Piperine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    94-62-2

    Molecular formula
    C17H19NO3

    SMILES
    C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)/C=C/C=C/C2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3

    Safety labels

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

  • Odor profile

    Spicy 58.67%
    Warm 25.86%
    Herbal 25.86%
    Meaty 24.56%
    Savory 24.14%
    Roasted 23.74%
    Fruity 21.36%
    Sweet 19.59%
    Cooked 19.13%
    Cinnamon 18.87%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    3.5

    Molecular weight
    285.34 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 129 °C

    Boiling point

    • 498.00 to 499.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

    Flash point est.
    201.25 ˚C

    Solubility expt.

    • 0.04 mg/mL at 18 °C
    • Very slightly soluble in water; Soluble in ether, oils
    • Soluble (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • piperine
    • 94-62-2
    • 1-Piperoylpiperidine
    • Piperin
    • Bioperine
    • 7780-20-3
    • Piperoylpiperidine
    • FEMA No. 2909
    • (E,E)-1-piperoylpiperidine
    • Piperidine, 1-piperoyl-, (E,E)-
    • CCRIS 5572
    • 1-Piperoylpiperidine, (E,E)-
    • piperidine, 1-[(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]-
    • (2E,4E)-5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    • AI 3-01439
    • EINECS 202-348-0
    • UNII-U71XL721QK
    • NSC 21727
    • NSC-21727
    • Piperine [USP]
    • N-(E,E)-piperoyl-piperidine
    • (2E,4E)-5-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    • U71XL721QK
    • N-[(E,E)-Piperoyl]piperidine
    • 1-Piperoyl-piperidine
    • DTXSID3021805
    • CHEBI:28821
    • (2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-piperidin-1-ylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one
    • MFCD00005839
    • 1-[(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)penta-2,4-dienoyl]piperidine
    • 1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperine
    • CHEMBL43185
    • Piperidine, 1-(5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl)-, (E,E)-
    • DTXCID701805
    • 1-(5-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl)piperidine, (E,E)-
    • NSC21727
    • Piperine (USP)
    • Piperidine, 1-(5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl)-
    • PIPERINE (USP-RS)
    • PIPERINE [USP-RS]
    • 1-[(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]piperidine
    • Piperidine, 1-((2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl)-
    • Piperidine, 1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]-, (E,E)-
    • N-((E,E)-Piperoyl)piperidine
    • 1-[(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,4-pentadienoyl]piperidine
    • (E,E)-1-(5-(1,3-BENZODIOXOL-5-YL)-2,4-PENTADIENOYL)PIPERIDINE
    • 5-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    • SMR000112278
    • Piperine (aliphatic)
    • SR-01000638580
    • Piperidine, 1-piperoyl-
    • Bioperine;1-Piperoylpiperidine
    • 1-((2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,4-pentadienoyl)piperidine
    • 1-((2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)penta-2,4-dienoyl)piperidine
    • 1-((2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl)piperidine
    • (2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    • CAS-94-62-2
    • 1-Piperylpiperidine
    • Prestwick_398
    • (Z/E)-Piperine
    • Piperine1537
    • Piperine (Standard)
    • NSC 242267
    • Piperine, >=97%
    • ST079380
    • starbld0008505
    • Piperidine, (E,E)-
    • PIPERINE [FHFI]
    • AI3-01439
    • PIPERINE [MI]
    • Prestwick2_000474
    • Prestwick3_000474
    • Spectrum5_001507
    • PIPERINE [WHO-DD]
    • Piperine, >=97%, FG
    • SCHEMBL94058
    • SCHEMBL94059
    • BSPBio_000608
    • BSPBio_002515
    • Piperine, analytical standard
    • MLS002153830
    • MLS002473213
    • BIDD:ER0675
    • SPECTRUM1500873
    • BPBio1_000670
    • GTPL2489
    • N-EE-PIPEROYL-PIPERIDINE
    • Piperine (1-Piperoylpiperidine)
    • CHEBI:93043
    • FEMA 2909
    • HMS502P16
    • HY-N0144R
    • N-[(E,E)-piperoyl]-piperidine
    • HMS1569O10
    • HMS1921M12
    • HMS2092M22
    • HMS2096O10
    • HMS2270M18
    • Pharmakon1600-01500873
    • 1-trans,trans-piperinoyl-piperidine
    • BCP18901
    • HY-N0144
    • Tox21_201990
    • Tox21_302746
    • ((1-5-(1,3)-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl)piperidine
    • (1-(5-(1,3)-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl)piperidine
    • 1-(5-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl)piperidine
    • 1-PIPEROYL-(E,E)-PIPERIDINE
    • BBL027541
    • BDBM50148573
    • CCG-39991
    • MSK185769
    • NSC757803
    • s2344
    • STL377909
    • (2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(1-piperidyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    • AKOS003369047
    • AKOS040750229
    • CS-6155
    • DB12582
    • FP27074
    • NSC-757803
    • SDCCGMLS-0066693.P001
    • IDI1_000954
    • NCGC00094872-01
    • NCGC00094872-02
    • NCGC00094872-03
    • NCGC00094872-04

  • Applications

    Piperine (CAS 94-62-2) is the pungent alkaloid that gives black pepper its characteristic heat and has found multifaceted use in the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries; in flavor technology it functions as a taste enhancer and aroma stabilizer, while in nutrition and traditional medicine it is valued for stimulating gastric secretion and improving the intestinal absorption of vitamins A and C, selenium and poorly soluble actives such as curcumin, resveratrol and coenzyme Q10, which is why it is incorporated into dietary supplements as a bioavailability enhancer; in modern drug formulation piperine is being explored as a natural inhibitor of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein to lower dose requirements and boost the efficacy of antibiotics, anticancer agents and neuro-therapeutics; in vitro and in vivo studies further report antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, neuroprotective and antiproliferative properties, positioning piperine as a promising ingredient in anti-aging products, immune-support complexes, skin and hair care lines, as well as in veterinary preparations and eco-friendly biopesticides.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 40.7
    methanol 38.44
    isopropanol 35.64
    water 0.15
    ethyl acetate 51.35
    n-propanol 36.92
    acetone 41.29
    n-butanol 38.69
    acetonitrile 60.52
    DMF 67.97
    toluene 33.33
    isobutanol 27.68
    1,4-dioxane 81.9
    methyl acetate 55.2
    THF 107.06
    2-butanone 62.16
    n-pentanol 34.89
    sec-butanol 38.15
    n-hexane 0.91
    ethylene glycol 18.71
    NMP 38.98
    cyclohexane 2.38
    DMSO 131.4
    n-butyl acetate 32.1
    n-octanol 9.43
    chloroform 300.6
    n-propyl acetate 41.26
    acetic acid 81.37
    dichloromethane 312.74
    cyclohexanone 76.93
    propylene glycol 29.77
    isopropyl acetate 31.91
    DMAc 126.19
    2-ethoxyethanol 96.43
    isopentanol 35.47
    n-heptane 0.94
    ethyl formate 42.66
    1,2-dichloroethane 142.99
    n-hexanol 21.84
    2-methoxyethanol 104.42
    isobutyl acetate 26.53
    tetrachloromethane 13.94
    n-pentyl acetate 20.58
    transcutol 234.84
    n-heptanol 11.65
    ethylbenzene 14.25
    MIBK 30.8
    2-propoxyethanol 67.21
    tert-butanol 26.17
    MTBE 17.06
    2-butoxyethanol 39.76
    propionic acid 43.82
    o-xylene 16.95
    formic acid 47.78
    diethyl ether 28.91
    m-xylene 16.16
    p-xylene 18.38
    chlorobenzene 45.65
    dimethyl carbonate 31.53
    n-octane 0.78
    formamide 85.43
    cyclopentanone 74.77
    2-pentanone 44.3
    anisole 35.79
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 33.16
    gamma-butyrolactone 82.97
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 79.51
    pyridine 113.57
    3-pentanone 39.53
    furfural 105.24
    n-dodecane 0.97
    diethylene glycol 74.21
    diisopropyl ether 7.42
    tert-amyl alcohol 29.79
    acetylacetone 53.1
    n-hexadecane 1.1
    acetophenone 43.46
    methyl propionate 45.41
    isopentyl acetate 30.56
    trichloroethylene 259.07
    n-nonanol 11.22
    cyclohexanol 36.87
    benzyl alcohol 46.46
    2-ethylhexanol 14.73
    isooctanol 11.93
    dipropyl ether 13.5
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 43.83
    ethyl lactate 35.48
    propylene carbonate 54.38
    n-methylformamide 47.65
    2-pentanol 27.16
    n-pentane 0.94
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 43.84
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 45.45
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 53.3
    mesitylene 9.01
    ε-caprolactone 64.97
    p-cymene 9.46
    epichlorohydrin 149.58
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 65.22
    2-aminoethanol 34.7
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 79.01
    sulfolane 82.09
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 1.12
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 53.54
    n-hexyl acetate 25.12
    isooctane 0.7
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 71.25
    sec-butyl acetate 29.08
    tert-butyl acetate 27.41
    decalin 1.8
    glycerin 50.04
    diglyme 120.57
    acrylic acid 47.43
    isopropyl myristate 13.69
    n-butyric acid 63.69
    acetyl acetate 37.46
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 21.12
    ethyl propionate 36.19
    nitromethane 111.62
    1,2-diethoxyethane 55.47
    benzonitrile 57.13
    trioctyl phosphate 12.38
    1-bromopropane 49.37
    gamma-valerolactone 99.84
    n-decanol 9.49
    triethyl phosphate 21.45
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 16.32
    propionitrile 52.78
    vinylene carbonate 58.96
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 117.91
    DMS 35.06
    cumene 9.94
    2-octanol 8.0
    2-hexanone 36.64
    octyl acetate 17.15
    limonene 10.15
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 92.64
    ethyl orthosilicate 19.84
    tributyl phosphate 17.45
    diacetone alcohol 41.09
    N,N-dimethylaniline 21.87
    acrylonitrile 68.81
    aniline 50.97
    1,3-propanediol 55.8
    bromobenzene 44.52
    dibromomethane 153.03
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 170.86
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 27.5
    tetrabutyl urea 22.54
    diisobutyl methanol 9.41
    2-phenylethanol 35.7
    styrene 18.91
    dioctyl adipate 24.86
    dimethyl sulfate 43.94
    ethyl butyrate 31.18
    methyl lactate 39.16
    butyl lactate 27.66
    diethyl carbonate 27.08
    propanediol butyl ether 34.93
    triethyl orthoformate 26.06
    p-tert-butyltoluene 7.51
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 34.79
    morpholine 100.55
    tert-butylamine 12.28
    n-dodecanol 7.88
    dimethoxymethane 65.27
    ethylene carbonate 49.59
    cyrene 48.48
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 41.34
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 24.86
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 51.58
    4-methylpyridine 72.15
    dibutyl ether 15.71
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 9.41
    DEF 49.49
    dimethyl isosorbide 69.81
    tetrachloroethylene 98.5
    eugenol 40.79
    triacetin 42.93
    span 80 33.27
    1,4-butanediol 34.51
    1,1-dichloroethane 96.12
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 32.95
    methyl formate 39.55
    2-methyl-1-butanol 34.78
    n-decane 1.35
    butyronitrile 50.53
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 13.58
    1-chlorooctane 6.78
    1-chlorotetradecane 3.86
    n-nonane 1.07
    undecane 1.11
    tert-butylcyclohexane 1.26
    cyclooctane 0.93
    cyclopentanol 31.37
    tetrahydropyran 59.88
    tert-amyl methyl ether 17.29
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 95.05
    1-hexene 5.98
    2-isopropoxyethanol 60.22
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 42.68
    methyl butyrate 44.63

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction