Tyrosine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    60-18-4

    Molecular formula
    C9H11NO3

    SMILES
    C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 69.85%
    Savory 29.26%
    Bitter 29.14%
    Sweet 25.57%
    Phenolic 22.8%
    Meaty 22.02%
    Milky 20.44%
    Cooked 18.96%
    Balsamic 18.91%
    Vanilla 18.57%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 62.7%
    Mild 47.14%
    Bitter 40.75%
    Bland 26.29%
    Faint 24.03%
    Phenolic 22.47%
    Sweet-like 22.11%
    Yeast 21.54%
    Nitrile 21.36%
    Urine 20.65%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -2.3

    pKa est.
    7.44 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    181.19 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 343 dec °C
    • 344 °C
    • 343 °C

    Boiling point

    • BOILING POINT: SUBLIMES

    Flash point

    • 199.06 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 479 mg/L (at 25 °C)
    • SOLUBILITY IN WATER 0.453 G/L @ 25 °C; INSOL IN ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL, ETHER, ACETONE; SOL IN ALKALINE SOLN
    • SLIGHTLY SOL IN ACETIC ACID
    • 0.479 mg/mL
    • Soluble in water and dilute mineral acid and alkali hydroxide solutions
    • Slightly soluble (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • L-tyrosine
    • tyrosine
    • 60-18-4
    • (S)-Tyrosine
    • p-Tyrosine
    • L-p-Tyrosine
    • (2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
    • H-Tyr-OH
    • 4-Hydroxy-L-phenylalanine
    • tirosina
    • Tyrosine (VAN)
    • Tyrosine, L-
    • Tyrosinum [Latin]
    • Tirosina [Spanish]
    • Tyrosine [USAN:INN]
    • Tyrosinum
    • L-Phenylalanine, 4-hydroxy-
    • beta-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine
    • (-)-alpha-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid
    • FEMA No. 3736
    • L-(-)-Tyrosine
    • (S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid
    • (S)-(-)-Tyrosine
    • L-2-Amino-3-p-hydroxyphenylpropanoic acid
    • 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine
    • (S)-3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine
    • L-Tyrosin
    • HSDB 2003
    • L-Tyr
    • alpha-Amino-beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid
    • AI3-09055
    • NSC 82624
    • alpha-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, (-)-
    • Propanoic acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, (S)-
    • (S)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid
    • Benzenepropanoate
    • alpha-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid, (S)-
    • 2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, (S)-
    • Benzenepropanoic acid, alpha-amino-4-hydroxy-, (S)-
    • 55520-40-6
    • EINECS 200-460-4
    • MFCD00002606
    • L-Tyrosine, monomer
    • DTXSID1023730
    • CHEBI:17895
    • 3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine
    • tyr
    • TYROSINE [HSDB]
    • TYROSINE [USAN]
    • TYROSINE [II]
    • TYROSINE [INN]
    • TYROSINE [MI]
    • TYROSINE [VANDF]
    • NSC-82624
    • L-TYROSINE [FCC]
    • L-TYROSINE [JAN]
    • TYROSINE [MART.]
    • (S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
    • L-TYROSINE [FHFI]
    • TYROSINE [WHO-DD]
    • 42HK56048U
    • L-TYROSINE [USP-RS]
    • TYROSINE [ORANGE BOOK]
    • DTXCID603730
    • Levodopa impurity, l-tyrosine-
    • TYROSINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
    • TYROSINE [USP MONOGRAPH]
    • (-)-.alpha.-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid
    • (S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid
    • Tyrosinum (Latin)
    • (-)-a-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamate
    • 2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid
    • (S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate
    • (-)-alpha-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamate
    • (-)-a-Amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid
    • (S)-a-amino-4-hydroxy-Benzenepropanoate
    • NCGC00159350-02
    • LEVODOPA IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
    • Rxosine
    • (S)-alpha-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate
    • TYROSINE (II)
    • (S)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionate
    • (S)-a-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid
    • (S)-a-amino-4-hydroxy-Benzenepropanoic acid
    • (S)-alpha-amino-4-hydroxy-Benzenepropanoate
    • TYROSINE (MART.)
    • (S)-alpha-amino-4-hydroxy-Benzenepropanoic acid
    • N-ACETYLTYROSINE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
    • L-TYROSINE (USP-RS)
    • 25619-78-7
    • TYROSINE (EP MONOGRAPH)
    • TYROSINE (USP MONOGRAPH)
    • para-tyrosine
    • l tyrosine
    • para Tyrosine
    • 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphen yl)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-Propanoate
    • 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphen yl)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-Propanoic acid
    • CAS-60-18-4
    • LEVODOPA IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
    • Tyrosine, L isomer
    • Tyrosine, L-isomer
    • TYROSINE, (L)
    • L-Tyrosine (9CI)
    • 4ts1
    • Tyrosine (USP/INN)
    • N-ACETYLTYROSINE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY)
    • LEVODOPA IMPURITY, L-TYROSINE-(USP IMPURITY)
    • LEVODOPA IMPURITY, L-TYROSINE-[USP IMPURITY]
    • NSC9973
    • ptyrosine
    • LpTyrosine
    • LTyrosine
    • -tyrosine
    • plovamer-acetate
    • (s)tyrosine
    • UNII-42HK56048U
    • L-Tyrosine High
    • 2csm
    • Tyrosine, L
    • (L)-Tyrosine
    • (-) tyrosine
    • H-Tyr
    • 4HydroxyLphenylalanine
    • L-Tyrosine 7427
    • L-Tyrosine (Standard)
    • Tyrosine (L-Tyrosine)
    • L-Tyrosine (JP17)
    • L-Tyrosine (JP18)

  • Applications

    Tyrosine (L-tyrosine), CAS 60-18-4, is an amino acid that serves as a versatile building block across several industries. In pharmaceuticals, it is a precursor for the biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) and contributes to thyroid hormone production, providing a route to intermediate compounds used in drug synthesis. In nutrition and dietary supplements, it is used as an amino acid supplement and is considered in dietary planning for phenylketonuria management to ensure essential amino acid supply. In biotechnology and cell culture, tyrosine is often included in cell culture media and fermentation feeds to support protein production. In animal nutrition, it can be used as a feed additive to balance amino acid profiles. In cosmetics and materials research, tyrosine is studied as a substrate for melanin biosynthesis and explored as a monomer or building block for polypeptides and functional materials. In polymer and biomaterial synthesis, it may be employed as a precursor for peptide-based polymers or related functional compounds.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 0.0
    methanol 0.01
    isopropanol 0.02
    water 0.43
    ethyl acetate 2.33
    n-propanol 0.0
    acetone 0.13
    n-butanol 0.01
    acetonitrile 0.02
    DMF 0.71
    toluene 0.29
    isobutanol 0.01
    1,4-dioxane 0.15
    methyl acetate 0.11
    THF 0.59
    2-butanone 0.06
    n-pentanol 0.02
    sec-butanol 0.01
    n-hexane 0.02
    ethylene glycol 0.27
    NMP 11.74
    cyclohexane 0.01
    DMSO 0.61
    n-butyl acetate 0.63
    n-octanol 0.13
    chloroform 0.01
    n-propyl acetate 0.3
    acetic acid 0.96
    dichloromethane 0.01
    cyclohexanone 0.52
    propylene glycol 0.19
    isopropyl acetate 1.73
    DMAc 7.91
    2-ethoxyethanol 1.24
    isopentanol 0.07
    n-heptane 0.12
    ethyl formate 0.19
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.01
    n-hexanol 0.26
    2-methoxyethanol 1.16
    isobutyl acetate 0.2
    tetrachloromethane 0.04
    n-pentyl acetate 0.32
    transcutol 4.16
    n-heptanol 0.36
    ethylbenzene 0.32
    MIBK 0.84
    2-propoxyethanol 2.98
    tert-butanol 0.38
    MTBE 0.16
    2-butoxyethanol 1.85
    propionic acid 0.12
    o-xylene 0.88
    formic acid 5.88
    diethyl ether 0.03
    m-xylene 0.95
    p-xylene 0.41
    chlorobenzene 0.07
    dimethyl carbonate 1.11
    n-octane 0.04
    formamide 2.72
    cyclopentanone 0.83
    2-pentanone 0.32
    anisole 0.56
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 0.66
    gamma-butyrolactone 2.18
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 1.81
    pyridine 0.11
    3-pentanone 0.2
    furfural 4.41
    n-dodecane 0.03
    diethylene glycol 8.26
    diisopropyl ether 0.24
    tert-amyl alcohol 0.33
    acetylacetone 4.88
    n-hexadecane 0.04
    acetophenone 1.51
    methyl propionate 0.8
    isopentyl acetate 0.94
    trichloroethylene 0.06
    n-nonanol 0.19
    cyclohexanol 0.1
    benzyl alcohol 0.59
    2-ethylhexanol 0.55
    isooctanol 0.5
    dipropyl ether 0.44
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.19
    ethyl lactate 1.36
    propylene carbonate 2.21
    n-methylformamide 0.14
    2-pentanol 0.04
    n-pentane 0.0
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 2.41
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 3.54
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 5.02
    mesitylene 0.93
    ε-caprolactone 1.07
    p-cymene 0.77
    epichlorohydrin 0.32
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.05
    2-aminoethanol 0.12
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 7.37
    sulfolane 7.02
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.04
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 0.25
    n-hexyl acetate 0.33
    isooctane 0.05
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 4.11
    sec-butyl acetate 0.47
    tert-butyl acetate 2.28
    decalin 0.08
    glycerin 4.34
    diglyme 5.87
    acrylic acid 0.37
    isopropyl myristate 0.36
    n-butyric acid 0.42
    acetyl acetate 2.08
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 1.02
    ethyl propionate 0.76
    nitromethane 1.62
    1,2-diethoxyethane 0.51
    benzonitrile 0.25
    trioctyl phosphate 0.56
    1-bromopropane 0.0
    gamma-valerolactone 3.25
    n-decanol 0.19
    triethyl phosphate 1.17
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.26
    propionitrile 0.01
    vinylene carbonate 1.08
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 3.21
    DMS 0.84
    cumene 0.47
    2-octanol 0.2
    2-hexanone 0.21
    octyl acetate 0.4
    limonene 0.71
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 1.33
    ethyl orthosilicate 1.09
    tributyl phosphate 0.54
    diacetone alcohol 5.92
    N,N-dimethylaniline 1.32
    acrylonitrile 0.04
    aniline 0.28
    1,3-propanediol 0.2
    bromobenzene 0.07
    dibromomethane 0.01
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.09
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 1.28
    tetrabutyl urea 1.38
    diisobutyl methanol 0.78
    2-phenylethanol 1.3
    styrene 0.19
    dioctyl adipate 0.68
    dimethyl sulfate 3.95
    ethyl butyrate 0.98
    methyl lactate 2.74
    butyl lactate 0.98
    diethyl carbonate 0.64
    propanediol butyl ether 1.73
    triethyl orthoformate 1.01
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.76
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 4.05
    morpholine 0.12
    tert-butylamine 0.12
    n-dodecanol 0.19
    dimethoxymethane 0.92
    ethylene carbonate 0.71
    cyrene 9.85
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 0.8
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.63
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.27
    4-methylpyridine 0.25
    dibutyl ether 0.14
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.78
    DEF 1.25
    dimethyl isosorbide 11.97
    tetrachloroethylene 0.13
    eugenol 4.19
    triacetin 1.63
    span 80 3.01
    1,4-butanediol 0.2
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.01
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 0.14
    methyl formate 0.3
    2-methyl-1-butanol 0.03
    n-decane 0.04
    butyronitrile 0.02
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 0.29
    1-chlorooctane 0.07
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.07
    n-nonane 0.03
    undecane 0.04
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.08
    cyclooctane 0.04
    cyclopentanol 0.09
    tetrahydropyran 0.03
    tert-amyl methyl ether 0.39
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 8.31
    1-hexene 0.03
    2-isopropoxyethanol 1.25
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 1.92
    methyl butyrate 0.64

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction