Threonine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    72-19-5

    Molecular formula
    C4H9NO3

    SMILES
    C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 59.06%
    Sweet 58.87%
    Savory 27.07%
    Bitter 21.08%
    Milky 19.54%
    Buttery 18.92%
    Caramellic 17.85%
    Meaty 17.45%
    Creamy 16.77%
    Cocoa 15.45%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 71.35%
    Mild 33.66%
    Bland 26.71%
    Sweet-like 23.37%
    Very mild 23.01%
    Yeast 22.73%
    Acidic 20.65%
    Sour 20.54%
    Stinky 20.13%
    Very slight 19.56%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -2.9

    pKa est.
    5.85 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    119.12 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    279°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 256 dec °C
    • 256 °C (decomposes)
    • MP: 228-229 °C with decomposition (dl-threonine); 255-275 °C with decomposition (l(-)-threonine) (naturally occurring); 250-252 °C (dl-allo-threonine)
    • 256 °C

    Flash point

    • 148.34 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 97000 mg/L (at 25 °C)
    • Insoluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, chloroform
    • Insoluble in common neutral solvents
    • In water, 9.70X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C
    • 97.0 mg/mL
    • Sparingly soluble in water; Soluble in buffer systems pH 5.5
    • Practically insoluble (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • L-threonine
    • threonine
    • 72-19-5
    • DL-Threonine
    • Threonin
    • (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
    • L-(-)-Threonine
    • (S)-Threonine
    • H-Thr-OH
    • 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid
    • 80-68-2
    • Treonina
    • Threonine, L-
    • Threonine (VAN)
    • Threoninum [Latin]
    • Treonina [Spanish]
    • thre
    • Threoninum
    • (2S,3R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid
    • Threonine [USAN:INN]
    • (2S)-threonine
    • (2S,3R)-(-)-Threonine
    • L-Threonin
    • L-thr
    • EINECS 200-774-1
    • Threonine, DL-
    • MFCD00064270
    • NSC 16589
    • NSC 46701
    • L-alpha-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid
    • 2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid, (R-(R*,S*))-
    • DTXSID2046412
    • FEMA NO. 4710
    • UNII-2ZD004190S
    • CHEBI:16857
    • Butanoic acid, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-, (R-(R*,S*))-
    • HSDB 7797
    • L-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid
    • NSC-16589
    • NSC-46701
    • TFM6DU5S6A
    • 2ZD004190S
    • H-DL-Thr-OH
    • DTXCID0026412
    • [R-(R*,S*)]-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
    • Threoninum (Latin)
    • THREONINE (II)
    • THREONINE [II]
    • THREONINE (L)
    • thr
    • (2S,3R)-rel-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
    • THREONINE (MART.)
    • THREONINE [MART.]
    • (R-(R*,S*))-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
    • THREONINE (EP MONOGRAPH)
    • THREONINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
    • Threonine #
    • THREONINE (USP MONOGRAPH)
    • THREONINE [USP MONOGRAPH]
    • Allothreonine, D-
    • CAS-72-19-5
    • (R-(R*,S*))-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoate
    • [R-(R*,S*)]-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoate
    • L-(U-14C)Threonine
    • NSC46701
    • beta-methylserine
    • MFCD00063722
    • NSC-206292
    • (+/-)-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid
    • NCGC00164520-01
    • NCGC00164520-02
    • Threonine (USP)
    • H-Thr
    • (+/-)-threonine
    • L-Thr-OH
    • L-Threonine (9CI)
    • Threonine, labeled with carbon-14, L-
    • L-Threonine (Standard)
    • THREONINE [INN]
    • L-Threonine (JP18)
    • THREONINE [MI]
    • Threonine (L-Threonine)
    • THREONINE [HSDB]
    • THREONINE [USAN]
    • UNII-TFM6DU5S6A
    • THREONINE [VANDF]
    • Threonine, L- (8CI)
    • 2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyrate
    • bmse000049
    • bmse000810
    • bmse000859
    • L-THREONINE [FCC]
    • L-THREONINE [JAN]
    • L-Threonine (H-Thr-OH)
    • 2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoate
    • SCHEMBL1480
    • THREONINE [WHO-DD]
    • L-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyrate
    • L-THREONINE [USP-RS]
    • L-Threonine non-animal source
    • CCRIS 8603
    • CHEMBL291747
    • GTPL4785
    • CHEBI:26986
    • HY-N0658R
    • DTXSID70893087
    • L-alpha-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyrate
    • Pharmakon1600-01301008
    • HY-N0658
    • EINECS 201-300-6
    • Tox21_112154
    • AC7878
    • NSC760118
    • s4951
    • (2S,3R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxybutyrate
    • AKOS006240505
    • AKOS015840277
    • Tox21_112154_1
    • CCG-214540
    • CS-W020046
    • DB00156
    • FT03495
    • NSC 206292
    • NSC-760118
    • 7013-32-3
    • AC-11296
    • AS-12789
    • L-Threonine, BioXtra, >=99.5% (NT)

  • Applications

    Threonine (CAS 72-19-5) is an essential amino acid used as a dietary supplement for humans and animals, including in formulations for parenteral nutrition. It is added to animal feeds as a nutritional additive to support growth and product quality. In industrial fermentation and biotech, threonine serves as a building block in fermentation media and as an intermediate for the synthesis of other amino acids or peptides. In cosmetics and personal care, threonine is used as a conditioning and moisturizing ingredient in formulations. In addition, it is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis and may be evaluated for other industrial applications depending on formulation constraints and local regulations.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 0.07
    methanol 0.34
    isopropanol 0.02
    water 115.89
    ethyl acetate 0.07
    n-propanol 0.03
    acetone 0.11
    n-butanol 0.03
    acetonitrile 0.13
    DMF 1.41
    toluene 0.03
    isobutanol 0.03
    1,4-dioxane 0.16
    methyl acetate 0.05
    THF 0.31
    2-butanone 0.07
    n-pentanol 0.04
    sec-butanol 0.03
    n-hexane 0.03
    ethylene glycol 3.82
    NMP 15.66
    cyclohexane 0.05
    DMSO 9.64
    n-butyl acetate 0.09
    n-octanol 0.1
    chloroform 0.02
    n-propyl acetate 0.05
    acetic acid 3.41
    dichloromethane 0.03
    cyclohexanone 0.43
    propylene glycol 1.12
    isopropyl acetate 0.09
    DMAc 3.2
    2-ethoxyethanol 0.59
    isopentanol 0.07
    n-heptane 0.09
    ethyl formate 0.11
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.03
    n-hexanol 0.13
    2-methoxyethanol 1.06
    isobutyl acetate 0.04
    tetrachloromethane 0.04
    n-pentyl acetate 0.1
    transcutol 1.94
    n-heptanol 0.18
    ethylbenzene 0.03
    MIBK 0.19
    2-propoxyethanol 0.87
    tert-butanol 0.09
    MTBE 0.04
    2-butoxyethanol 0.71
    propionic acid 0.46
    o-xylene 0.12
    formic acid 40.34
    diethyl ether 0.03
    m-xylene 0.1
    p-xylene 0.05
    chlorobenzene 0.02
    dimethyl carbonate 0.16
    n-octane 0.03
    formamide 10.3
    cyclopentanone 0.55
    2-pentanone 0.1
    anisole 0.06
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 0.27
    gamma-butyrolactone 0.91
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 0.57
    pyridine 0.08
    3-pentanone 0.12
    furfural 1.89
    n-dodecane 0.02
    diethylene glycol 3.86
    diisopropyl ether 0.05
    tert-amyl alcohol 0.17
    acetylacetone 0.49
    n-hexadecane 0.02
    acetophenone 0.19
    methyl propionate 0.1
    isopentyl acetate 0.13
    trichloroethylene 0.05
    n-nonanol 0.11
    cyclohexanol 0.17
    benzyl alcohol 0.12
    2-ethylhexanol 0.18
    isooctanol 0.2
    dipropyl ether 0.12
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.05
    ethyl lactate 0.35
    propylene carbonate 0.49
    n-methylformamide 0.65
    2-pentanol 0.04
    n-pentane 0.02
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 0.58
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 0.38
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 1.52
    mesitylene 0.15
    ε-caprolactone 0.47
    p-cymene 0.14
    epichlorohydrin 0.21
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.02
    2-aminoethanol 1.14
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 4.24
    sulfolane 9.09
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.04
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 0.18
    n-hexyl acetate 0.13
    isooctane 0.03
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 1.36
    sec-butyl acetate 0.05
    tert-butyl acetate 0.24
    decalin 0.05
    glycerin 11.41
    diglyme 1.93
    acrylic acid 1.33
    isopropyl myristate 0.08
    n-butyric acid 0.3
    acetyl acetate 0.13
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.32
    ethyl propionate 0.08
    nitromethane 1.5
    1,2-diethoxyethane 0.12
    benzonitrile 0.07
    trioctyl phosphate 0.23
    1-bromopropane 0.01
    gamma-valerolactone 1.73
    n-decanol 0.09
    triethyl phosphate 0.27
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.1
    propionitrile 0.04
    vinylene carbonate 0.35
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 2.33
    DMS 0.2
    cumene 0.07
    2-octanol 0.1
    2-hexanone 0.07
    octyl acetate 0.11
    limonene 0.21
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 0.39
    ethyl orthosilicate 0.24
    tributyl phosphate 0.22
    diacetone alcohol 1.18
    N,N-dimethylaniline 0.17
    acrylonitrile 0.09
    aniline 0.09
    1,3-propanediol 0.57
    bromobenzene 0.02
    dibromomethane 0.02
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.06
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 0.28
    tetrabutyl urea 0.45
    diisobutyl methanol 0.22
    2-phenylethanol 0.22
    styrene 0.02
    dioctyl adipate 0.16
    dimethyl sulfate 1.1
    ethyl butyrate 0.14
    methyl lactate 0.87
    butyl lactate 0.37
    diethyl carbonate 0.08
    propanediol butyl ether 1.03
    triethyl orthoformate 0.19
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.15
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 0.97
    morpholine 0.18
    tert-butylamine 0.05
    n-dodecanol 0.08
    dimethoxymethane 0.31
    ethylene carbonate 0.21
    cyrene 4.19
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 0.19
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.12
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.07
    4-methylpyridine 0.08
    dibutyl ether 0.06
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.22
    DEF 0.38
    dimethyl isosorbide 2.94
    tetrachloroethylene 0.11
    eugenol 1.07
    triacetin 0.48
    span 80 1.37
    1,4-butanediol 0.34
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.01
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 0.07
    methyl formate 0.53
    2-methyl-1-butanol 0.07
    n-decane 0.02
    butyronitrile 0.03
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 0.13
    1-chlorooctane 0.03
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.02
    n-nonane 0.02
    undecane 0.02
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.04
    cyclooctane 0.05
    cyclopentanol 0.19
    tetrahydropyran 0.05
    tert-amyl methyl ether 0.11
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 2.58
    1-hexene 0.03
    2-isopropoxyethanol 0.34
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 3.81
    methyl butyrate 0.11

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction