Pyruvic Acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    127-17-3

    Molecular formula
    C3H4O3

    SMILES
    CC(=O)C(=O)O

    Safety labels

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Caramellic 79.62%
    Sour 60.71%
    Burnt 55.05%
    Buttery 54.42%
    Sweet 47.6%
    Sharp 46.52%
    Creamy 46.18%
    Fatty 38.49%
    Pungent 37.8%
    Milky 35.57%

     

    Flavor
    Sour 48.53%
    Caramel 40.48%
    Sweet 39.47%
    Caramellic 38.04%
    Odorless 36.18%
    Acidic 36.15%
    Creamy 34.63%
    Sharp 34.59%
    Buttery 34.16%
    Brown 32.48%

     

    Odor impact est.
    High

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -0.3

    pKa est.
    5.86 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    88.06 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Fast

    Melting point expt.

    • 13.8 °C

    Boiling point

    • 54 °C at 1.00E+01 mm Hg

    Flash point

    • 65.94 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 1000000 mg/L (at 20 °C)
    • 1000.0 mg/mL
    • miscible with water; soluble in organic solvents, oils
    • miscible at room temperature (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • Pyruvic acid
    • 2-Oxopropanoic acid
    • 127-17-3
    • acetylformic acid
    • Pyroracemic acid
    • 2-Oxopropionic acid
    • alpha-ketopropionic acid
    • Propanoic acid, 2-oxo-
    • 2-Ketopropionic acid
    • 2-Oxopropansaeure
    • 2-Oxopropanoate
    • 2-Oxopropionsaeure
    • alpha-Oxopropionsaeure
    • 2-oxo-propionic acid
    • acide pyruvique
    • Pyruvic acid (natural)
    • a-Ketopropionic acid
    • CH3COCOOH
    • Brenztraubensaeure
    • FEMA No. 2970
    • alpha-keto propionic acid
    • NSC 179
    • AI3-11220
    • .alpha.-Ketopropionic acid
    • EINECS 204-824-3
    • UNII-8558G7RUTR
    • BRN 0506211
    • 8558G7RUTR
    • DTXSID2021650
    • CHEBI:32816
    • Acid, Pyruvic
    • NSC-179
    • MFCD00002585
    • DTXCID801650
    • Propanoic acid, oxo-
    • 4-03-00-01505 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • 2-oxo-Propanoic acid
    • CAS-127-17-3
    • Pyruvic acid (8CI)
    • Acetylformate
    • Pyroracemate
    • a-Ketopropionate
    • Brenztraubensaure
    • 2-Oxopropionate
    • 2-Oxopropansaure
    • 2-oxopropionsaure
    • 2-Oxopropanoicacid
    • alpha-Ketopropionate
    • alpha-Oxopropionsaure
    • nchembio867-comp8
    • 2-oxo propanoic acid
    • Pyruvic acid, 95%
    • Pyruvic acid, 98%
    • 4b5s
    • Pyruvic acid (Standard)
    • 13C Labeled pyruvic acid
    • bmse000112
    • PYRUVIC ACID [MI]
    • Pyruvic acid-(1)(3)C
    • NCIOpen2_000039
    • PYRUVIC ACID [FHFI]
    • Pyruvic acid, p.a., 98%
    • PYRUVIC ACID [WHO-DD]
    • Pyruvic acid, >=97%, FG
    • GTPL4809
    • NSC179
    • CHEMBL1162144
    • BDBM19473
    • HY-Y0781R
    • Pyruvic acid, natural, >=80%
    • Propanoic acid, 2-oxo- (9CI)
    • HY-Y0781
    • ZDA12430
    • Tox21_202096
    • Tox21_303284
    • BBL027390
    • LMFA01060077
    • s3143
    • 2-Oxopropanoic acid, Pyroracemic acid
    • AKOS000118803
    • CS-W020190
    • DB00119
    • FP47120
    • NCGC00165990-01
    • NCGC00165990-02
    • NCGC00257000-01
    • NCGC00259645-01
    • Pyruvic acid, technical, >=95.0% (T)
    • DB-221803
    • NS00013170
    • P0579
    • EN300-21306
    • C00022
    • Q213580
    • BRD-K86587225-236-02-5
    • B3CFF0AD-2F35-484C-B062-4AC88A1B2830
    • F2191-0254
    • Z104495240
    • a-Ketopropionic acid;2-Oxopropionic acid;Acetylformic acid
    • InChI=1/C3H4O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h1H3,(H,5,6
    • Pyruvic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
    • 204-824-3

  • Applications

    Pyruvic acid (CAS 127-17-3) is a key α-keto compound widely applied in biochemical research on glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, used as a standard substrate for dehydrogenase assays, employed in cell and microbial culture media to adjust pH and provide carbon, serving as an intermediate for synthesizing pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, amino acids and food flavorings, utilized in cosmetics as a chemical peel due to its deep penetration and collagen-stimulating properties, incorporated into nutraceuticals to enhance energy metabolism and weight management, acting as a tracer in compound-specific isotope analysis (C-13/NMR), and further exploited in materials science, agricultural microbiology and biopolymer production.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 65.71
    methanol 117.15
    isopropanol 36.97
    water 238.18
    ethyl acetate 4.68
    n-propanol 35.04
    acetone 17.83
    n-butanol 30.3
    acetonitrile 10.87
    DMF 111.75
    toluene 1.53
    isobutanol 26.03
    1,4-dioxane 20.12
    methyl acetate 9.55
    THF 21.76
    2-butanone 11.98
    n-pentanol 19.5
    sec-butanol 31.14
    n-hexane 1.91
    ethylene glycol 59.41
    NMP 76.53
    cyclohexane 1.53
    DMSO 114.42
    n-butyl acetate 2.27
    n-octanol 7.87
    chloroform 3.75
    n-propyl acetate 2.95
    acetic acid 55.26
    dichloromethane 6.6
    cyclohexanone 10.22
    propylene glycol 42.26
    isopropyl acetate 3.66
    DMAc 91.76
    2-ethoxyethanol 54.53
    isopentanol 28.25
    n-heptane 1.25
    ethyl formate 16.08
    1,2-dichloroethane 5.96
    n-hexanol 8.82
    2-methoxyethanol 101.73
    isobutyl acetate 1.52
    tetrachloromethane 2.35
    n-pentyl acetate 4.68
    transcutol 57.4
    n-heptanol 9.7
    ethylbenzene 1.91
    MIBK 6.77
    2-propoxyethanol 20.61
    tert-butanol 51.17
    MTBE 15.45
    2-butoxyethanol 23.24
    propionic acid 19.85
    o-xylene 3.15
    formic acid 141.63
    diethyl ether 8.86
    m-xylene 1.83
    p-xylene 2.47
    chlorobenzene 1.14
    dimethyl carbonate 6.32
    n-octane 0.83
    formamide 167.19
    cyclopentanone 13.51
    2-pentanone 8.5
    anisole 6.11
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 7.97
    gamma-butyrolactone 18.09
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 51.67
    pyridine 7.59
    3-pentanone 5.69
    furfural 28.66
    n-dodecane 0.58
    diethylene glycol 37.21
    diisopropyl ether 2.94
    tert-amyl alcohol 50.39
    acetylacetone 8.83
    n-hexadecane 0.59
    acetophenone 6.61
    methyl propionate 6.5
    isopentyl acetate 2.77
    trichloroethylene 5.87
    n-nonanol 7.26
    cyclohexanol 13.11
    benzyl alcohol 9.84
    2-ethylhexanol 4.95
    isooctanol 8.33
    dipropyl ether 3.15
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 1.7
    ethyl lactate 6.03
    propylene carbonate 8.91
    n-methylformamide 64.69
    2-pentanol 17.2
    n-pentane 2.3
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 11.8
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 4.5
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 22.92
    mesitylene 1.8
    ε-caprolactone 11.1
    p-cymene 1.67
    epichlorohydrin 18.11
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 2.72
    2-aminoethanol 72.86
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 61.89
    sulfolane 36.48
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 1.91
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 16.12
    n-hexyl acetate 6.09
    isooctane 0.94
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 29.36
    sec-butyl acetate 2.17
    tert-butyl acetate 5.91
    decalin 0.98
    glycerin 70.98
    diglyme 47.86
    acrylic acid 22.45
    isopropyl myristate 2.6
    n-butyric acid 17.65
    acetyl acetate 3.01
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 5.75
    ethyl propionate 3.02
    nitromethane 51.01
    1,2-diethoxyethane 8.41
    benzonitrile 3.81
    trioctyl phosphate 4.06
    1-bromopropane 3.77
    gamma-valerolactone 30.2
    n-decanol 5.54
    triethyl phosphate 2.76
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 10.86
    propionitrile 6.85
    vinylene carbonate 7.97
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 24.99
    DMS 4.26
    cumene 2.22
    2-octanol 6.61
    2-hexanone 5.25
    octyl acetate 3.95
    limonene 2.3
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 49.45
    ethyl orthosilicate 2.93
    tributyl phosphate 3.74
    diacetone alcohol 21.23
    N,N-dimethylaniline 9.38
    acrylonitrile 9.14
    aniline 5.39
    1,3-propanediol 75.19
    bromobenzene 0.82
    dibromomethane 4.35
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 6.24
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 3.03
    tetrabutyl urea 7.24
    diisobutyl methanol 4.14
    2-phenylethanol 5.82
    styrene 1.86
    dioctyl adipate 4.27
    dimethyl sulfate 16.19
    ethyl butyrate 2.35
    methyl lactate 14.14
    butyl lactate 7.5
    diethyl carbonate 1.83
    propanediol butyl ether 25.83
    triethyl orthoformate 2.7
    p-tert-butyltoluene 1.75
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 12.38
    morpholine 31.46
    tert-butylamine 24.15
    n-dodecanol 4.15
    dimethoxymethane 32.56
    ethylene carbonate 5.79
    cyrene 22.99
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 7.28
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 1.88
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 2.19
    4-methylpyridine 7.67
    dibutyl ether 4.12
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 4.14
    DEF 23.83
    dimethyl isosorbide 19.77
    tetrachloroethylene 6.44
    eugenol 14.7
    triacetin 7.15
    span 80 15.04
    1,4-butanediol 34.58
    1,1-dichloroethane 3.21
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 19.82
    methyl formate 41.49
    2-methyl-1-butanol 28.17
    n-decane 0.91
    butyronitrile 8.06
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 7.11
    1-chlorooctane 2.0
    1-chlorotetradecane 1.03
    n-nonane 0.89
    undecane 0.71
    tert-butylcyclohexane 1.0
    cyclooctane 0.8
    cyclopentanol 18.17
    tetrahydropyran 9.2
    tert-amyl methyl ether 15.26
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 37.04
    1-hexene 3.62
    2-isopropoxyethanol 26.9
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 31.24
    methyl butyrate 6.07

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction