Glyceric acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    473-81-4

    Molecular formula
    C3H6O4

    SMILES
    C(C(C(=O)O)O)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 68.62%
    Caramellic 39.09%
    Sour 33.58%
    Buttery 29.75%
    Sharp 25.96%
    Milky 21.71%
    Burnt 20.75%
    Sweet 19.29%
    Creamy 17.84%
    Clean 17.73%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 76.18%
    Sour 37.67%
    Very mild 33.7%
    Acidic 29.18%
    Caramellic 26.21%
    Sweet-like 24.81%
    Yeast 22.54%
    Mild 22.45%
    Bland 21.99%
    Soy 20.49%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -1.5

    pKa est.
    4.68 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    106.08 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    315°C

    Flash point

    • 180.62 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • GLYCERIC ACID
    • 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid
    • 473-81-4
    • Propanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-
    • 70KH64UX7G
    • alpha,beta-Hydroxypropionic acid
    • DTXSID80861979
    • CHEBI:33508
    • RefChem:663205
    • GlyTouCan:G83093ZM
    • DTXCID50219004
    • G83093ZM
    • 207-472-9
    • DL-Glyceric acid
    • 600-19-1
    • MFCD00065927
    • C3H6O4
    • DL-2,3-Dihydroxypropionic Acid
    • 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid(20% in water)
    • 2,3-dihydroxypropionic acid
    • Glyceronic acid
    • NSC9227
    • Glyceric Acid (20% in Water,ca.2 mol/L)
    • 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid (20% in water)
    • DL-Glyceric acid; (20% in Water ca. 2mol/L)
    • Glycerolic acid
    • Glyceric acid, DL-
    • (+-)-Glyceric acid
    • beta-Hydroxylactic acid
    • UNII-70KH64UX7G
    • glycerol ether
    • a-hydroxylactic acid
    • EINECS 207-472-9
    • 20% in water
    • GLYCERIC ACID [MI]
    • GLYCERIC ACID, (D)
    • SCHEMBL38462
    • SCHEMBL405584
    • 2,3-dihydroxyl-propanoic acid
    • orb1706210
    • SCHEMBL9439353
    • DL-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid
    • SCHEMBL19459001
    • DL-Glyceric acid 20% in water
    • MSK1781
    • GLYCERIC ACID, (+/-)-
    • NSC-9227
    • DL-Glyceric Acid , 20% in water
    • DL-Glyceric acid; (20% in water)
    • STL268888
    • AKOS015893067
    • CS-W018821
    • FG29286
    • FS-4174
    • HY-W018035
    • SB44946
    • Propanoic acid,3-dihydroxy-, (.+-.)-
    • SY054966
    • DB-053514
    • DB-070797
    • DB-072735
    • D0602
    • NS00079803
    • A51166
    • DL-Glyceric acid - 20% in Water ca. 2mol/L
    • DL-Glyceric acid; 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid
    • 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid[20% in water w/w]
    • DL-Glyceric Acid (20% in Water, ca. 2mol/L)
    • F143500
    • Q424906
    • 3E9B4D59-D526-4D1F-A6D8-566E4D962CA5
    • DL-GLYCERIC ACID (20% IN WATER, CA. 2MOL/L) 95%
    • InChI=1/C3H6O4/c4-1-2(5)3(6)7/h2,4-5H,1H2,(H,6,7
    • 74I
    • 473-81-4

  • Applications

    Glyceric acid (CAS 473-81-4) is a versatile synthetic building block in industrial manufacturing. It is used as an intermediate for glycerol-derived esters and other fine-chemical derivatives, and is regarded as a precursor for specialty polymers and resins, including polyester-type materials. In cosmetics and personal care, glyceric acid may function as an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) or humectant in formulations, contributing to mild exfoliation and moisture retention under appropriate regulatory controls. In the pharmaceutical sector, glyceric acid is commonly evaluated as a chiral building block for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients and related intermediates, enabling asymmetric routes.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 10.68
    methanol 50.8
    isopropanol 3.81
    water 1113.51
    ethyl acetate 1.02
    n-propanol 4.99
    acetone 9.82
    n-butanol 2.82
    acetonitrile 3.45
    DMF 436.17
    toluene 0.21
    isobutanol 2.6
    1,4-dioxane 6.35
    methyl acetate 1.6
    THF 6.85
    2-butanone 2.79
    n-pentanol 1.68
    sec-butanol 2.73
    n-hexane 0.15
    ethylene glycol 187.91
    NMP 175.76
    cyclohexane 0.54
    DMSO 443.65
    n-butyl acetate 0.68
    n-octanol 1.47
    chloroform 0.15
    n-propyl acetate 0.75
    acetic acid 43.57
    dichloromethane 0.37
    cyclohexanone 4.62
    propylene glycol 59.12
    isopropyl acetate 0.97
    DMAc 130.68
    2-ethoxyethanol 25.78
    isopentanol 2.5
    n-heptane 0.61
    ethyl formate 2.49
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.74
    n-hexanol 1.7
    2-methoxyethanol 72.8
    isobutyl acetate 0.3
    tetrachloromethane 0.18
    n-pentyl acetate 0.84
    transcutol 31.37
    n-heptanol 1.91
    ethylbenzene 0.16
    MIBK 2.37
    2-propoxyethanol 12.14
    tert-butanol 7.72
    MTBE 1.45
    2-butoxyethanol 8.43
    propionic acid 9.93
    o-xylene 0.57
    formic acid 378.04
    diethyl ether 1.13
    m-xylene 0.44
    p-xylene 0.21
    chlorobenzene 0.12
    dimethyl carbonate 4.49
    n-octane 0.24
    formamide 299.13
    cyclopentanone 8.05
    2-pentanone 3.16
    anisole 0.72
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 3.13
    gamma-butyrolactone 9.46
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 34.29
    pyridine 1.75
    3-pentanone 2.32
    furfural 11.96
    n-dodecane 0.13
    diethylene glycol 43.33
    diisopropyl ether 0.67
    tert-amyl alcohol 5.66
    acetylacetone 7.23
    n-hexadecane 0.14
    acetophenone 1.38
    methyl propionate 2.72
    isopentyl acetate 0.62
    trichloroethylene 0.62
    n-nonanol 1.4
    cyclohexanol 3.51
    benzyl alcohol 1.68
    2-ethylhexanol 1.06
    isooctanol 1.52
    dipropyl ether 1.55
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.18
    ethyl lactate 3.34
    propylene carbonate 2.62
    n-methylformamide 104.19
    2-pentanol 1.94
    n-pentane 0.28
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 7.7
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 2.74
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 10.08
    mesitylene 0.56
    ε-caprolactone 4.13
    p-cymene 0.45
    epichlorohydrin 3.73
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.19
    2-aminoethanol 99.55
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 86.33
    sulfolane 54.11
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.22
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 2.71
    n-hexyl acetate 1.08
    isooctane 0.16
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 14.04
    sec-butyl acetate 0.44
    tert-butyl acetate 1.89
    decalin 0.17
    glycerin 184.16
    diglyme 25.38
    acrylic acid 20.97
    isopropyl myristate 0.58
    n-butyric acid 4.91
    acetyl acetate 1.04
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 1.16
    ethyl propionate 0.83
    nitromethane 45.65
    1,2-diethoxyethane 2.17
    benzonitrile 0.5
    trioctyl phosphate 1.19
    1-bromopropane 0.19
    gamma-valerolactone 24.01
    n-decanol 1.11
    triethyl phosphate 1.02
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 1.57
    propionitrile 1.08
    vinylene carbonate 2.46
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 18.06
    DMS 1.22
    cumene 0.23
    2-octanol 1.08
    2-hexanone 1.07
    octyl acetate 0.83
    limonene 0.86
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 15.38
    ethyl orthosilicate 0.97
    tributyl phosphate 0.95
    diacetone alcohol 12.35
    N,N-dimethylaniline 1.63
    acrylonitrile 2.48
    aniline 1.05
    1,3-propanediol 44.72
    bromobenzene 0.07
    dibromomethane 0.21
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.77
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 0.85
    tetrabutyl urea 2.85
    diisobutyl methanol 1.27
    2-phenylethanol 1.35
    styrene 0.15
    dioctyl adipate 1.19
    dimethyl sulfate 18.7
    ethyl butyrate 0.9
    methyl lactate 15.81
    butyl lactate 2.61
    diethyl carbonate 0.5
    propanediol butyl ether 12.49
    triethyl orthoformate 1.1
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.52
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 4.49
    morpholine 11.52
    tert-butylamine 2.71
    n-dodecanol 0.9
    dimethoxymethane 28.38
    ethylene carbonate 1.68
    cyrene 17.73
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 1.47
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.45
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.25
    4-methylpyridine 1.21
    dibutyl ether 0.76
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 1.27
    DEF 17.15
    dimethyl isosorbide 11.52
    tetrachloroethylene 0.95
    eugenol 5.44
    triacetin 2.55
    span 80 8.64
    1,4-butanediol 19.78
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.18
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 1.37
    methyl formate 39.5
    2-methyl-1-butanol 2.48
    n-decane 0.21
    butyronitrile 0.82
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 1.24
    1-chlorooctane 0.33
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.19
    n-nonane 0.23
    undecane 0.16
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.12
    cyclooctane 0.38
    cyclopentanol 5.11
    tetrahydropyran 1.77
    tert-amyl methyl ether 1.83
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 22.21
    1-hexene 0.18
    2-isopropoxyethanol 9.38
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 34.69
    methyl butyrate 1.43

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction