Maleic Anhydride

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    108-31-6

    Molecular formula
    C4H2O3

    SMILES
    C1=CC(=O)OC1=O

    Safety labels

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Health Hazard
    Health

  • Odor profile

    Caramellic 46.72%
    Burnt 46.63%
    Sweet 46.08%
    Nutty 39.9%
    Odorless 36.23%
    Winey 35.66%
    Buttery 31.56%
    Sharp 28.71%
    Sour 28.49%
    Coumarinic 24.98%

    Scent© AI

    Odor threshold>

    • Odor Threshold Low: 0.25 [mmHg]. Odor Threshold High: 0.32 [mmHg]. Odor threshold from AIHA
    • Odor low: 1.84 mg/mL; Odor high: 1.96 mg/mL
    • Odor threshold 0.3 ppm (0.001223 mg/L)... reported for off-gases in manufacture.

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -0.1

    Molecular weight
    98.06 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Moderately fast

    Melting point expt.

    • 127 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 52.56 °C
    • 53 °C
    • 127 °F

    Boiling point

    • 387 to 390 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
    • 202.0 °C at 760 mm Hg
    • 202 °C
    • 396 °F

    Flash point est.
    92.51 ˚C

    Flash point expt.

    • 218 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 102 °C (closed cup)
    • 110 °C (open cup)
    • 102 °C c.c.
    • 218 °F

    Solubility expt.

    • Soluble; decomposes in hot solvent (NTP, 1992)
    • In water: reaction with water
    • Soluble in water, forming maleic acids
    • Solubility at 25 °C: 227 g/100 g acetone; 112 g/100 g ethyl acetate; 52.5 g/100 g chloroform; 50 g/100 g benzene; 23.4 g/100 toluene; 19.4 g/100 g o-xylene; 0.60 g/100 g carbon tetrachloride; 0.25 g/100 g ligroin; soluble in dioxane; soluble in alcohol with ester formation
    • Soluble in ether
    • Solubility in water: reaction, releasing heat
    • Reacts

  • Synonyms

    • MALEIC ANHYDRIDE
    • 108-31-6
    • 2,5-Furandione
    • furan-2,5-dione
    • Toxilic anhydride
    • Maleic acid anhydride
    • cis-Butenedioic anhydride
    • Dihydro-2,5-dioxofuran
    • 2,5-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione
    • Maleinanhydrid
    • RCRA waste number U147
    • 2,5-Furanedione
    • NSC 137651
    • Anhydrid kyseliny maleinove
    • MALEICANHYDRIDE
    • CCRIS 2941
    • HSDB 183
    • CHEBI:474859
    • EINECS 203-571-6
    • UNII-V5877ZJZ25
    • BRN 0106909
    • AI3-24283
    • V5877ZJZ25
    • NSC-137651
    • 184288-31-1
    • DTXSID7024166
    • EC 203-571-6
    • 5-17-11-00055 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • MFCD00005518
    • Maleic Anhydrides
    • Maleic anhydride-13C4
    • Maleinanhydrid [Czech]
    • Anhydride, Maleic
    • MALEIC ANHYDRIDE (2,3-13C2)
    • Anhydrid kyseliny maleinove [Czech]
    • UN2215
    • RCRA waste no. U147
    • C4H2O3
    • fumaric anhydride
    • 2,5-furandion
    • furan-2,5-quinone
    • CRYSTAL MAN
    • 2,5-Dioxo-dihydrofuran
    • Maleic anhydride, 99%
    • Epitope ID:122673
    • NOURYMIX MA 901
    • Lytron 810 (Salt/Mix)
    • Lytron 820 (Salt/Mix)
    • Maleic anhydride, briquettes
    • Maleic anhydride (briquette)
    • Maleic anhydride treated BSA
    • MALEIC ANHYDRIDE [MI]
    • (Z)-butanedioic acid anhydride
    • BDBM7812
    • CHEMBL374159
    • DTXCID804166
    • MALEIC ANHYDRIDE [HSDB]
    • Maleic anhydride, powder, 95%
    • NSC9568
    • BM 10
    • CS-Z0016
    • NSC-9568
    • Tox21_200406
    • NSC137651
    • NSC137652
    • NSC137653
    • STL197476
    • AKOS000121041
    • AKOS025243943
    • AT41751
    • FM33312
    • NSC-137652
    • NSC-137653
    • UN 2215
    • NCGC00248595-01
    • NCGC00257960-01
    • BP-20394
    • CAS-108-31-6
    • Maleic anhydride, for synthesis, 99.0%
    • Maleic anhydride [UN2215] [Corrosive]
    • M 188
    • M0005
    • NS00007158
    • EN300-17997
    • Maleic anhydride, puriss., >=99.0% (NT)
    • Maleic anhydride, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
    • A801842
    • Q412377
    • F0001-0164
    • InChI=1/C4H2O3/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7-3/h1-2
    • Maleic anhydride, 95% (may contain up to 5% maleic acid)
    • 203-571-6

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 57.84
    methanol 141.49
    isopropanol 36.66
    water 23.93
    ethyl acetate 31.69
    n-propanol 29.77
    acetone 54.18
    n-butanol 20.5
    acetonitrile 82.95
    DMF 108.0
    toluene 8.19
    isobutanol 22.25
    1,4-dioxane 66.51
    methyl acetate 68.82
    THF 53.58
    2-butanone 48.62
    n-pentanol 22.2
    sec-butanol 30.88
    n-hexane 1.84
    ethylene glycol 31.94
    NMP 218.53
    cyclohexane 1.06
    DMSO 197.9
    n-butyl acetate 18.15
    n-octanol 16.48
    chloroform 24.69
    n-propyl acetate 29.09
    acetic acid 85.65
    dichloromethane 44.35
    cyclohexanone 38.66
    propylene glycol 26.38
    isopropyl acetate 18.41
    DMAc 232.06
    2-ethoxyethanol 87.08
    isopentanol 23.53
    n-heptane 1.2
    ethyl formate 44.86
    1,2-dichloroethane 28.49
    n-hexanol 10.94
    2-methoxyethanol 109.97
    isobutyl acetate 14.53
    tetrachloromethane 3.15
    n-pentyl acetate 16.3
    transcutol 148.68
    n-heptanol 10.26
    ethylbenzene 9.99
    MIBK 18.42
    2-propoxyethanol 45.89
    tert-butanol 38.68
    MTBE 29.53
    2-butoxyethanol 32.94
    propionic acid 51.6
    o-xylene 12.19
    formic acid 91.0
    diethyl ether 21.83
    m-xylene 7.02
    p-xylene 13.66
    chlorobenzene 12.4
    dimethyl carbonate 39.57
    n-octane 0.85
    formamide 166.7
    cyclopentanone 55.98
    2-pentanone 23.81
    anisole 47.87
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 22.98
    gamma-butyrolactone 113.25
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 63.8
    pyridine 55.2
    3-pentanone 22.88
    furfural 125.48
    n-dodecane 1.39
    diethylene glycol 54.76
    diisopropyl ether 7.22
    tert-amyl alcohol 41.08
    acetylacetone 37.33
    n-hexadecane 1.49
    acetophenone 53.18
    methyl propionate 39.9
    isopentyl acetate 17.14
    trichloroethylene 43.97
    n-nonanol 15.18
    cyclohexanol 16.85
    benzyl alcohol 36.87
    2-ethylhexanol 9.63
    isooctanol 9.84
    dipropyl ether 11.29
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 16.62
    ethyl lactate 28.95
    propylene carbonate 57.67
    n-methylformamide 99.76
    2-pentanol 16.13
    n-pentane 1.23
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 28.38
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 27.89
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 59.77
    mesitylene 5.16
    ε-caprolactone 52.33
    p-cymene 7.04
    epichlorohydrin 86.72
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 13.73
    2-aminoethanol 44.12
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 171.92
    sulfolane 130.4
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 1.67
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 45.6
    n-hexyl acetate 26.65
    isooctane 0.83
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 61.07
    sec-butyl acetate 18.73
    tert-butyl acetate 21.28
    decalin 2.15
    glycerin 45.39
    diglyme 101.12
    acrylic acid 61.78
    isopropyl myristate 13.7
    n-butyric acid 31.37
    acetyl acetate 24.92
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 19.77
    ethyl propionate 31.27
    nitromethane 199.99
    1,2-diethoxyethane 32.19
    benzonitrile 35.78
    trioctyl phosphate 12.53
    1-bromopropane 12.66
    gamma-valerolactone 111.4
    n-decanol 12.16
    triethyl phosphate 18.6
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 11.79
    propionitrile 36.76
    vinylene carbonate 61.18
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 69.61
    DMS 36.42
    cumene 9.07
    2-octanol 9.1
    2-hexanone 27.58
    octyl acetate 17.58
    limonene 7.72
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 114.76
    ethyl orthosilicate 15.37
    tributyl phosphate 16.46
    diacetone alcohol 34.88
    N,N-dimethylaniline 42.69
    acrylonitrile 60.7
    aniline 23.23
    1,3-propanediol 43.65
    bromobenzene 9.85
    dibromomethane 21.8
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 32.54
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 20.32
    tetrabutyl urea 26.05
    diisobutyl methanol 7.47
    2-phenylethanol 22.09
    styrene 12.44
    dioctyl adipate 24.48
    dimethyl sulfate 81.78
    ethyl butyrate 20.47
    methyl lactate 44.48
    butyl lactate 20.88
    diethyl carbonate 20.64
    propanediol butyl ether 40.96
    triethyl orthoformate 17.74
    p-tert-butyltoluene 6.23
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 43.78
    morpholine 73.29
    tert-butylamine 20.49
    n-dodecanol 9.84
    dimethoxymethane 67.8
    ethylene carbonate 42.95
    cyrene 66.54
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 28.71
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 14.47
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 23.87
    4-methylpyridine 56.23
    dibutyl ether 15.84
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 7.47
    DEF 56.81
    dimethyl isosorbide 76.39
    tetrachloroethylene 18.79
    eugenol 46.3
    triacetin 47.13
    span 80 35.07
    1,4-butanediol 26.19
    1,1-dichloroethane 18.78
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 25.27
    methyl formate 77.73
    2-methyl-1-butanol 23.34
    n-decane 1.85
    butyronitrile 25.16
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 16.22
    1-chlorooctane 7.0
    1-chlorotetradecane 4.08
    n-nonane 1.59
    undecane 1.59
    tert-butylcyclohexane 2.07
    cyclooctane 0.62
    cyclopentanol 22.08
    tetrahydropyran 25.11
    tert-amyl methyl ether 29.12
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 84.76
    1-hexene 6.56
    2-isopropoxyethanol 50.59
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 47.71
    methyl butyrate 38.56

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Pineapple pulp Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., fam. Bromeliaceae 0.81%