Hydrochloric Acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    7647-01-0

    Molecular formula
    ClH

    SMILES
    Cl

    Safety labels

    Compressed Gas
    Compressed Gas

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

  • Odor profile

    Odor impact est.
    Low

    Odor threshold

    • Odor Threshold Low: 0.25 [ppm]. Odor Threshold High: 10.06 [ppm]. Odor threshold from AIHA
    • Air: 0.77 uL/L; Odor safety class C; C= less than 50% of distracted persons perceive warning of TLV.
    • Odor low: 7.0 mg/cu m; Odor high: 49.0 mg/cu m; strong irritating odor; Irritating concn= 49.00 mg/cu m.
    • Low threshold= 0.26 ppm. High threshold= 0.3 ppm.

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    0.8

    pKa est.
    -15.14 (strong acid)

    Molecular weight
    36.46 g/mol

    Melting point expt.

    • -174.6 °F (Melting point is -13.7 °F for a 39.17% weight/weight solution.) (EPA, 1998)
    • -174 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
    • -114.22 °C
    • -114.2 °C
    • -174 °F

    Boiling point

    • 123 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)
    • -121 °F at 760 mmHg (A constant boiling azeotrope with water containing 20.22% hydrogen chloride boils at 227 °F.) (EPA, 1998)
    • -121 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)
    • -85.05 °C at 760 mm Hg
    • -85.1 °C
    • -121 °F

    Flash point

    • 5.67 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 82.3 g/100 g at 32 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 67 % at 86 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
    • Soluble in water and in ethanol
    • Solubility in water, 82.3 g/100 g water at 0 °C; 67.3 g/100 g water at 30 °C; 63.3 g/100 g water at 40 °C; 59.6 g/100 g water at 50 °C; 56.1 g/100 g water at 60 °C
    • Solubility in methanol: 54.6 g/100 g solution at -10 °C; 51.3 g/100 g solution at 0 °C; 47.0 g/100 g solution at 20 °C; 43.0 g/100 g solution at 30 °C; solubility in ethanol: 45.4 g/100 g solution at 0 °C; 42.7 g/100 g solution at 10 °C; 41.0 g/100 g solution at 20 °C; 38.1 g/100 g solution at 30 °C; solubility in ether: 37.52 g/100 g solution at -10 °C; 35.6 g/100 g solution at 0 °C; 24.9 g/100 g solution at 20 °C; 19.47 g/100 g solution at 30 °C
    • Solubility in water, g/100ml at 30 °C: 67 (moderate)
    • (86 °F): 67%

  • Synonyms

    • hydrochloric acid
    • hydrogen chloride
    • 7647-01-0
    • Muriatic acid
    • chlorane
    • Chlorohydric acid
    • Anhydrous hydrochloric acid
    • Acide chlorhydrique
    • Chlorwasserstoff
    • Muriaticum acidum
    • Chloorwaterstof
    • Chlorowodor
    • Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
    • Acido cloridrico
    • Aqueous hydrogen chloride
    • chlorure d'hydrogene
    • Baume hcl
    • Icon etch
    • Acido clorhidrico
    • Enplate po 236
    • Anhydrous hydrogen chloride
    • Chlorure d'hydrogene anhydre
    • Cloruro de hidrogeno anhidro
    • Hydrochloric acid, anhydrous
    • NSC-77365
    • cloruro de hidrogeno
    • Acidum hydrochloricum
    • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045901
    • INS NO.507
    • QTT17582CB
    • DTXSID2020711
    • CHEBI:17883
    • INS-507
    • E-507
    • Acid, Muriatic
    • Chloride, Hydrogen
    • Acidum Muriaticum
    • HEMMORHOIDS
    • RefChem:6646
    • DTXCID20711
    • 231-595-7
    • 933-977-5
    • Acid, Hydrochloric
    • Hydrochloric acid [JAN]
    • Hydrochloric acid gas
    • Marine acid
    • NSC 77365
    • Hydrogen chloride (acid)
    • [HCl]
    • MFCD00011324
    • HCl
    • Deuterium-chloride
    • E507
    • Bowl Cleaner
    • 4-D Bowl Sanitizer
    • Chlorowodor [Polish]
    • Emulsion Bowl Cleaner
    • Caswell No. 486
    • Hydrogenchlorid
    • Chloorwaterstof [Dutch]
    • Chlorwasserstoff [German]
    • Hydrogen Chloride - Methanol Reagent
    • Hydrochloric acid, ACS reagent, 37%
    • UN 1050 (anhydrous)
    • mono hydrochloride
    • Acido cloridrico [Italian]
    • White Emulsion Bowl Cleaner
    • Acido clorhidrico [Spanish]
    • Acide chlorhydrique [French]
    • Hydrogen chloride (gas only)
    • Chlorure d'hydrogene [French]
    • Chloruro de hidrogeno
    • HSDB 545
    • Chloruro de hidrogeno [Spanish]
    • Hygeia Creme Magic Bowl Cleaner
    • Percleen Bowl and Urinal Cleaner
    • EINECS 231-595-7
    • UN1050
    • UN1789
    • UN2186
    • Chlorure d'hydrogene anhydre [French]
    • Cloruro de hidrogeno anhidro [Spanish]
    • UN 2186 (refrigerated liquefied gas)
    • chlorum
    • hydochloride
    • hydrochlorie
    • hydrochoride
    • hydrocloride
    • organochloride
    • organochlorides
    • UNII-QTT17582CB
    • Salzsaeure
    • Hydrochloric acid [JAN:NF]
    • chloridohydrogen
    • hydro chloride
    • hydro-chloride
    • hydrogenchloride
    • Soldering acid
    • chlorhydric acid
    • hydochloric acid
    • hydogen chloride
    • hydrochoric acid
    • hydrocloric acid
    • hydrogen chlorid
    • hydrogen choride
    • hydrogen cloride
    • hyrochloric acid
    • hyrogen chloride
    • Liriopesides-B
    • AescinIIB
    • hvdrochloric acid
    • hvdrogen chloride
    • hydorchloric acid
    • hydrochioric acid
    • hydrochloric aicd
    • hydrochloric-acid
    • hydrogen-chloride
    • hyrdochloric acid
    • Hydrochloric ccid
    • Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrogen Chloride; Muriatic Acid; Chlorohydric Acid
    • Wasserstoffchlorid
    • monohydro-chloride
    • Sibiricose-A6
    • hydrogen ch1oride
    • hydro chloric acid
    • hydro-chloric acid
    • hydrochloric ac id
    • hydrochloric acid

  • Applications

    Hydrochloric Acid (CAS 7647-01-0) is widely used in industry for metal surface treatment (pickle and rust removal on steel and other metals), pH control and wastewater handling in chemical manufacturing, electroplating and metal finishing, cleaning and etching in electronics/semiconductor fabrication, and the formation of drug hydrochloride salts in pharmaceuticals; it may also appear in household cleaning products as a descaling and surface-cleaning agent, and can serve as an acidulant in select food processing applications, all subject to applicable regulations and handling requirements.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 238.6
    methanol 391.44
    isopropanol 187.62
    water 115.86
    ethyl acetate 48.42
    n-propanol 164.29
    acetone 178.74
    n-butanol 133.38
    acetonitrile 100.0
    DMF 706.74
    toluene 13.89
    isobutanol 108.86
    1,4-dioxane 170.55
    methyl acetate 73.63
    THF 202.94
    2-butanone 85.99
    n-pentanol 83.03
    sec-butanol 120.89
    n-hexane 6.85
    ethylene glycol 211.01
    NMP 298.01
    cyclohexane 9.0
    DMSO 480.05
    n-butyl acetate 35.69
    n-octanol 40.0
    chloroform 49.96
    n-propyl acetate 35.87
    acetic acid 270.62
    dichloromethane 51.58
    cyclohexanone 85.37
    propylene glycol 139.0
    isopropyl acetate 28.12
    DMAc 347.18
    2-ethoxyethanol 155.35
    isopentanol 85.59
    n-heptane 8.39
    ethyl formate 61.34
    1,2-dichloroethane 46.61
    n-hexanol 62.08
    2-methoxyethanol 287.92
    isobutyl acetate 22.44
    tetrachloromethane 15.62
    n-pentyl acetate 30.83
    transcutol 182.22
    n-heptanol 41.7
    ethylbenzene 8.38
    MIBK 35.85
    2-propoxyethanol 119.32
    tert-butanol 194.0
    MTBE 73.22
    2-butoxyethanol 82.62
    propionic acid 128.26
    o-xylene 15.58
    formic acid 241.64
    diethyl ether 68.99
    m-xylene 13.12
    p-xylene 12.53
    chlorobenzene 21.93
    dimethyl carbonate 43.22
    n-octane 3.79
    formamide 246.86
    cyclopentanone 125.91
    2-pentanone 64.99
    anisole 35.82
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 69.85
    gamma-butyrolactone 134.39
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 177.09
    pyridine 83.43
    3-pentanone 47.59
    furfural 127.52
    n-dodecane 3.8
    diethylene glycol 157.76
    diisopropyl ether 17.45
    tert-amyl alcohol 111.34
    acetylacetone 62.21
    n-hexadecane 3.95
    acetophenone 34.54
    methyl propionate 58.46
    isopentyl acetate 28.9
    trichloroethylene 63.69
    n-nonanol 33.05
    cyclohexanol 82.31
    benzyl alcohol 44.23
    2-ethylhexanol 31.62
    isooctanol 30.64
    dipropyl ether 36.81
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 20.98
    ethyl lactate 33.15
    propylene carbonate 58.18
    n-methylformamide 257.35
    2-pentanol 77.66
    n-pentane 11.93
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 80.47
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 38.53
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 62.96
    mesitylene 10.41
    ε-caprolactone 69.42
    p-cymene 10.73
    epichlorohydrin 95.78
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 29.26
    2-aminoethanol 219.74
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 253.71
    sulfolane 174.96
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 6.67
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 107.69
    n-hexyl acetate 36.73
    isooctane 5.01
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 87.49
    sec-butyl acetate 20.43
    tert-butyl acetate 33.65
    decalin 4.33
    glycerin 203.7
    diglyme 145.76
    acrylic acid 140.83
    isopropyl myristate 17.32
    n-butyric acid 100.51
    acetyl acetate 29.28
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 23.09
    ethyl propionate 28.81
    nitromethane 240.15
    1,2-diethoxyethane 52.26
    benzonitrile 37.38
    trioctyl phosphate 19.35
    1-bromopropane 28.4
    gamma-valerolactone 159.51
    n-decanol 25.85
    triethyl phosphate 18.56
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 38.57
    propionitrile 67.87
    vinylene carbonate 58.21
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 120.69
    DMS 31.52
    cumene 8.58
    2-octanol 27.84
    2-hexanone 41.9
    octyl acetate 24.48
    limonene 18.1
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 173.36
    ethyl orthosilicate 18.88
    tributyl phosphate 19.83
    diacetone alcohol 66.04
    N,N-dimethylaniline 36.24
    acrylonitrile 87.7
    aniline 46.8
    1,3-propanediol 202.81
    bromobenzene 14.65
    dibromomethane 33.31
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 56.34
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 23.29
    tetrabutyl urea 32.58
    diisobutyl methanol 20.81
    2-phenylethanol 37.4
    styrene 11.88
    dioctyl adipate 27.13
    dimethyl sulfate 82.16
    ethyl butyrate 27.5
    methyl lactate 65.16
    butyl lactate 34.53
    diethyl carbonate 19.55
    propanediol butyl ether 80.23
    triethyl orthoformate 24.36
    p-tert-butyltoluene 11.71
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 43.91
    morpholine 199.64
    tert-butylamine 109.35
    n-dodecanol 21.22
    dimethoxymethane 190.59
    ethylene carbonate 47.56
    cyrene 58.13
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 39.91
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 23.41
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 27.65
    4-methylpyridine 70.39
    dibutyl ether 25.46
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 20.81
    DEF 116.09
    dimethyl isosorbide 75.5
    tetrachloroethylene 47.55
    eugenol 52.76
    triacetin 38.12
    span 80 57.95
    1,4-butanediol 102.31
    1,1-dichloroethane 39.06
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 56.7
    methyl formate 167.73
    2-methyl-1-butanol 84.7
    n-decane 5.05
    butyronitrile 58.19
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 28.65
    1-chlorooctane 14.38
    1-chlorotetradecane 7.78
    n-nonane 4.82
    undecane 4.26
    tert-butylcyclohexane 4.68
    cyclooctane 3.4
    cyclopentanol 113.72
    tetrahydropyran 104.99
    tert-amyl methyl ether 54.01
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 111.98
    1-hexene 19.2
    2-isopropoxyethanol 87.62
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 108.76
    methyl butyrate 43.13

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction