    4-methylpyridine 121.21
    dibutyl ether 52.99
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 32.51
    DEF 164.1
    dimethyl isosorbide 155.04
    tetrachloroethylene 178.78
    eugenol 90.48
    triacetin 74.39
    span 80 69.83
    1,4-butanediol 260.03
    1,1-dichloroethane 133.32
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 131.05
    methyl formate 377.49
    2-methyl-1-butanol 188.86
    n-decane 7.88
    butyronitrile 157.06
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 48.24
    1-chlorooctane 28.09
    1-chlorotetradecane 11.35
    n-nonane 7.55
    undecane 5.74
    tert-butylcyclohexane 8.23
    cyclooctane 6.21
    cyclopentanol 174.21
    tetrahydropyran 189.82
    tert-amyl methyl ether 108.78
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 201.97
    1-hexene 45.55
    2-isopropoxyethanol 266.93
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 245.68
    methyl butyrate 94.55

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
Restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 0.045 % Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 0.52 %
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 0.014 % Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 0.52 %
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 0.27 % Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 0.021 %
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 0.25 % Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 0.49 %
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 0.064 % Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 0.49 %
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 0.064 % Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 1.8 %
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 0.064 % Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 0.021 %
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 0.021 % Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 0.021 %
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 0.15 % Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Pineapple pulp Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., fam. Bromeliaceae 0.29%
Banana passa headspace extract (Brazil) 89957-82-4 Musa cavendishii cultivar nanica, fam. Musaceae 0.05%
Mango (Cameroon) headspace of ripe fruit 90063-86-0 Mangifera indica L., fam. Anacardiaceae 0.47%
Papaya (Cameroon) headspace of ripe fruit Carica papaya L., 0.01%