Lactulose

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    4618-18-2

    Molecular formula
    C12H22O11

    SMILES
    C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@]([C@H]2O)(CO)O)CO)O)O)O)O

    Safety labels

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 70.54%
    Sweet 54.44%
    Alcoholic 22.73%
    Caramellic 21.57%
    Woody 18.2%
    Clean 17.24%
    Cooling 16.26%
    Bitter 15.72%
    Vanilla 15.49%
    Milky 15.45%

     

    Flavor
    Sweet 83.08%
    Odorless 58.93%
    Bitter 47.77%
    Sweet-like 33.23%
    Very slight 22.32%
    Cauliflower 22.25%
    Fatty 20.66%
    Soup 20.63%
    Alkaline 20.46%
    Very mild 20.21%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -4.3

    pKa est.
    4.17 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    342.3 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    2888°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 169 °C

    Flash point

    • 293.6 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • Soluble in cold water, hot water. Solubility in water: 76.4% @ 30 deg. C
    • 764.0 mg/mL

  • Synonyms

    • lactulose
    • D-Lactulose
    • 4618-18-2
    • Bifiteral
    • Cephulac
    • Chronulac
    • Constilac
    • Lactulosa
    • Acilac
    • Cholac
    • Constulose
    • Lactulosum
    • Enulose
    • Generlac
    • Heptalac
    • Laxilose
    • Portalac
    • Kristalose
    • Lattulosio
    • 4-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructose
    • Lactulose jp17
    • 4-galactosyl fructose
    • DTXSID5045833
    • 4-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose
    • NSC-757082
    • 9U7D5QH5AE
    • D-Fructose, 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-
    • CHEBI:6359
    • DTXCID3025833
    • (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    • Osmolax
    • Regulose
    • Lemlax
    • Laxose orange
    • Duphalac Dry
    • Lactulose Solution
    • (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(((2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    • RefChem:58703
    • GlyTouCan:G57229GY
    • A06AD11
    • G57229GY
    • Lactulose Solution USP, 10 g/15 mL
    • beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-fructose
    • 225-027-7
    • 6-deoxy-3-C-methyl-D-mannose
    • CHEBI:30983
    • Evalose
    • 58166-24-8
    • 9XH2P2N8EP
    • Isolactose
    • Laevolac
    • 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-beta-D-fructofuranose
    • 58166-25-9
    • Lactulosum [Latin]
    • Lactulosa [Spanish]
    • Lattulosio [Italian]
    • Lactulosum [INN-Latin]
    • Lactulosa [INN-Spanish]
    • (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(((2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
    • Actilax
    • alpha-Lactulose
    • Cephulac (TN)
    • Lactulose, >95%
    • 2-[(3S,4S,2R,5R)-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyoxolan-3-yloxy](2S,4S,3R, 5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol
    • CAS-4618-18-2
    • SR-05000002084
    • EINECS 225-027-7
    • UNII-9U7D5QH5AE
    • UNII-9XH2P2N8EP
    • BRN 0093773
    • BRN 6278818
    • 4-beta-D-Galactosido-(1,4)-D-fructose
    • delta-Lactulose
    • Lactulose RS
    • Lactulose CRS
    • Chronulac (TN)
    • NCGC00094707-01
    • beta-D-Fructofuranose, 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-
    • Lactulose [USAN:USP:INN:BAN:JAN]
    • 4-O-beta-D-Galattopiranosil-D-fruttofuranosio [Italian]
    • Spectrum_000857
    • Spectrum2_001159
    • Spectrum3_000478
    • Spectrum4_000962
    • Spectrum5_000908
    • .ALPHA.-LACTULOSE
    • 4-O-beta-D-Galattopiranosil-D-fruttofuranosio
    • SCHEMBL18912
    • BSPBio_002216
    • KBioGR_001303
    • KBioSS_001337
    • 5-17-07-00214 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • Fructofuranose, 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-, D-
    • DivK1c_000064
    • SPECTRUM1500363
    • SPBio_001117
    • Lactulose (JP18/USP/INN)
    • alpha-D-Fructofuranose, 4-o-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-
    • CHEMBL296306
    • MLS-50
    • orb1310281
    • HMS500D06
    • KBio1_000064
    • KBio2_001337
    • KBio2_003905
    • KBio2_006473
    • KBio3_001436
    • NINDS_000064
    • HMS1920J03
    • HMS2094G15
    • Pharmakon1600-01500363
    • Tox21_111318
    • BDBM50377984
    • CCG-39552
    • NSC757082
    • SBB012563
    • 4-O-b-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructose
    • Lactulose for peak identification CRS
    • AKOS024283994
    • Tox21_111318_1
    • DB00581
    • NSC 757082
    • IDI1_000064
    • NCGC00142624-01
    • NCGC00142624-02
    • NCGC00142624-03
    • NCGC00142624-05
    • 4618-18-2

  • Applications

    Lactulose, CAS 4618-18-2, is primarily used as an osmotic laxative in pharmaceutical formulations, where its unmetabolized disaccharide draws water into the colon and is administered as oral solutions or tablets; it is also commonly evaluated as a prebiotic ingredient in functional foods and dietary supplements to support beneficial gut bacteria; in laboratory settings it serves as a fermentable carbohydrate substrate for microbiology cultivation; and it may be used as an analytical reference standard or calibrant in analytical chemistry methods such as chromatography.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 10.26
    methanol 55.85
    isopropanol 2.71
    water 745.36
    ethyl acetate 1.05
    n-propanol 3.28
    acetone 2.26
    n-butanol 2.38
    acetonitrile 1.15
    DMF 251.78
    toluene 0.4
    isobutanol 1.19
    1,4-dioxane 7.73
    methyl acetate 0.96
    THF 6.05
    2-butanone 1.24
    n-pentanol 1.06
    sec-butanol 1.58
    n-hexane 0.08
    ethylene glycol 162.8
    NMP 136.86
    cyclohexane 0.62
    DMSO 643.76
    n-butyl acetate 0.69
    n-octanol 1.45
    chloroform 0.28
    n-propyl acetate 0.51
    acetic acid 51.51
    dichloromethane 0.37
    cyclohexanone 3.97
    propylene glycol 49.42
    isopropyl acetate 0.79
    DMAc 100.95
    2-ethoxyethanol 25.46
    isopentanol 1.31
    n-heptane 0.44
    ethyl formate 1.94
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.52
    n-hexanol 1.45
    2-methoxyethanol 94.93
    isobutyl acetate 0.22
    tetrachloromethane 0.18
    n-pentyl acetate 0.93
    transcutol 30.61
    n-heptanol 1.97
    ethylbenzene 0.19
    MIBK 0.92
    2-propoxyethanol 15.4
    tert-butanol 2.23
    MTBE 0.57
    2-butoxyethanol 10.26
    propionic acid 6.47
    o-xylene 0.61
    formic acid 675.63
    diethyl ether 0.98
    m-xylene 0.44
    p-xylene 0.19
    chlorobenzene 0.13
    dimethyl carbonate 7.63
    n-octane 0.25
    formamide 449.43
    cyclopentanone 6.17
    2-pentanone 1.49
    anisole 0.65
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 3.18
    gamma-butyrolactone 10.98
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 44.42
    pyridine 2.76
    3-pentanone 1.42
    furfural 14.52
    n-dodecane 0.12
    diethylene glycol 58.47
    diisopropyl ether 0.37
    tert-amyl alcohol 1.81
    acetylacetone 4.3
    n-hexadecane 0.13
    acetophenone 1.38
    methyl propionate 3.07
    isopentyl acetate 0.51
    trichloroethylene 0.73
    n-nonanol 1.43
    cyclohexanol 3.78
    benzyl alcohol 1.92
    2-ethylhexanol 0.79
    isooctanol 1.18
    dipropyl ether 1.4
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.2
    ethyl lactate 4.25
    propylene carbonate 3.75
    n-methylformamide 74.61
    2-pentanol 1.35
    n-pentane 0.2
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 8.02
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 3.96
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 9.19
    mesitylene 0.37
    ε-caprolactone 4.92
    p-cymene 0.39
    epichlorohydrin 4.02
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.13
    2-aminoethanol 77.9
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 97.57
    sulfolane 61.81
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.08
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 2.22
    n-hexyl acetate 1.03
    isooctane 0.04
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 13.68
    sec-butyl acetate 0.33
    tert-butyl acetate 1.05
    decalin 0.12
    glycerin 237.05
    diglyme 23.96
    acrylic acid 16.62
    isopropyl myristate 0.47
    n-butyric acid 4.65
    acetyl acetate 1.16
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.96
    ethyl propionate 0.74
    nitromethane 38.0
    1,2-diethoxyethane 2.41
    benzonitrile 0.61
    trioctyl phosphate 0.98
    1-bromopropane 0.21
    gamma-valerolactone 25.54
    n-decanol 1.08
    triethyl phosphate 1.21
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.71
    propionitrile 0.61
    vinylene carbonate 4.02
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 31.07
    DMS 1.85
    cumene 0.16
    2-octanol 1.04
    2-hexanone 0.47
    octyl acetate 0.83
    limonene 0.72
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 11.91
    ethyl orthosilicate 1.05
    tributyl phosphate 0.73
    diacetone alcohol 7.01
    N,N-dimethylaniline 1.23
    acrylonitrile 1.81
    aniline 1.64
    1,3-propanediol 47.08
    bromobenzene 0.09
    dibromomethane 0.21
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.95
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 0.81
    tetrabutyl urea 1.97
    diisobutyl methanol 0.65
    2-phenylethanol 1.74
    styrene 0.17
    dioctyl adipate 0.99
    dimethyl sulfate 28.98
    ethyl butyrate 0.87
    methyl lactate 24.33
    butyl lactate 3.03
    diethyl carbonate 0.65
    propanediol butyl ether 14.06
    triethyl orthoformate 1.36
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.45
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 3.84
    morpholine 14.63
    tert-butylamine 0.85
    n-dodecanol 0.8
    dimethoxymethane 34.09
    ethylene carbonate 2.85
    cyrene 18.56
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 2.19
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.41
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.31
    4-methylpyridine 1.43
    dibutyl ether 0.66
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.65
    DEF 12.71
    dimethyl isosorbide 12.44
    tetrachloroethylene 1.11
    eugenol 4.84
    triacetin 3.25
    span 80 8.45
    1,4-butanediol 14.65
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.14
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 0.63
    methyl formate 30.17
    2-methyl-1-butanol 1.36
    n-decane 0.23
    butyronitrile 0.51
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 0.78
    1-chlorooctane 0.35
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.17
    n-nonane 0.24
    undecane 0.16
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.05
    cyclooctane 0.41
    cyclopentanol 3.85
    tetrahydropyran 2.26
    tert-amyl methyl ether 1.0
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 19.97
    1-hexene 0.13
    2-isopropoxyethanol 7.4
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 43.7
    methyl butyrate 1.04

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction