Propyl Gallate

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    121-79-9

    Molecular formula
    C10H12O5

    SMILES
    CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Environmental Hazard
    Environmental

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 67.62%
    Phenolic 43.9%
    Balsamic 32.64%
    Vanilla 30.46%
    Burnt 25.74%
    Spicy 22.64%
    Smoky 22.63%
    Milky 21.89%
    Creamy 18.58%
    Dry 18.12%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 68.13%
    Odorless 32.32%
    Bland 29.86%
    Mild 26.33%
    Vanilla 23.47%
    Sweet-like 22.72%
    Eugenol 22.21%
    Parsley 21.71%
    Ethyl benzoate 21.49%
    Ham 21.2%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    1.8

    pKa est.
    8.32 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    212.2 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 302 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • Between 146 °C and 150 °C after drying at 110 °C for four hours
    • 147-149 °C
    • 150 °C

    Boiling point

    • Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

    Flash point

    • 175.16 ˚C est.
    • 368 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 187 °C (369 °F) - closed cup

    Solubility expt.

    • less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • Slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol, ether and propane-1,2-diol
    • In water, 3490 mg/L at 25 deg, 2790 mg/L at 20 °C, 3790 mg/L at 30 °C
    • Solubility at 25 °C: in water 0.35 g/100 mL
    • Slightly soluble in acetone and 2-butanol
    • Solubility at 25 °C: in alcohol 103 g/100 g, in ether 83 g/100 g; Solubility at 30 °C: in cottonseed oil at 30 °C 1.23 g/100 g, in lard at 45 °C 1.14 g/100 g
    • 3.5 mg/mL at 25 °C

  • Synonyms

    • propyl gallate
    • 121-79-9
    • Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
    • N-Propyl gallate
    • Progallin P
    • Gallic acid, propyl ester
    • Tenox PG
    • Nipagallin P
    • Gallic acid propyl ester
    • NIPA 49
    • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester
    • Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, propyl ester
    • FEMA No. 2947
    • n-Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
    • Gallic acid n-propyl ester
    • Propylester kyseliny gallove
    • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzene-1-propylcarboxylate
    • Gallate, Propyl
    • n-Propyl ester of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid
    • Pro gallin P
    • Nipanox S 1
    • NSC 2626
    • NCI-C505888
    • CCRIS 541
    • Propyl gallate (NF)
    • Propyl gallate [NF]
    • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
    • 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid n-propyl ester
    • HSDB 591
    • Propyl galiate
    • n-propyl-gallate
    • Sustane PG
    • n-Propyl-3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoate
    • NSC-2626
    • Propyl gallate (e 310)
    • EINECS 204-498-2
    • Propylester kyseliny gallove [Czech]
    • Gallic acid, n-propyl ester
    • UNII-8D4SNN7V92
    • 8D4SNN7V92
    • INS NO.310
    • DTXSID5021201
    • AI3-17136
    • INS-310
    • NSC2626
    • Anhydrous propyl gallate (e 310)
    • Gallic acid-propyl ester
    • MFCD00002196
    • PROPYL GALLATE [II]
    • PROPYL GALLATE [MI]
    • CHEMBL7983
    • E310
    • PROPYL GALLATE [FCC]
    • PROPYL GALLATE [FHFI]
    • PROPYL GALLATE [HSDB]
    • PROPYL GALLATE [VANDF]
    • DTXCID901201
    • PROPYL GALLATE [MART.]
    • E-310
    • PROPYL GALLATE [USP-RS]
    • PROPYL GALLATE [WHO-DD]
    • CHEBI:10607
    • FEMA 2947
    • PROPYL GALLATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
    • NCGC00164234-01
    • PROPYL GALLATE (II)
    • PROPYL GALLATE (MART.)
    • PROPYL GALLATE (USP-RS)
    • Propylester kyseliny gallove (Czech)
    • PROPYL GALLATE (EP MONOGRAPH)
    • CAS-121-79-9
    • Propylgallate
    • nPropyl gallate
    • Propyl gallate, powder
    • Propyl gallate, 98%
    • 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-benzoic acid propyl ester
    • Propyl gallate (Standard)
    • Oprea1_580415
    • SCHEMBL22630
    • CBDivE_013134
    • 56274-95-4
    • BIDD:ER0334
    • Propyl 3,5-trihydroxybenzoate
    • PROPYL GALLATE [INCI]
    • WLN: QR BQ CQ EVO3
    • propyl 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoate
    • HY-N0524R
    • n-Propyl 3,5-trihydroxybenzoate
    • nPropyl 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoate
    • Propyl gallate, >=98%, FCC
    • NCI-C50588
    • BCP13340
    • HY-N0524
    • Tox21_113531
    • Tox21_202286
    • Tox21_300060
    • BDBM50032154
    • s5113
    • AKOS001603853
    • CCG-207932
    • DB12450
    • FP32547
    • 3,4,5Trihydroxybenzene1propylcarboxylate
    • NCGC00164234-02
    • NCGC00164234-03
    • NCGC00164234-04
    • NCGC00254138-01
    • NCGC00259835-01
    • 3,5-Trihydroxybenzene-1-propylcarboxylate
    • 3,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
    • AC-11365
    • AC-34485
    • AS-11986
    • NCI60_002094
    • Propyl gallate, USP, 98.0-102.0%
    • 3,4,5Trihydroxybenzoic acid npropyl ester
    • 3,4,5Trihydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester
    • DB-003766
    • DB-327302
    • Benzoic acid,4,5-trihydroxy-, propyl ester
    • CS-0009059
    • EU-0036319
    • G0018
    • NS00013163
    • Benzoic acid, 3,4,5trihydroxy, propyl ester
    • n-Propyl ester of 3,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid
    • nPropyl ester of 3,4,5trihydroxybenzoic acid
    • D02382

  • Applications

    Propyl gallate (PG), CAS 121-79-9, is a phenolic antioxidant widely employed in the food industry to protect fats, oils, shortenings, processed meats, oilseeds, spices and baked goods from rancidity, while in pharmaceuticals it serves as a stabilizer for light-sensitive vitamins, hormones and antibiotics, in cosmetics such as creams, lipsticks and shampoos it prevents UV-induced degradation, and in polymer packaging, adhesives, biodiesel, lubricating oils and rubber it prolongs shelf life, preserves color and flavor, improves thermal resistance, suppresses free-radical formation, and is typically used alone or synergistically with BHA, BHT or tocopherols to meet FAO/WHO, FDA and EU safety regulations.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 1039.15
    methanol 1599.35
    isopropanol 1009.11
    water 2.52
    ethyl acetate 741.05
    n-propanol 1067.96
    acetone 1354.46
    n-butanol 737.07
    acetonitrile 340.11
    DMF 2517.34
    toluene 45.11
    isobutanol 567.55
    1,4-dioxane 476.88
    methyl acetate 990.23
    THF 1279.28
    2-butanone 907.55
    n-pentanol 310.31
    sec-butanol 929.26
    n-hexane 1.64
    ethylene glycol 442.81
    NMP 646.64
    cyclohexane 4.15
    DMSO 2423.3
    n-butyl acetate 158.74
    n-octanol 63.98
    chloroform 27.08
    n-propyl acetate 196.52
    acetic acid 697.99
    dichloromethane 58.58
    cyclohexanone 301.79
    propylene glycol 458.86
    isopropyl acetate 255.41
    DMAc 1654.6
    2-ethoxyethanol 912.79
    isopentanol 494.3
    n-heptane 2.97
    ethyl formate 278.19
    1,2-dichloroethane 118.4
    n-hexanol 183.5
    2-methoxyethanol 1868.99
    isobutyl acetate 57.36
    tetrachloromethane 4.68
    n-pentyl acetate 79.98
    transcutol 700.8
    n-heptanol 78.37
    ethylbenzene 25.63
    MIBK 222.71
    2-propoxyethanol 451.63
    tert-butanol 1636.11
    MTBE 694.65
    2-butoxyethanol 200.82
    propionic acid 455.06
    o-xylene 39.5
    formic acid 730.11
    diethyl ether 435.69
    m-xylene 36.96
    p-xylene 25.36
    chlorobenzene 26.11
    dimethyl carbonate 267.05
    n-octane 2.0
    formamide 1872.98
    cyclopentanone 583.39
    2-pentanone 624.46
    anisole 144.9
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 333.03
    gamma-butyrolactone 638.01
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 1158.94
    pyridine 246.11
    3-pentanone 304.52
    furfural 360.39
    n-dodecane 2.23
    diethylene glycol 487.07
    diisopropyl ether 62.17
    tert-amyl alcohol 1295.9
    acetylacetone 489.2
    n-hexadecane 2.52
    acetophenone 132.28
    methyl propionate 682.01
    isopentyl acetate 128.36
    trichloroethylene 147.39
    n-nonanol 58.79
    cyclohexanol 249.09
    benzyl alcohol 169.34
    2-ethylhexanol 69.25
    isooctanol 59.5
    dipropyl ether 61.35
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 24.66
    ethyl lactate 98.34
    propylene carbonate 185.43
    n-methylformamide 1315.42
    2-pentanol 470.02
    n-pentane 4.57
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 239.66
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 200.71
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 157.92
    mesitylene 19.76
    ε-caprolactone 302.84
    p-cymene 17.61
    epichlorohydrin 749.08
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 35.07
    2-aminoethanol 891.34
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 656.44
    sulfolane 590.34
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 5.07
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 703.51
    n-hexyl acetate 101.43
    isooctane 2.91
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 243.48
    sec-butyl acetate 112.65
    tert-butyl acetate 286.74
    decalin 2.89
    glycerin 535.75
    diglyme 455.88
    acrylic acid 334.94
    isopropyl myristate 36.26
    n-butyric acid 428.79
    acetyl acetate 172.75
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 35.12
    ethyl propionate 163.33
    nitromethane 1477.94
    1,2-diethoxyethane 179.7
    benzonitrile 79.62
    trioctyl phosphate 30.22
    1-bromopropane 49.95
    gamma-valerolactone 611.83
    n-decanol 45.65
    triethyl phosphate 40.44
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 156.4
    propionitrile 237.97
    vinylene carbonate 138.54
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 374.9
    DMS 109.51
    cumene 16.58
    2-octanol 49.64
    2-hexanone 177.71
    octyl acetate 53.45
    limonene 29.31
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 694.65
    ethyl orthosilicate 38.91
    tributyl phosphate 31.9
    diacetone alcohol 562.07
    N,N-dimethylaniline 87.68
    acrylonitrile 329.83
    aniline 163.39
    1,3-propanediol 981.39
    bromobenzene 17.9
    dibromomethane 30.49
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 105.61
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 57.8
    tetrabutyl urea 51.22
    diisobutyl methanol 43.96
    2-phenylethanol 123.3
    styrene 31.15
    dioctyl adipate 52.87
    dimethyl sulfate 341.31
    ethyl butyrate 91.91
    methyl lactate 322.73
    butyl lactate 72.77
    diethyl carbonate 57.47
    propanediol butyl ether 155.34
    triethyl orthoformate 51.15
    p-tert-butyltoluene 20.24
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 99.42
    morpholine 918.8
    tert-butylamine 442.85
    n-dodecanol 34.15
    dimethoxymethane 1210.69
    ethylene carbonate 119.75
    cyrene 151.49
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 172.57
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 73.83
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 39.05
    4-methylpyridine 259.17
    dibutyl ether 47.61
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 43.96
    DEF 690.45
    dimethyl isosorbide 198.7
    tetrachloroethylene 62.08
    eugenol 99.58
    triacetin 95.28
    span 80 96.84
    1,4-butanediol 302.72
    1,1-dichloroethane 62.46
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 231.58
    methyl formate 812.88
    2-methyl-1-butanol 532.22
    n-decane 3.32
    butyronitrile 194.6
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 68.08
    1-chlorooctane 17.02
    1-chlorotetradecane 7.75
    n-nonane 2.8
    undecane 2.69
    tert-butylcyclohexane 2.96
    cyclooctane 2.04
    cyclopentanol 349.59
    tetrahydropyran 385.69
    tert-amyl methyl ether 494.96
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 294.56
    1-hexene 15.09
    2-isopropoxyethanol 440.45
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 193.4
    methyl butyrate 209.88

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction