Pilocarpine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    92-13-7

    Molecular formula
    C11H16N2O2

    SMILES
    CC[C@H]1[C@H](COC1=O)CC2=CN=CN2C

    Safety labels

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Roasted 40.64%
    Nutty 39.86%
    Odorless 39.58%
    Popcorn 30.97%
    Burnt 21.65%
    Caramellic 20.4%
    Meaty 18.49%
    Savory 17.1%
    Chocolate 16.94%
    Cooked 16.53%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 76.9%
    Cedarleaf 22.17%
    Bland 20.83%
    Lovage 20.76%
    Sweet-like 20.5%
    Parsley 20.21%
    Odorless 19.95%
    Carrot 19.76%
    Leaves 19.65%
    Green pepper 19.44%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Medium

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    1.1

    pKa est.
    6.76 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    208.26 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 195-205
    • 34 °C

    Boiling point

    • 260 °C @ 5 MM HG (PARTIAL CONVERSION TO ISOPILOCARPINE)

    Flash point

    • 155.85 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • FREELY SOL IN ETHANOL; INSOL IN DIETHYL ETHER /HCL/
    • SOL IN WATER, ALC, CHLOROFORM; SPARINGLY SOL IN ETHER, BENZENE; ALMOST INSOL IN PETROLEUM ETHER
    • SOL IN ETHANOL, DIETHYL ETHER
    • 2.07e+00 g/L

  • Synonyms

    • pilocarpine
    • 92-13-7
    • Pilokarpin
    • Pilocarpol
    • Syncarpine
    • Ocusert pilo
    • Pilocarpin
    • Spersacarpine
    • Ocusert pilo-20
    • Ocusert Pilo-40
    • Ocusert P 20
    • ocucarpine
    • Pilocarpine muriate
    • Pilovisc
    • Pilocarpinum
    • Spersacarpine hydrochloride
    • Pilokarpin monohydrochloride
    • 01MI4Q9DI3
    • DTXSID1021162
    • (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    • (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
    • Imidazole-5-butyric acid, alpha-ethyl-beta-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-, gamma-lactone
    • CHEBI:8207
    • DTXCID901162
    • (3S,4R)-3-ethyldihydro-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    • Hydrochloride, Pilocarpine
    • (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-((3-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl)oxolan-2-one
    • (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)oxolan-2-one
    • Nitrate, Pilocarpine
    • RefChem:56450
    • CHEBI:39462
    • Pilocarpine Mononitrate, (3S-cis)-
    • Pilocarpine, Monohydrochloride, (3S-cis)-
    • 202-128-4
    • (+)-Pilocarpine
    • Isoptocarpine
    • Epicar
    • Pilocarpine chloride
    • (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    • (3S,4R)-3-Ethyl-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    • Pilokarpol
    • CHEMBL550
    • (3S-cis)-3-Ethyldihydro-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    • (3S-cis)-3-ethyldihydro-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone
    • MFCD00153042
    • 2(3H)-Furanone, 3-ethyldihydro-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-, (3S,4R)-
    • 92-13-7 (FREE BASE)
    • NCGC00023339-09
    • Pilocarpine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
    • (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl]tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    • 2(3H)-Furanone, 3-ethyldihydro-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-, (3S,4R)-
    • Pilocarpine nitrate salt
    • Pilocarpine (Hydrochloride)
    • CAS-92-13-7
    • HSDB 3163
    • Pilocarpine (JAN/USP)
    • EINECS 202-128-4
    • Ocusert pilo-20 (TN)
    • UNII-01MI4Q9DI3
    • Pilocaroine
    • Pilocarpine [USP:BAN:JAN]
    • AI3-50523
    • (3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methylimidazol-5-yl)methyl]-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one
    • Ocucarpine; Ocusert P 20; Ocusert Pilo
    • Spectrum_001107
    • Tocris-0694
    • PILOCARPINE [MI]
    • Prestwick0_000449
    • Prestwick1_000449
    • Prestwick2_000449
    • Prestwick3_000449
    • Spectrum2_001284
    • Spectrum3_000546
    • Spectrum4_000478
    • Spectrum5_001379
    • PILOCARPINE [JAN]
    • PILOCARPINE [HSDB]
    • PILOCARPINE [VANDF]
    • PILOCARPINUM [HPUS]
    • PILOCARPINE [MART.]
    • Lopac0_000950
    • Lopac0_000960
    • SCHEMBL15146
    • BSPBio_000498
    • BSPBio_002191
    • GTPL305
    • KBioGR_000956
    • KBioSS_001587
    • PILOCARPINE [USP-RS]
    • PILOCARPINE [WHO-DD]
    • BIDD:GT0217
    • DivK1c_000358
    • SPBio_001287
    • SPBio_002437
    • BPBio1_000548
    • HY-B0726A
    • KBio1_000358
    • KBio2_001587
    • KBio2_004155
    • KBio2_006723
    • KBio3_001691
    • PILOCARPINE [ORANGE BOOK]
    • NINDS_000358
    • GLXC-20879
    • HMS2089K17
    • PILOCARPINE [USP MONOGRAPH]
    • MSK40310
    • Tox21_110887
    • BDBM50008072
    • EBC-26203
    • SBB012409
    • AKOS016010311
    • Tox21_110887_1
    • CCG-205031
    • DB01085
    • FP05587
    • SDCCGMLS-0003164.P005
    • SDCCGSBI-0050924.P006
    • IDI1_000358
    • NCGC00023339-03
    • NCGC00023339-06
    • NCGC00023339-07
    • NCGC00023339-08
    • NCGC00023339-10
    • NCGC00023339-11
    • NCGC00023339-12
    • NCGC00023339-13
    • 92-13-7

  • Applications

    Pilocarpine, CAS 92-13-7, is primarily used as a pharmaceutical active in ophthalmology as a topical miotic agent in eye drops, enabling pupil constriction and serving as an adjunct in diagnostic or surgical procedures; as a cholinergic alkaloid, it also functions as a research tool in pharmacology and biochemistry to explore cholinergic mechanisms; it may be considered for saliva stimulation in dry-mouth conditions and has a role in xerostomia management; in analytical and quality-control workflows, pilocarpine is often used as a reference standard or component in assessments of formulation properties and purity.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 457.06
    methanol 1090.75
    isopropanol 259.62
    water 147.91
    ethyl acetate 215.94
    n-propanol 274.7
    acetone 391.62
    n-butanol 237.55
    acetonitrile 322.35
    DMF 711.85
    toluene 130.54
    isobutanol 228.37
    1,4-dioxane 321.77
    methyl acetate 206.12
    THF 373.03
    2-butanone 228.24
    n-pentanol 128.21
    sec-butanol 170.55
    n-hexane 1.59
    ethylene glycol 254.27
    NMP 431.7
    cyclohexane 6.19
    DMSO 582.12
    n-butyl acetate 94.19
    n-octanol 22.28
    chloroform 1289.61
    n-propyl acetate 97.71
    acetic acid 1123.52
    dichloromethane 1372.25
    cyclohexanone 354.97
    propylene glycol 192.69
    isopropyl acetate 126.36
    DMAc 470.23
    2-ethoxyethanol 334.27
    isopentanol 222.66
    n-heptane 1.01
    ethyl formate 313.98
    1,2-dichloroethane 527.53
    n-hexanol 69.87
    2-methoxyethanol 673.23
    isobutyl acetate 71.35
    tetrachloromethane 128.29
    n-pentyl acetate 55.4
    transcutol 480.98
    n-heptanol 35.62
    ethylbenzene 43.34
    MIBK 115.91
    2-propoxyethanol 200.57
    tert-butanol 226.85
    MTBE 88.89
    2-butoxyethanol 121.84
    propionic acid 329.25
    o-xylene 81.03
    formic acid 1405.66
    diethyl ether 76.93
    m-xylene 93.44
    p-xylene 77.16
    chlorobenzene 275.58
    dimethyl carbonate 135.13
    n-octane 0.67
    formamide 1506.15
    cyclopentanone 405.28
    2-pentanone 177.0
    anisole 115.19
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 129.74
    gamma-butyrolactone 543.18
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 335.72
    pyridine 469.97
    3-pentanone 113.18
    furfural 771.54
    n-dodecane 0.84
    diethylene glycol 257.53
    diisopropyl ether 20.67
    tert-amyl alcohol 163.76
    acetylacetone 258.72
    n-hexadecane 0.99
    acetophenone 160.57
    methyl propionate 167.38
    isopentyl acetate 93.26
    trichloroethylene 1437.03
    n-nonanol 22.09
    cyclohexanol 169.01
    benzyl alcohol 206.88
    2-ethylhexanol 33.81
    isooctanol 33.24
    dipropyl ether 18.36
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 233.53
    ethyl lactate 78.02
    propylene carbonate 312.28
    n-methylformamide 668.81
    2-pentanol 105.04
    n-pentane 2.61
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 96.91
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 119.77
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 97.05
    mesitylene 42.76
    ε-caprolactone 275.0
    p-cymene 23.75
    epichlorohydrin 649.13
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 395.68
    2-aminoethanol 387.7
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 394.68
    sulfolane 478.17
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 3.76
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 226.45
    n-hexyl acetate 59.65
    isooctane 2.57
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 135.54
    sec-butyl acetate 66.44
    tert-butyl acetate 101.76
    decalin 4.29
    glycerin 334.28
    diglyme 258.51
    acrylic acid 457.33
    isopropyl myristate 21.3
    n-butyric acid 490.45
    acetyl acetate 200.73
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 46.98
    ethyl propionate 74.58
    nitromethane 1279.23
    1,2-diethoxyethane 76.46
    benzonitrile 244.07
    trioctyl phosphate 26.49
    1-bromopropane 134.93
    gamma-valerolactone 580.92
    n-decanol 15.81
    triethyl phosphate 41.8
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 66.91
    propionitrile 200.61
    vinylene carbonate 381.57
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 658.44
    DMS 97.78
    cumene 31.5
    2-octanol 21.08
    2-hexanone 85.8
    octyl acetate 29.67
    limonene 26.74
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 280.73
    ethyl orthosilicate 37.79
    tributyl phosphate 34.54
    diacetone alcohol 157.41
    N,N-dimethylaniline 77.9
    acrylonitrile 354.26
    aniline 272.1
    1,3-propanediol 469.78
    bromobenzene 247.03
    dibromomethane 563.2
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 818.64
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 60.09
    tetrabutyl urea 40.75
    diisobutyl methanol 20.42
    2-phenylethanol 118.2
    styrene 58.79
    dioctyl adipate 41.0
    dimethyl sulfate 218.04
    ethyl butyrate 59.66
    methyl lactate 138.98
    butyl lactate 67.91
    diethyl carbonate 56.42
    propanediol butyl ether 104.65
    triethyl orthoformate 47.03
    p-tert-butyltoluene 21.86
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 92.48
    morpholine 360.83
    tert-butylamine 94.25
    n-dodecanol 11.31
    dimethoxymethane 275.28
    ethylene carbonate 278.6
    cyrene 151.36
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 105.61
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 65.29
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 291.92
    4-methylpyridine 426.3
    dibutyl ether 15.66
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 20.42
    DEF 200.08
    dimethyl isosorbide 150.1
    tetrachloroethylene 616.09
    eugenol 103.83
    triacetin 87.92
    span 80 77.15
    1,4-butanediol 172.61
    1,1-dichloroethane 515.32
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 127.95
    methyl formate 515.01
    2-methyl-1-butanol 181.48
    n-decane 1.22
    butyronitrile 216.22
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 29.64
    1-chlorooctane 10.1
    1-chlorotetradecane 4.15
    n-nonane 0.97
    undecane 0.98
    tert-butylcyclohexane 3.75
    cyclooctane 1.94
    cyclopentanol 207.07
    tetrahydropyran 180.18
    tert-amyl methyl ether 62.57
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 162.06
    1-hexene 11.43
    2-isopropoxyethanol 171.71
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 615.76
    methyl butyrate 129.6

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction