Paraquat dichloride

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    1910-42-5

    Molecular formula
    C12H14Cl2N2

    SMILES
    C[N+]1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=[N+](C=C2)C.[Cl-].[Cl-]

    Safety labels

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

    Health Hazard
    Health

    Environmental Hazard
    Environmental

  • Odor profile

    Sweet 44.3%
    Phenolic 38.26%
    Odorless 32.63%
    Musty 31.0%
    Medicinal 29.86%
    Animal 28.82%
    Bitter 28.46%
    Nutty 27.03%
    Tobacco 26.79%
    Smoky 26.55%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    Molecular weight
    257.16 g/mol

    Melting point expt.

    • Decomposes 572 °F (EPA, 1998)
    • 572 °F (decomposes)
    • 572 °F (Decomposes)

    Boiling point

    • Decomposes (NIOSH, 2024)
    • decomposes
    • Decomposes

    Flash point est.
    109.96 ˚C

    Solubility expt.

    • greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 62
    • Miscible

  • Synonyms

    • Paraquat dichloride
    • Methyl viologen
    • 1910-42-5
    • Methyl viologen dichloride
    • Esgram
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride
    • Paraquat-dichloride
    • Gramoxone
    • Viologen, methyl-
    • Gramixel
    • Gramoxone S
    • Caswell No. 634
    • Methylviologen chloride
    • Paraquat dichloride [ISO]
    • 4,4'-Dimethyldipyridyl dichloride
    • Paraquat cl
    • Gramoxone W
    • N,N'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride
    • N,N'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridylium dichloride
    • CCRIS 9018
    • 4,4'-Bipyridinium, 1,1'-dimethyl-, dichloride
    • Gramoxone dichloride
    • Paraquat, dichloride
    • EINECS 217-615-7
    • UNII-2KZ83GSS73
    • NSC 88126
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium chloride
    • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 061601
    • NSC 263500
    • 2KZ83GSS73
    • CHEBI:28786
    • Methyl viologen (reduced)
    • 1,1-Dimethyl-4,4-dipyridilium dichloride
    • Paraquat chloride
    • AI3-61943
    • N,N'-Dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridylium dichloride
    • Pathclear
    • 1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)pyridin-1-ium dichloride
    • 1910-42-5 (chloride)
    • Pillarxone
    • Crisquat
    • Dexuron
    • DTXSID7024243
    • Gramuron
    • PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE [MI]
    • Toxer total
    • PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE [MART.]
    • Ortho paraquat cl
    • NSC-88126
    • NSC-263500
    • 1,1'-dimethyl-[4,4'-bipyridin]-1,1'-diium dichloride
    • 1,1'-dimethyl-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium dichloride
    • Cekuquat
    • Galokson
    • Herbaxon
    • Herboxone
    • Pillarquat
    • Gramoxone D
    • Parakwat [Polish]
    • Goldquat 276
    • 347841-45-6
    • Parakwat
    • PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE (MART.)
    • Dimethyl viologen chloride
    • Para-col
    • Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate
    • Paraquat Dichloride (42% w/w in Water)
    • AH 501
    • OK 622
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-(4,4'-bipyridin)-1,1'-diium dichloride
    • methylviologen
    • Terraklene
    • Gramonol
    • Gramoxon
    • Totacol
    • methyl-viologen
    • Paraquat (Paraquat dichloride)
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride hydrate
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridynium dichloride
    • DIMETHYLDIPYRIDYL CHLORIDE
    • Praquat dichloride
    • Bipyridinium, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-, dichloride
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridinium-dichlorid [German]
    • PILLAQUAT
    • Dwuchlorek 1,1'-dwumetylo-4,4'-dwupirydyniowy [Polish]
    • N,N'-Dimethylviologen
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-4
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridinium-dichlorid
    • 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4' bipyridinium dichloride
    • 4'-bipyridilium dichloride
    • Dwuchlorek 1,1'-dwumetylo-4,4'-dwupirydyniowy
    • SCHEMBL21653
    • YSWG679
    • CHEMBL458019
    • DTXCID204243
    • GTPL4552
    • METHYL VIOLOGEN(REDUCED)
    • 1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium
    • GLXC-27630
    • XNA84145
    • AKOS001071567
    • MSK22182-1000M
    • 1,1'Dimethyl4,4'bipyridinium dichloride
    • N,N'Dimethyl4,4'bipyridinium dichloride
    • AS-57157
    • Paraquat dichloride 10 microg/mL in Water
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridylium chloride
    • Dwuchlorek 1,1'dwumetylo4,4'dwupirydyniowy
    • METHYL VIOLOGEN DICHLORIDE TRIHYDRATE
    • N,Na?dimethyl-4,4a?bipyridinium dichloride
    • Paraquat dichloride 100 microg/mL in Water
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-4, 4'-dipyridylium chloride
    • 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridinium dichloride
    • Bipyridinium, 1,1'dimethyl4,4', dichloride
    • D3685
    • NS00081891
    • N,N'-Dimethyl-4, 4'-dipyridylium dichloride
    • 1, 1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridynium dichloride
    • C00225
    • Q409669
    • 1,1'-DIMETHYL-4,4-BIPYRIDINIUM DICHLORIDE
    • N,N'-DIMETHYL-4,4'-BIPYRIDYNIUM DICHLORIDE
    • Paraquat dichloride Solution in Methanol, 1000ug/mL
    • Z89271816
    • 1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyridin-1-ium-4-yl)pyridin-1-ium;dichloride

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 7.94
    methanol 36.62
    isopropanol 0.84
    water 244.74
    ethyl acetate 0.19
    n-propanol 2.61
    acetone 0.13
    n-butanol 0.91
    acetonitrile 0.29
    DMF 7.97
    toluene 0.03
    isobutanol 0.79
    1,4-dioxane 0.6
    methyl acetate 0.2
    THF 0.51
    2-butanone 0.13
    n-pentanol 0.87
    sec-butanol 0.48
    n-hexane 0.05
    ethylene glycol 74.78
    NMP 15.71
    cyclohexane 0.06
    DMSO 16.62
    n-butyl acetate 0.25
    n-octanol 0.11
    chloroform 1.64
    n-propyl acetate 0.23
    acetic acid 16.21
    dichloromethane 2.77
    cyclohexanone 0.49
    propylene glycol 7.01
    isopropyl acetate 0.1
    DMAc 10.48
    2-ethoxyethanol 10.95
    isopentanol 0.42
    n-heptane 0.08
    ethyl formate 1.21
    1,2-dichloroethane 1.16
    n-hexanol 0.9
    2-methoxyethanol 27.75
    isobutyl acetate 0.13
    tetrachloromethane 0.81
    n-pentyl acetate 0.17
    transcutol 6.13
    n-heptanol 0.6
    ethylbenzene 0.06
    MIBK 0.06
    2-propoxyethanol 7.33
    tert-butanol 0.63
    MTBE 0.06
    2-butoxyethanol 3.78
    propionic acid 3.43
    o-xylene 0.11
    formic acid 305.85
    diethyl ether 0.12
    m-xylene 0.07
    p-xylene 0.09
    chlorobenzene 0.1
    dimethyl carbonate 0.42
    n-octane 0.03
    formamide 231.02
    cyclopentanone 0.53
    2-pentanone 0.08
    anisole 0.13
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 0.18
    gamma-butyrolactone 1.81
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 3.83
    pyridine 0.75
    3-pentanone 0.12
    furfural 6.17
    n-dodecane 0.01
    diethylene glycol 30.48
    diisopropyl ether 0.03
    tert-amyl alcohol 0.47
    acetylacetone 0.17
    n-hexadecane 0.01
    acetophenone 0.44
    methyl propionate 0.35
    isopentyl acetate 0.24
    trichloroethylene 1.53
    n-nonanol 0.14
    cyclohexanol 0.46
    benzyl alcohol 0.88
    2-ethylhexanol 0.38
    isooctanol 0.42
    dipropyl ether 0.26
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.31
    ethyl lactate 1.15
    propylene carbonate 1.1
    n-methylformamide 15.87
    2-pentanol 0.19
    n-pentane 0.05
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 2.06
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 0.71
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 2.13
    mesitylene 0.09
    ε-caprolactone 0.84
    p-cymene 0.21
    epichlorohydrin 1.46
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.29
    2-aminoethanol 48.83
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 8.98
    sulfolane 5.93
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.02
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 0.24
    n-hexyl acetate 0.12
    isooctane 0.01
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 2.71
    sec-butyl acetate 0.1
    tert-butyl acetate 0.1
    decalin 0.03
    glycerin 41.76
    diglyme 5.06
    acrylic acid 7.2
    isopropyl myristate 0.07
    n-butyric acid 1.88
    acetyl acetate 0.24
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.48
    ethyl propionate 0.23
    nitromethane 6.24
    1,2-diethoxyethane 0.31
    benzonitrile 0.33
    trioctyl phosphate 0.26
    1-bromopropane 0.28
    gamma-valerolactone 2.69
    n-decanol 0.11
    triethyl phosphate 0.65
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.12
    propionitrile 0.32
    vinylene carbonate 1.65
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 16.86
    DMS 0.34
    cumene 0.12
    2-octanol 0.13
    2-hexanone 0.14
    octyl acetate 0.1
    limonene 0.21
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 3.16
    ethyl orthosilicate 0.63
    tributyl phosphate 0.3
    diacetone alcohol 0.55
    N,N-dimethylaniline 0.39
    acrylonitrile 0.8
    aniline 0.32
    1,3-propanediol 21.06
    bromobenzene 0.08
    dibromomethane 1.22
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 1.57
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 0.52
    tetrabutyl urea 0.57
    diisobutyl methanol 0.21
    2-phenylethanol 0.97
    styrene 0.05
    dioctyl adipate 0.21
    dimethyl sulfate 1.7
    ethyl butyrate 0.33
    methyl lactate 2.08
    butyl lactate 0.93
    diethyl carbonate 0.38
    propanediol butyl ether 1.96
    triethyl orthoformate 0.5
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.19
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 1.09
    morpholine 1.61
    tert-butylamine 0.29
    n-dodecanol 0.09
    dimethoxymethane 1.57
    ethylene carbonate 0.97
    cyrene 5.23
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 0.42
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.22
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.41
    4-methylpyridine 0.25
    dibutyl ether 0.06
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.21
    DEF 0.74
    dimethyl isosorbide 3.77
    tetrachloroethylene 3.05
    eugenol 2.25
    triacetin 0.5
    span 80 1.58
    1,4-butanediol 8.39
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.22
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 0.5
    methyl formate 4.8
    2-methyl-1-butanol 0.53
    n-decane 0.02
    butyronitrile 0.24
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 0.13
    1-chlorooctane 0.04
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.02
    n-nonane 0.01
    undecane 0.01
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.02
    cyclooctane 0.03
    cyclopentanol 0.86
    tetrahydropyran 0.19
    tert-amyl methyl ether 0.09
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 4.03
    1-hexene 0.09
    2-isopropoxyethanol 2.42
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 17.55
    methyl butyrate 0.34

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction