Sulfuric Acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    7664-93-9

    Molecular formula
    H2O4S

    SMILES
    OS(=O)(=O)O

    Safety labels

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 90.58%
    Sulfurous 18.51%
    Pungent 15.9%
    Cooked 14.32%
    Sour 13.88%
    Sharp 13.55%
    Savory 13.51%
    Clean 12.04%
    Burnt 11.87%
    Roasted 10.79%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 72.4%
    Odorless 41.09%
    Bland 25.08%
    Formyl 21.02%
    Rotten 19.27%
    Nitrile 19.25%
    Mousy 18.57%
    Urine 18.19%
    Soy 17.91%
    Decomposing cabbage 17.72%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

    Odor threshold

    • Odor Threshold Low: 0.15 [mg/m3]. Odor threshold from AIHA
    • Threshold for odor= 1.0 mg/cu m, Irritating concn= 1.1 mg/cu m

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -1.4

    pKa est.
    4.29 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    98.08 g/mol

    Melting point expt.

    • 50.65 °F (EPA, 1998)
    • 51 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
    • 10.31 °C
    • 10 °C
    • 51 °F

    Boiling point

    • 554 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)
    • 212 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)
    • 337 °C
    • 554 °F

    Flash point

    • 207.97 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)
    • Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)
    • Miscible with water, with generation of much heat, also with ethanol
    • Miscible with water and alcohol with the generation of much heat and with contraction in volume.
    • Solubility in water at 20 °C: miscible
    • Miscible

  • Synonyms

    • SULFURIC ACID
    • Sulphuric acid
    • 7664-93-9
    • Dihydrogen sulfate
    • Dipping acid
    • Mattling acid
    • Battery acid
    • Acide sulfurique
    • Electrolyte acid
    • Acidum sulfuricum
    • Sulphuricum acidum
    • Schwefelsaeure
    • tetraoxosulfuric acid
    • Acido solforico
    • Acido sulfurico
    • Brimstone acid
    • Schwefelsaeureloesungen
    • H2SO4
    • Zwavelzuuroplossingen
    • Dihydrogen sulphate
    • Anhydrous sulfuric acid
    • DTXSID5029683
    • Nordhausen acid
    • Matting acid
    • O40UQP6WCF
    • NSC-38965
    • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 078001
    • NSC-248648
    • INS NO.513
    • CHEBI:26836
    • INS-513
    • DTXCID709683
    • E-513
    • NSC38965
    • NSC248648
    • (S(OH)2O2)
    • [S(OH)2O2]
    • Sulfuric acid (aqueous)
    • sulfur acid
    • Colds Flu
    • Acidum Sulphuricum
    • Oriental Medicine Detox
    • RefChem:6694
    • 231-639-5
    • Sulfur oxide (SO4)
    • Sulfuric acid [NF]
    • MFCD00064589
    • H2O4S
    • 12772-98-4
    • BOV
    • Sulfuric acid (NF)
    • sulfuricacid
    • E513
    • Sulfuric Acid, ACS Grade
    • Caswell No. 815
    • H2 (S O4)
    • Acide sulfurique [French]
    • Acido solforico [Italian]
    • Acido sulfurico [Spanish]
    • Zwavelzuuroplossingen [Dutch]
    • Sulfuric acid, spent
    • Sulfuric acid, ACS reagent, 95.0-98.0%
    • Schwefelsaeureloesungen [German]
    • HSDB 1811
    • EINECS 231-639-5
    • UNII-O40UQP6WCF
    • UN1830
    • UN1832
    • Opsonat
    • suiphuric acid
    • sulfuric aicd
    • sulfuric-acid
    • suIfuric acid
    • sulphur-ic acid
    • -sulfuric acid
    • G-sulfuric acid
    • Retinol Impurity A
    • UN2796
    • Sulfuric acid 30%
    • Sulfuric acid 36%
    • Sulfuric acid 50%
    • 4.1M Sulfuric acid
    • dihydroxidodioxidosulfur
    • 0.5M Sulphuric acid
    • Sulfuric acid, 60%
    • Sulphuric acid, dilute
    • Sulfuric Acid, 96%
    • Sulfuric Acid, 98%
    • 0.05M Sulphuric acid
    • dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate
    • Sulfuric acid [Strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid]
    • SCHEMBL113
    • EC 231-639-5
    • SCHEMBL2131
    • SULFURIC ACID [II]
    • SULFURIC ACID [MI]
    • Sulfuric acid, 95-99%
    • hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI)
    • NCIOpen2_006177
    • SULFURIC ACID [FCC]
    • hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-)
    • Sulfuric Acid(96%, w/w)
    • Sulfuric acid, 99.999%
    • UN 1830 (Salt/Mix)
    • UN 1832 (Salt/Mix)
    • UN 2796 (Salt/Mix)
    • SULFURIC ACID [VANDF]
    • SULFURIC ACID [MART.]
    • CHEMBL572964
    • O2S(OH)2
    • SCHEMBL1628189
    • Sulfuric acid contained in strong inorganic acid mists
    • Sulfuric acid with >51% acid
    • Sulfuric acid, AR, >=98%
    • Sulfuric acid, LR, >=98%
    • SULFURIC ACID [WHO-DD]
    • H2 S O4
    • SULPHURICUM ACIDUM [HPUS]
    • [SO2(OH)2]
    • Sulfuric acid, 90.0-91.0%
    • Sulfuric acid, 95.0-97.0%
    • Sulfuric acid with not >51% acid
    • SULFURIC ACID [EP IMPURITY]
    • Sulfuric acid, p.a., 93-98%
    • Tox21_200483
    • BDBM50194240
    • BDBM50499186
    • 7664-93-9

  • Applications

    Sulfuric acid (CAS 7664-93-9) is a central industrial chemical with widespread applications: production of phosphate fertilizers and processing phosphate rock to phosphoric acid and phosphates; as an acid catalyst and dehydrating agent in petroleum refining and in esterification and sulfonation processes, supporting manufacture of detergents, surfactants, and specialty chemicals; electrolyte in lead-acid batteries; metal surface treatment including pickling and descaling of steel and other metals; used as a sulfonating agent or catalyst in the production of detergents and dyes; and cleaning and surface preparation in electronics manufacturing (for example piranha-type cleaning solutions).

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 161.11
    methanol 332.57
    isopropanol 120.26
    water 633.84
    ethyl acetate 18.55
    n-propanol 92.44
    acetone 129.59
    n-butanol 54.88
    acetonitrile 54.95
    DMF 680.03
    toluene 7.01
    isobutanol 53.1
    1,4-dioxane 78.68
    methyl acetate 34.96
    THF 138.7
    2-butanone 40.63
    n-pentanol 35.18
    sec-butanol 54.0
    n-hexane 4.44
    ethylene glycol 231.74
    NMP 221.79
    cyclohexane 5.36
    DMSO 458.59
    n-butyl acetate 14.27
    n-octanol 13.23
    chloroform 5.56
    n-propyl acetate 17.29
    acetic acid 90.19
    dichloromethane 9.55
    cyclohexanone 32.54
    propylene glycol 162.23
    isopropyl acetate 14.28
    DMAc 320.95
    2-ethoxyethanol 128.88
    isopentanol 34.35
    n-heptane 4.58
    ethyl formate 38.67
    1,2-dichloroethane 12.7
    n-hexanol 24.93
    2-methoxyethanol 274.92
    isobutyl acetate 9.59
    tetrachloromethane 3.04
    n-pentyl acetate 11.17
    transcutol 70.27
    n-heptanol 17.19
    ethylbenzene 3.82
    MIBK 19.66
    2-propoxyethanol 97.65
    tert-butanol 82.97
    MTBE 24.45
    2-butoxyethanol 55.1
    propionic acid 55.15
    o-xylene 7.45
    formic acid 201.13
    diethyl ether 31.67
    m-xylene 6.48
    p-xylene 4.96
    chlorobenzene 3.21
    dimethyl carbonate 47.65
    n-octane 1.76
    formamide 287.71
    cyclopentanone 64.01
    2-pentanone 32.45
    anisole 14.74
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 37.17
    gamma-butyrolactone 69.66
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 179.66
    pyridine 33.15
    3-pentanone 23.67
    furfural 69.73
    n-dodecane 1.23
    diethylene glycol 135.25
    diisopropyl ether 8.43
    tert-amyl alcohol 42.01
    acetylacetone 35.56
    n-hexadecane 1.27
    acetophenone 16.05
    methyl propionate 35.33
    isopentyl acetate 10.02
    trichloroethylene 9.36
    n-nonanol 11.84
    cyclohexanol 27.99
    benzyl alcohol 21.84
    2-ethylhexanol 10.14
    isooctanol 11.02
    dipropyl ether 21.31
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 3.04
    ethyl lactate 31.82
    propylene carbonate 28.39
    n-methylformamide 265.96
    2-pentanol 32.67
    n-pentane 6.8
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 59.47
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 25.31
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 36.57
    mesitylene 5.46
    ε-caprolactone 27.75
    p-cymene 4.3
    epichlorohydrin 48.68
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 4.98
    2-aminoethanol 224.12
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 185.12
    sulfolane 104.68
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 1.66
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 42.64
    n-hexyl acetate 11.33
    isooctane 1.47
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 48.13
    sec-butyl acetate 8.96
    tert-butyl acetate 14.61
    decalin 1.6
    glycerin 244.81
    diglyme 92.03
    acrylic acid 68.26
    isopropyl myristate 6.16
    n-butyric acid 35.99
    acetyl acetate 11.41
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 9.46
    ethyl propionate 17.04
    nitromethane 136.47
    1,2-diethoxyethane 21.02
    benzonitrile 11.3
    trioctyl phosphate 8.58
    1-bromopropane 6.89
    gamma-valerolactone 92.16
    n-decanol 9.46
    triethyl phosphate 10.63
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 15.51
    propionitrile 30.82
    vinylene carbonate 25.36
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 58.53
    DMS 13.9
    cumene 3.63
    2-octanol 9.69
    2-hexanone 19.23
    octyl acetate 8.86
    limonene 5.48
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 147.4
    ethyl orthosilicate 10.28
    tributyl phosphate 8.33
    diacetone alcohol 39.39
    N,N-dimethylaniline 19.99
    acrylonitrile 47.27
    aniline 20.9
    1,3-propanediol 143.84
    bromobenzene 1.94
    dibromomethane 6.1
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 10.8
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 9.95
    tetrabutyl urea 17.37
    diisobutyl methanol 7.21
    2-phenylethanol 17.11
    styrene 4.2
    dioctyl adipate 10.62
    dimethyl sulfate 75.59
    ethyl butyrate 14.06
    methyl lactate 69.72
    butyl lactate 21.43
    diethyl carbonate 10.94
    propanediol butyl ether 49.92
    triethyl orthoformate 13.9
    p-tert-butyltoluene 4.65
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 22.13
    morpholine 117.67
    tert-butylamine 42.3
    n-dodecanol 7.78
    dimethoxymethane 219.63
    ethylene carbonate 23.5
    cyrene 47.1
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 15.59
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 7.67
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 4.07
    4-methylpyridine 26.35
    dibutyl ether 7.82
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 7.21
    DEF 62.58
    dimethyl isosorbide 48.45
    tetrachloroethylene 8.99
    eugenol 31.2
    triacetin 16.57
    span 80 29.69
    1,4-butanediol 78.64
    1,1-dichloroethane 8.08
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 17.63
    methyl formate 164.63
    2-methyl-1-butanol 32.17
    n-decane 1.73
    butyronitrile 25.39
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 8.05
    1-chlorooctane 3.32
    1-chlorotetradecane 2.0
    n-nonane 1.77
    undecane 1.41
    tert-butylcyclohexane 1.4
    cyclooctane 2.61
    cyclopentanol 54.42
    tetrahydropyran 37.4
    tert-amyl methyl ether 19.2
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 71.59
    1-hexene 7.88
    2-isopropoxyethanol 62.29
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 70.82
    methyl butyrate 23.28

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction