Xanthene

Overview IFRA Request a quote

  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    92-83-1

    Molecular formula
    C13H10O

    SMILES
    C1C2=CC=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C31

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Phenolic 52.82%
    Animal 43.38%
    Sweet 41.46%
    Floral 32.86%
    Spicy 31.38%
    Aromatic 30.6%
    Medicinal 30.33%
    Metallic 27.65%
    Anisic 27.33%
    Earthy 26.85%

     

    Flavor
    Sweet 51.62%
    Bitter 38.39%
    Animal 34.64%
    Phenolic 34.34%
    Herbal 32.75%
    Tobacco 32.18%
    Tonka 30.41%
    Earthy 28.86%
    Anise 28.81%
    Powdery 27.41%

     

    Odor impact est.
    High

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    3.5

    pKa est.
    8.03 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    182.22 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Very slow

    Boiling point est.
    295°C

    Flash point

    • 138.92 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • 9H-Xanthene
    • XANTHENE
    • Xanthan
    • Dibenzo[a,e]pyran
    • EINECS 202-194-4
    • BRN 0133939
    • 9-oxa-9,10-dihydroanthracene
    • UNII-A762Z8101Y
    • CHEBI:10057
    • AI3-01544
    • Dibenzopyran, tricyclic
    • NSC-46931
    • A762Z8101Y
    • DTXSID1059070
    • Dibenzo(a,e)pyran
    • 5-17-02-00252 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • 9HXanthene
    • 10H9Oxaanthracene
    • RefChem:195107
    • DTXCID9048778
    • CHEBI:36440
    • 202-194-4
    • 12,12-dimethyl-12H-benzo(a)xanthene
    • 12,12-dimethyl-12H-benzo[a]xanthene
    • GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    • InChI=1/C13H10O/c1-3-7-12-10(5-1)9-11-6-2-4-8-13(11)14-12/h1-8H,9H
    • 92-83-1
    • 10H-9-Oxaanthracene
    • MFCD00005055
    • NSC 46931
    • Xanthenes
    • SMR000857210
    • xanthene-
    • Xanthene, 99%
    • 24624-32-6
    • SCHEMBL4267
    • MLS001333245
    • MLS001333246
    • SCHEMBL194519
    • SCHEMBL195110
    • SCHEMBL367854
    • SCHEMBL367855
    • SCHEMBL577897
    • CHEMBL486760
    • orb3029250
    • SCHEMBL1395921
    • SCHEMBL1395924
    • SCHEMBL2551780
    • SCHEMBL2749118
    • SCHEMBL8678593
    • SCHEMBL9339684
    • SCHEMBL15062681
    • SCHEMBL15062728
    • SCHEMBL16348648
    • SCHEMBL29378346
    • SCHEMBL30586075
    • HMS2231P24
    • HMS3371P15
    • NSC46931
    • ZAA62432
    • BDBM50599592
    • EBC-47147
    • SBB059332
    • AKOS016008734
    • CS-W017106
    • NCGC00247062-01
    • AS-56278
    • FX139287
    • SY051639
    • DB-057333
    • NS00019926
    • ST51044380
    • X0003
    • C01464
    • D70448
    • EN300-7407236
    • AE-562/43285774
    • F238819
    • Q413791
    • Z1255415427
    • 92-83-1

  • Applications

    Xanthene serves as a core heterocyclic framework used primarily as the basis for dye chemistry and pigment synthesis. It acts as an intermediate in the production of xanthenes dyes, including fluorescein and rhodamine derivatives, which are widely used as bright colorants in inks, coatings, and plastics. The xanthenes scaffold is also valued as fluorophores and probes for biological labeling, imaging, and analytical assays, enabling fluorescence-based detection and sensing. In optics, xanthene derivatives are employed as laser dyes for dye-laser systems and other photonic applications. Industrially, the material is typically handled as an intermediate in dye and pigment manufacture, with applications expanding into specialty coatings and analytical reagents, depending on derivatives and regulatory considerations.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 18.11
    methanol 10.72
    isopropanol 12.13
    water 0.06
    ethyl acetate 115.4
    n-propanol 17.76
    acetone 91.93
    n-butanol 18.45
    acetonitrile 69.24
    DMF 141.6
    toluene 105.1
    isobutanol 15.38
    1,4-dioxane 173.81
    methyl acetate 123.43
    THF 252.2
    2-butanone 115.27
    n-pentanol 24.63
    sec-butanol 16.23
    n-hexane 17.47
    ethylene glycol 4.49
    NMP 144.91
    cyclohexane 22.64
    DMSO 92.54
    n-butyl acetate 141.62
    n-octanol 36.3
    chloroform 552.4
    n-propyl acetate 125.4
    acetic acid 50.17
    dichloromethane 647.54
    cyclohexanone 180.75
    propylene glycol 6.0
    isopropyl acetate 77.78
    DMAc 190.27
    2-ethoxyethanol 46.09
    isopentanol 24.69
    n-heptane 22.4
    ethyl formate 109.12
    1,2-dichloroethane 339.87
    n-hexanol 36.69
    2-methoxyethanol 46.4
    isobutyl acetate 96.9
    tetrachloromethane 69.98
    n-pentyl acetate 95.29
    transcutol 289.64
    n-heptanol 31.08
    ethylbenzene 95.45
    MIBK 70.2
    2-propoxyethanol 59.87
    tert-butanol 21.85
    MTBE 43.53
    2-butoxyethanol 57.26
    propionic acid 46.91
    o-xylene 69.59
    formic acid 9.28
    diethyl ether 62.62
    m-xylene 65.22
    p-xylene 114.04
    chlorobenzene 161.51
    dimethyl carbonate 74.77
    n-octane 16.34
    formamide 29.07
    cyclopentanone 221.73
    2-pentanone 85.02
    anisole 145.94
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 89.85
    gamma-butyrolactone 290.94
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 36.0
    pyridine 268.43
    3-pentanone 98.78
    furfural 260.83
    n-dodecane 14.24
    diethylene glycol 38.02
    diisopropyl ether 32.36
    tert-amyl alcohol 23.79
    acetylacetone 135.01
    n-hexadecane 16.46
    acetophenone 155.73
    methyl propionate 88.9
    isopentyl acetate 119.53
    trichloroethylene 674.34
    n-nonanol 38.55
    cyclohexanol 28.68
    benzyl alcohol 75.57
    2-ethylhexanol 44.79
    isooctanol 32.78
    dipropyl ether 82.51
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 178.58
    ethyl lactate 45.99
    propylene carbonate 190.9
    n-methylformamide 53.25
    2-pentanol 16.22
    n-pentane 8.86
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 53.03
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 109.49
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 86.22
    mesitylene 50.54
    ε-caprolactone 173.19
    p-cymene 59.94
    epichlorohydrin 317.68
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 231.24
    2-aminoethanol 9.66
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 183.49
    sulfolane 223.92
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 8.51
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 131.45
    n-hexyl acetate 123.3
    isooctane 7.69
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 98.19
    sec-butyl acetate 91.31
    tert-butyl acetate 79.62
    decalin 26.67
    glycerin 11.59
    diglyme 236.73
    acrylic acid 47.48
    isopropyl myristate 65.89
    n-butyric acid 66.02
    acetyl acetate 111.61
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 56.27
    ethyl propionate 110.38
    nitromethane 128.36
    1,2-diethoxyethane 164.29
    benzonitrile 144.92
    trioctyl phosphate 38.35
    1-bromopropane 125.94
    gamma-valerolactone 218.82
    n-decanol 32.56
    triethyl phosphate 68.84
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 19.84
    propionitrile 70.72
    vinylene carbonate 199.59
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 136.15
    DMS 138.11
    cumene 66.59
    2-octanol 26.14
    2-hexanone 108.98
    octyl acetate 72.29
    limonene 65.51
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 177.76
    ethyl orthosilicate 65.02
    tributyl phosphate 54.61
    diacetone alcohol 63.59
    N,N-dimethylaniline 102.71
    acrylonitrile 101.11
    aniline 71.2
    1,3-propanediol 16.73
    bromobenzene 206.98
    dibromomethane 371.11
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 399.84
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 99.05
    tetrabutyl urea 73.01
    diisobutyl methanol 36.7
    2-phenylethanol 79.42
    styrene 118.82
    dioctyl adipate 93.95
    dimethyl sulfate 95.9
    ethyl butyrate 130.31
    methyl lactate 35.82
    butyl lactate 56.47
    diethyl carbonate 109.81
    propanediol butyl ether 38.49
    triethyl orthoformate 91.01
    p-tert-butyltoluene 52.43
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 108.08
    morpholine 123.61
    tert-butylamine 18.68
    n-dodecanol 29.06
    dimethoxymethane 104.72
    ethylene carbonate 161.84
    cyrene 82.72
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 129.47
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 108.9
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 191.13
    4-methylpyridine 190.95
    dibutyl ether 101.07
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 36.7
    DEF 120.28
    dimethyl isosorbide 173.77
    tetrachloroethylene 287.67
    eugenol 98.17
    triacetin 130.07
    span 80 66.43
    1,4-butanediol 10.81
    1,1-dichloroethane 200.7
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 34.48
    methyl formate 63.73
    2-methyl-1-butanol 21.77
    n-decane 20.59
    butyronitrile 67.73
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 43.28
    1-chlorooctane 61.68
    1-chlorotetradecane 31.79
    n-nonane 19.94
    undecane 16.71
    tert-butylcyclohexane 22.11
    cyclooctane 14.24
    cyclopentanol 32.13
    tetrahydropyran 124.96
    tert-amyl methyl ether 41.87
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 162.28
    1-hexene 48.5
    2-isopropoxyethanol 42.71
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 28.96
    methyl butyrate 146.43

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction