Silymarin

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    65666-07-1

    Molecular formula
    C25H22O10

    SMILES
    COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C(OC3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)C4C(C(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5O4)O)O)O)CO)O

    Safety labels

    Health Hazard
    Health

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 59.86%
    Vanilla 50.23%
    Phenolic 38.2%
    Sweet 34.67%
    Creamy 28.64%
    Spicy 26.96%
    Milky 26.04%
    Balsamic 25.78%
    Burnt 24.28%
    Smoky 23.48%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 89.24%
    Bland 29.99%
    Sweet-like 23.81%
    Odorless 23.61%
    Parsley 20.23%
    Cedarleaf 20.08%
    Lovage 19.82%
    Eugenol 19.65%
    Ethyl benzoate 18.72%
    Ripe apricot 18.54%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    2.4

    pKa est.
    9.46 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    482.4 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    1971°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 167 °C

    Flash point

    • 269.83 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • SILYMARIN
    • 65666-07-1
    • Silimarin
    • 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    • 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    • RefChem:931755
    • DTXSID5023580
    • 613-830-9
    • Silybin
    • (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[(2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    • 84604-20-6
    • Flavobin Spofa
    • Silymarin (>80%)
    • Silibin
    • 142796-20-1
    • 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]chroman-4-one
    • 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one
    • Apihepar
    • 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one,2-[2,3-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydro-3,5,7-trihydroxy-
    • SMR000058272
    • SR-01000000093
    • (2S)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[(2S,3R)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    • Silybin;Silibinin A;Silymarin I
    • Laragon
    • Silmyarin
    • Silibinin B
    • Silibinin, INN
    • 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one
    • Silybin (7CI)
    • Silybum substance E6
    • Silybin(Mixture A&B)
    • MLS000028529
    • MLS006011786
    • orb320548
    • (+/-)-SILYBIN
    • SCHEMBL678427
    • Silymarin (Mixture of isomers)
    • SCHEMBL29376891
    • DTXSID00860287
    • CHEBI:125451
    • HMS1608M08
    • HMS2232P05
    • HMS3372B20
    • HMS3373N17
    • HMS3656K09
    • HMS5080D16
    • 2,3-Dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxobenzopyran-2-yl)benzodioxin
    • CHB91857
    • LBA80417
    • Silymarin group, mixture of isomers
    • BBL027841
    • BDBM50218276
    • MFCD00017488
    • MSK158320
    • silybummarianum(linn.)gaertn.,extract
    • STK396325
    • AKOS000546856
    • AKOS021984433
    • Silybin ( of silybin A and silybin B)
    • NCGC00018179-02
    • NCGC00018179-03
    • NCGC00018179-04
    • NCGC00089738-02
    • NCGC00089738-03
    • VS-08600
    • NS00008723
    • C07610
    • Silibinin (mixture of Silybin A and Silybin B)
    • SR-01000000093-5
    • SR-01000000093-6
    • SR-01000000093-7
    • SR-01000000093-8
    • SR-01000000093-9
    • Q27216069
    • B0005-464964
    • (2R,3R)-2-[(2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzodioxin- 6-yl]-2,3-dihydro-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran- 4-one AND (2R,3R)-2-[(2S,3S)-2,3-Dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzodioxin- 6-yl]-2,3-dihydro-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran- 4-one
    • (2R,3R)-3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-o ne
    • 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydro-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
    • 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl]chroman-4-one
    • 84604-20-6

  • Applications

    Silymarin, a flavonolignan complex extracted from milk thistle, is primarily used in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals as an active ingredient in dietary supplement formulations; it is also employed in cosmetics and personal care as an antioxidant and protective ingredient for skin formulations; in addition, silymarin is evaluated for use in processed foods as a functional ingredient; in agriculture and animal nutrition, it is used as a feed additive with antioxidant properties to protect lipids and improve stability of nutritional components.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 15.3
    methanol 32.26
    isopropanol 6.92
    water 0.05
    ethyl acetate 4.46
    n-propanol 14.94
    acetone 17.42
    n-butanol 8.83
    acetonitrile 3.77
    DMF 144.54
    toluene 0.37
    isobutanol 3.86
    1,4-dioxane 24.96
    methyl acetate 6.15
    THF 63.32
    2-butanone 15.4
    n-pentanol 2.58
    sec-butanol 5.23
    n-hexane 0.01
    ethylene glycol 25.35
    NMP 59.03
    cyclohexane 0.03
    DMSO 283.58
    n-butyl acetate 1.01
    n-octanol 1.73
    chloroform 0.99
    n-propyl acetate 1.55
    acetic acid 33.73
    dichloromethane 1.39
    cyclohexanone 15.07
    propylene glycol 23.94
    isopropyl acetate 1.97
    DMAc 99.83
    2-ethoxyethanol 46.13
    isopentanol 2.74
    n-heptane 0.04
    ethyl formate 8.43
    1,2-dichloroethane 1.69
    n-hexanol 0.98
    2-methoxyethanol 154.56
    isobutyl acetate 0.46
    tetrachloromethane 0.11
    n-pentyl acetate 1.82
    transcutol 26.92
    n-heptanol 1.64
    ethylbenzene 0.11
    MIBK 2.12
    2-propoxyethanol 23.78
    tert-butanol 2.95
    MTBE 1.18
    2-butoxyethanol 11.35
    propionic acid 10.53
    o-xylene 0.21
    formic acid 47.67
    diethyl ether 3.02
    m-xylene 0.18
    p-xylene 0.11
    chlorobenzene 0.25
    dimethyl carbonate 8.24
    n-octane 0.03
    formamide 63.48
    cyclopentanone 32.95
    2-pentanone 8.84
    anisole 1.12
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 4.28
    gamma-butyrolactone 34.04
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 64.13
    pyridine 8.52
    3-pentanone 4.69
    furfural 24.06
    n-dodecane 0.03
    diethylene glycol 33.88
    diisopropyl ether 0.22
    tert-amyl alcohol 2.45
    acetylacetone 12.78
    n-hexadecane 0.04
    acetophenone 1.63
    methyl propionate 9.0
    isopentyl acetate 0.76
    trichloroethylene 3.31
    n-nonanol 1.83
    cyclohexanol 2.82
    benzyl alcohol 2.31
    2-ethylhexanol 0.49
    isooctanol 0.97
    dipropyl ether 1.45
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.22
    ethyl lactate 4.57
    propylene carbonate 5.98
    n-methylformamide 63.76
    2-pentanol 2.27
    n-pentane 0.03
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 10.68
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 5.09
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 8.59
    mesitylene 0.09
    ε-caprolactone 12.04
    p-cymene 0.1
    epichlorohydrin 32.53
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.3
    2-aminoethanol 33.35
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 71.3
    sulfolane 66.83
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.02
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 8.1
    n-hexyl acetate 2.35
    isooctane 0.01
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 13.74
    sec-butyl acetate 0.67
    tert-butyl acetate 1.76
    decalin 0.01
    glycerin 63.76
    diglyme 27.79
    acrylic acid 14.49
    isopropyl myristate 0.82
    n-butyric acid 10.76
    acetyl acetate 2.4
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 1.14
    ethyl propionate 1.91
    nitromethane 66.71
    1,2-diethoxyethane 4.43
    benzonitrile 1.05
    trioctyl phosphate 1.12
    1-bromopropane 0.59
    gamma-valerolactone 89.67
    n-decanol 1.18
    triethyl phosphate 0.98
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.61
    propionitrile 3.62
    vinylene carbonate 6.48
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 40.05
    DMS 2.35
    cumene 0.06
    2-octanol 0.86
    2-hexanone 2.2
    octyl acetate 1.51
    limonene 0.2
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 38.33
    ethyl orthosilicate 0.82
    tributyl phosphate 0.96
    diacetone alcohol 8.77
    N,N-dimethylaniline 0.72
    acrylonitrile 6.96
    aniline 1.9
    1,3-propanediol 46.86
    bromobenzene 0.14
    dibromomethane 0.54
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 2.56
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 0.85
    tetrabutyl urea 2.18
    diisobutyl methanol 0.31
    2-phenylethanol 1.29
    styrene 0.13
    dioctyl adipate 1.99
    dimethyl sulfate 17.74
    ethyl butyrate 1.45
    methyl lactate 21.01
    butyl lactate 3.54
    diethyl carbonate 0.86
    propanediol butyl ether 11.7
    triethyl orthoformate 1.57
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.1
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 3.13
    morpholine 49.45
    tert-butylamine 0.56
    n-dodecanol 0.74
    dimethoxymethane 64.47
    ethylene carbonate 5.04
    cyrene 12.12
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 4.99
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.49
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.41
    4-methylpyridine 3.9
    dibutyl ether 1.16
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.31
    DEF 17.11
    dimethyl isosorbide 11.5
    tetrachloroethylene 1.54
    eugenol 3.9
    triacetin 4.6
    span 80 6.87
    1,4-butanediol 9.51
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.6
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 1.08
    methyl formate 39.72
    2-methyl-1-butanol 3.28
    n-decane 0.06
    butyronitrile 2.82
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 0.83
    1-chlorooctane 0.34
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.13
    n-nonane 0.05
    undecane 0.05
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.01
    cyclooctane 0.02
    cyclopentanol 6.13
    tetrahydropyran 8.28
    tert-amyl methyl ether 1.25
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 17.78
    1-hexene 0.08
    2-isopropoxyethanol 12.2
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 11.1
    methyl butyrate 3.25

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction