Phenylpyruvic acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    156-06-9

    Molecular formula
    C9H8O3

    SMILES
    C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(=O)C(=O)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Sweet 76.54%
    Honey 62.91%
    Caramellic 55.5%
    Green 54.5%
    Balsamic 45.63%
    Spicy 42.48%
    Almond 38.52%
    Fatty 37.96%
    Creamy 34.25%
    Powdery 33.28%

     

    Flavor
    Sweet 55.03%
    Balsam 41.44%
    Honey 40.84%
    Fruity 36.5%
    Sour 34.84%
    Odorless 31.04%
    Balsamic 29.27%
    Faint 29.01%
    Creamy 27.11%
    Mild 25.69%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Medium

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    1.3

    pKa est.
    5.74 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    164.16 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    303°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 154 °C

    Flash point

    • 151.93 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 112 mg/mL
    • Soluble in water
    • Soluble (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • phenylpyruvic acid
    • 156-06-9
    • 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid
    • 3-Phenylpyruvic acid
    • phenylpyruvate
    • Pyruvic acid, phenyl-
    • beta-Phenylpyruvic acid
    • Benzenepropanoic acid, alpha-oxo-
    • Phenyl pyruvic acid
    • Phenylpyroracemic acid
    • keto-phenylpyruvic acid
    • 3-Phenyl-2-oxopropanoic acid
    • 2-OXO-3-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID
    • Benzenepropanoic acid, .alpha.-oxo-
    • CHEBI:30851
    • 3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate
    • .beta.-Phenylpyruvic acid
    • alpha-ketohydrocinnamic acid
    • 2-Oxo-3-phenylpropanic acid
    • DTXSID1042281
    • Phenylbrenztraubensaeure
    • X7CO62M413
    • EINECS 205-847-1
    • MFCD00002589
    • alpha-oxo-benzenepropanoic acid
    • 2-oxo-3-phenyl-propionic acid
    • ALPHA-KETO-PHENYLALANINE
    • DTXCID9022281
    • FEMA NO. 3892
    • PHENYLPYRUVIC ACID [WHO-DD]
    • 3-PHENYL-2-OXO PROPIONIC ACID
    • .ALPHA.-OXOBENZENEPROPANOIC ACID
    • 2-OXO-3-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID [FHFI]
    • a-Oxobenzenepropanoic Acid
    • b-phenylpyruvic acid
    • PPY
    • 2-oxo-3-phenyl-propanoic acid
    • alpha-ketophenylalanine
    • alpha-Keto-DL-phenylalanine
    • UNII-X7CO62M413
    • b-Phenylpyruvate
    • Phenylpyroracemate
    • 4kif
    • beta-Phenylpyruvate
    • phenyl-pyruvic acid
    • 3Phenylpyruvic acid
    • a-oxo-Benzenepropanoic acid; 2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid; Phenylpyroracemic acid; ss-Phenylpyruvic acid
    • a-hydroxycinnamic acid
    • 3-Phenyl-pyruvic acid
    • alpha-Ketohydrocinnamate
    • starbld0007879
    • 2Oxo3phenylpropanoic acid
    • 2Oxo3phenylpropionic acid
    • 3Phenyl2oxopropanoic acid
    • Phenylpyruvic acid, 98%
    • SCHEMBL43235
    • Phenylpyruvic acid (Standard)
    • Benzenepropanoic acid, alphaoxo
    • a-Oxobenzenepropanoic acid, 9CI
    • CHEMBL1162488
    • FEMA 3892
    • HY-W012530R
    • Tox21_301362
    • ALPHA-OXOBENZENEPROPANOIC ACID
    • BDBM50167651
    • s6131
    • AKOS000161798
    • CS-W013246
    • DB03884
    • FP11833
    • HY-W012530
    • Phenylpyruvic acid, analytical standard
    • NCGC00255726-01
    • CAS-156-06-9
    • SY040637
    • 2-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, 9CI
    • AC-116009
    • DB-043302
    • DB-315591
    • Phenylpyruvic acid, purum, >=98.0% (T)
    • NS00003384
    • P0154
    • EN300-49247
    • C00166
    • D91915
    • 1R-0191
    • A883597
    • Q425030
    • SR-01000580517
    • SR-01000580517-1
    • 7D5F143E-52E8-4FBB-87F1-0D4F96B4CA60
    • Z285151774
    • 205-847-1

  • Applications

    Phenylpyruvic acid (CAS 156-06-9) is an alpha-keto acid bearing a phenyl group and is primarily used as an organic synthesis intermediate in pharmaceutical and agrochemical production. It also serves as a building block for aryl-ketone derivatives and phenyl-containing amino acid derivatives, supporting enzymatic transformation processes in research and development. Additionally, it is considered a precursor for specialized aryl-ketone compounds used in niche chemical industries, and may be used as a reference standard for analytical methods in laboratories.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 405.28
    methanol 577.39
    isopropanol 190.48
    water 1.91
    ethyl acetate 205.24
    n-propanol 223.16
    acetone 232.28
    n-butanol 186.56
    acetonitrile 59.79
    DMF 830.99
    toluene 29.92
    isobutanol 132.54
    1,4-dioxane 87.91
    methyl acetate 158.24
    THF 226.14
    2-butanone 223.88
    n-pentanol 98.27
    sec-butanol 184.77
    n-hexane 0.62
    ethylene glycol 168.45
    NMP 547.56
    cyclohexane 0.64
    DMSO 630.1
    n-butyl acetate 72.61
    n-octanol 30.4
    chloroform 6.68
    n-propyl acetate 59.86
    acetic acid 132.56
    dichloromethane 16.39
    cyclohexanone 120.32
    propylene glycol 143.89
    isopropyl acetate 89.52
    DMAc 792.7
    2-ethoxyethanol 335.03
    isopentanol 179.22
    n-heptane 1.43
    ethyl formate 72.35
    1,2-dichloroethane 39.82
    n-hexanol 96.54
    2-methoxyethanol 695.92
    isobutyl acetate 23.32
    tetrachloromethane 2.53
    n-pentyl acetate 34.87
    transcutol 712.13
    n-heptanol 39.42
    ethylbenzene 20.82
    MIBK 101.5
    2-propoxyethanol 219.45
    tert-butanol 257.36
    MTBE 95.98
    2-butoxyethanol 114.73
    propionic acid 150.04
    o-xylene 34.24
    formic acid 191.7
    diethyl ether 65.31
    m-xylene 32.43
    p-xylene 17.39
    chlorobenzene 18.1
    dimethyl carbonate 83.44
    n-octane 0.64
    formamide 570.37
    cyclopentanone 223.48
    2-pentanone 220.4
    anisole 72.27
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 110.16
    gamma-butyrolactone 286.28
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 450.88
    pyridine 97.89
    3-pentanone 106.24
    furfural 194.1
    n-dodecane 0.74
    diethylene glycol 221.47
    diisopropyl ether 19.6
    tert-amyl alcohol 254.03
    acetylacetone 161.56
    n-hexadecane 0.84
    acetophenone 86.78
    methyl propionate 225.59
    isopentyl acetate 65.24
    trichloroethylene 61.46
    n-nonanol 27.69
    cyclohexanol 68.29
    benzyl alcohol 89.29
    2-ethylhexanol 44.89
    isooctanol 31.49
    dipropyl ether 28.46
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 22.94
    ethyl lactate 60.1
    propylene carbonate 110.31
    n-methylformamide 482.1
    2-pentanol 130.81
    n-pentane 0.98
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 140.15
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 114.66
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 114.68
    mesitylene 16.95
    ε-caprolactone 143.91
    p-cymene 14.79
    epichlorohydrin 289.85
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 15.94
    2-aminoethanol 307.73
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 309.09
    sulfolane 359.45
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 1.87
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 179.49
    n-hexyl acetate 52.72
    isooctane 1.44
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 183.52
    sec-butyl acetate 47.45
    tert-butyl acetate 98.79
    decalin 1.72
    glycerin 214.14
    diglyme 284.25
    acrylic acid 130.66
    isopropyl myristate 18.34
    n-butyric acid 146.68
    acetyl acetate 55.67
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 24.25
    ethyl propionate 75.24
    nitromethane 314.83
    1,2-diethoxyethane 78.76
    benzonitrile 44.8
    trioctyl phosphate 18.32
    1-bromopropane 11.64
    gamma-valerolactone 244.02
    n-decanol 21.23
    triethyl phosphate 26.82
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 64.73
    propionitrile 56.01
    vinylene carbonate 71.85
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 180.02
    DMS 58.72
    cumene 15.51
    2-octanol 21.55
    2-hexanone 64.58
    octyl acetate 27.84
    limonene 19.74
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 203.37
    ethyl orthosilicate 24.03
    tributyl phosphate 21.07
    diacetone alcohol 249.71
    N,N-dimethylaniline 56.55
    acrylonitrile 101.21
    aniline 71.35
    1,3-propanediol 320.71
    bromobenzene 12.25
    dibromomethane 8.03
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 51.85
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 39.78
    tetrabutyl urea 35.86
    diisobutyl methanol 26.34
    2-phenylethanol 77.46
    styrene 19.6
    dioctyl adipate 32.42
    dimethyl sulfate 148.05
    ethyl butyrate 50.43
    methyl lactate 139.84
    butyl lactate 49.92
    diethyl carbonate 30.6
    propanediol butyl ether 128.66
    triethyl orthoformate 29.1
    p-tert-butyltoluene 13.79
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 67.17
    morpholine 201.98
    tert-butylamine 80.33
    n-dodecanol 14.6
    dimethoxymethane 305.41
    ethylene carbonate 53.86
    cyrene 107.8
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 74.17
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 41.7
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 34.37
    4-methylpyridine 110.98
    dibutyl ether 18.41
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 26.34
    DEF 300.12
    dimethyl isosorbide 157.65
    tetrachloroethylene 36.1
    eugenol 72.37
    triacetin 59.9
    span 80 70.75
    1,4-butanediol 117.0
    1,1-dichloroethane 16.52
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 107.01
    methyl formate 218.67
    2-methyl-1-butanol 175.82
    n-decane 1.03
    butyronitrile 48.53
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 37.02
    1-chlorooctane 7.04
    1-chlorotetradecane 3.19
    n-nonane 0.86
    undecane 0.88
    tert-butylcyclohexane 2.03
    cyclooctane 0.52
    cyclopentanol 96.97
    tetrahydropyran 55.66
    tert-amyl methyl ether 106.16
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 193.37
    1-hexene 6.34
    2-isopropoxyethanol 181.63
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 64.02
    methyl butyrate 93.21

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction