Galactaric acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    526-99-8

    Molecular formula
    C6H10O8

    SMILES
    [C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 70.71%
    Caramellic 34.51%
    Sweet 29.66%
    Buttery 24.48%
    Sour 22.66%
    Savory 21.24%
    Sharp 20.09%
    Milky 19.49%
    Burnt 18.76%
    Clean 18.47%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 71.97%
    Very mild 36.45%
    Sweet-like 26.29%
    Bland 25.62%
    Mild 23.91%
    Caramellic 23.12%
    Sour 21.71%
    Yeast 21.42%
    Very slight 18.78%
    Acetoin 18.5%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -2.5

    pKa est.
    2.14 (strong acid)

    Molecular weight
    210.14 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    603°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 220 - 225 °C

    Flash point

    • 255.87 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • ACICULAR CRYSTALS; SOL IN WATER /AMMONIUM SALT/
    • SOL IN 300 PARTS COLD WATER, 60 PARTS BOILING WATER; SOL IN ALKALIES; PRACTICALLY INSOL IN ALCOHOL, ETHER
    • INSOL IN PYRIMIDINE
    • 3.3 mg/mL at 14 °C

  • Synonyms

    • mucic acid
    • galactaric acid
    • 526-99-8
    • Saccharolactic acid
    • (2R,3S,4R,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanedioic acid
    • Galactosaccharic acid
    • Schleimsaure
    • (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanedioic acid
    • DTXSID7048740
    • Tetrahydroxyadipic acid
    • E149J5OTIF
    • MUCILIANCE
    • 2R,3S,4R,5S-tetrahydroxy-hexanedioic acid
    • DTXCID0028666
    • CHEBI:30852
    • NSC-8127
    • 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxyhexanedioic acid
    • strontium galactarate mono-hydrate
    • RefChem:633474
    • GlyTouCan:G56286UC
    • G56286UC
    • 208-404-0
    • D-Galactaric acid
    • MFCD00004239
    • D-galactarate
    • meso-galactaric acid
    • MUCIN
    • D-Mucic acid
    • CAS-526-99-8
    • Schleimsaure [German]
    • UNII-E149J5OTIF
    • Galactarsaeure
    • Galaktarsaeure
    • Mucinsaeure
    • Saccharolactate
    • Schleimsaeure
    • acido mucico
    • hexaric acid
    • d-Zuckersaure
    • Galactosaccharate
    • acido galactarico
    • (2R,3S,4R,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanedioate
    • HSDB 2116
    • NCGC00096080-01
    • NSC 8127
    • EINECS 208-404-0
    • Mucic acid, 97%
    • Mucic acid, 98%
    • ORISTAR MCA
    • BRN 1728117
    • AI3-06294
    • AI3-19582
    • SCHEMBL5901
    • GALACTARIC ACID [MI]
    • 4-03-00-01292 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • GALACTARIC ACID [HSDB]
    • orb1304900
    • CHEMBL1232958
    • 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxyadipic Acid
    • GALACTARIC ACID, (+/-)-
    • Tox21_113190
    • BDBM50346168
    • LMFA01170107
    • MSK170017
    • AKOS016009395
    • Tox21_113190_1
    • CS-W015126
    • EBC-253081
    • HY-W014410
    • MM47012
    • NCGC00344532-01
    • AS-35302
    • SY061881
    • M0466
    • S3964
    • C00879
    • EN300-128455
    • F239605
    • Q424916
    • (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxyadipic acid
    • 5E407223-AAEF-4D79-BCED-63F0DECB8CE2
    • (R)-3-(pyrrolidin-2-ylethynyl)pyridine hemigalactarate
    • GAE
    • 526-99-8

  • Applications

    Galactaric acid (CAS 526-99-8) is a polyfunctional diacid used primarily as a biobased building block for polymer synthesis; it is employed to make bioplastic polyesters and related oligomers or as a precursor for functional monomers used in coatings and adhesives. It can serve as a crosslinking component in coating and alkyd resin formulations, enhancing network formation and potential thermal stability. Because of its multiple carboxyl groups, it can function as a metal-chelating agent in cleaning formulations and other products where chelation improves stability or performance. It is also explored as an intermediate for specialty chemicals and as a starting point for derivative products in the chemical industry. Actual use depends on regulatory and formulation constraints.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 8.17
    methanol 29.34
    isopropanol 3.58
    water 457.32
    ethyl acetate 0.49
    n-propanol 4.05
    acetone 1.88
    n-butanol 1.88
    acetonitrile 0.34
    DMF 78.03
    toluene 0.23
    isobutanol 1.52
    1,4-dioxane 2.94
    methyl acetate 0.57
    THF 2.82
    2-butanone 1.06
    n-pentanol 0.69
    sec-butanol 2.41
    n-hexane 0.17
    ethylene glycol 108.88
    NMP 58.31
    cyclohexane 0.71
    DMSO 375.64
    n-butyl acetate 0.28
    n-octanol 0.64
    chloroform 0.07
    n-propyl acetate 0.14
    acetic acid 5.62
    dichloromethane 0.15
    cyclohexanone 1.41
    propylene glycol 37.12
    isopropyl acetate 0.3
    DMAc 44.59
    2-ethoxyethanol 9.74
    isopentanol 1.12
    n-heptane 0.69
    ethyl formate 0.71
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.32
    n-hexanol 1.32
    2-methoxyethanol 42.33
    isobutyl acetate 0.03
    tetrachloromethane 0.17
    n-pentyl acetate 0.23
    transcutol 5.69
    n-heptanol 1.02
    ethylbenzene 0.12
    MIBK 0.46
    2-propoxyethanol 6.84
    tert-butanol 4.71
    MTBE 0.76
    2-butoxyethanol 3.14
    propionic acid 3.21
    o-xylene 0.54
    formic acid 103.72
    diethyl ether 0.96
    m-xylene 0.28
    p-xylene 0.1
    chlorobenzene 0.03
    dimethyl carbonate 2.02
    n-octane 0.21
    formamide 96.66
    cyclopentanone 2.02
    2-pentanone 1.0
    anisole 0.2
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 1.85
    gamma-butyrolactone 2.55
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 18.61
    pyridine 0.83
    3-pentanone 1.13
    furfural 2.55
    n-dodecane 0.07
    diethylene glycol 22.64
    diisopropyl ether 0.36
    tert-amyl alcohol 3.26
    acetylacetone 1.16
    n-hexadecane 0.08
    acetophenone 0.32
    methyl propionate 1.61
    isopentyl acetate 0.16
    trichloroethylene 0.2
    n-nonanol 0.59
    cyclohexanol 2.41
    benzyl alcohol 0.48
    2-ethylhexanol 0.55
    isooctanol 0.51
    dipropyl ether 1.03
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.05
    ethyl lactate 0.97
    propylene carbonate 0.58
    n-methylformamide 27.77
    2-pentanol 1.57
    n-pentane 0.4
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 4.07
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 1.04
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 2.08
    mesitylene 0.3
    ε-caprolactone 1.26
    p-cymene 0.26
    epichlorohydrin 1.15
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.07
    2-aminoethanol 57.79
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 24.59
    sulfolane 21.97
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.14
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 1.37
    n-hexyl acetate 0.27
    isooctane 0.07
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 3.32
    sec-butyl acetate 0.08
    tert-butyl acetate 0.46
    decalin 0.11
    glycerin 108.25
    diglyme 5.7
    acrylic acid 4.97
    isopropyl myristate 0.12
    n-butyric acid 1.34
    acetyl acetate 0.24
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.16
    ethyl propionate 0.28
    nitromethane 5.5
    1,2-diethoxyethane 0.6
    benzonitrile 0.09
    trioctyl phosphate 0.23
    1-bromopropane 0.16
    gamma-valerolactone 4.78
    n-decanol 0.46
    triethyl phosphate 0.39
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.59
    propionitrile 0.31
    vinylene carbonate 0.44
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 6.21
    DMS 0.38
    cumene 0.1
    2-octanol 0.51
    2-hexanone 0.21
    octyl acetate 0.19
    limonene 0.51
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 4.47
    ethyl orthosilicate 0.38
    tributyl phosphate 0.16
    diacetone alcohol 3.33
    N,N-dimethylaniline 0.58
    acrylonitrile 0.55
    aniline 0.63
    1,3-propanediol 24.86
    bromobenzene 0.03
    dibromomethane 0.12
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.37
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 0.18
    tetrabutyl urea 0.55
    diisobutyl methanol 0.46
    2-phenylethanol 0.54
    styrene 0.08
    dioctyl adipate 0.16
    dimethyl sulfate 8.44
    ethyl butyrate 0.3
    methyl lactate 7.3
    butyl lactate 0.74
    diethyl carbonate 0.17
    propanediol butyl ether 3.46
    triethyl orthoformate 0.41
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.31
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 0.9
    morpholine 6.43
    tert-butylamine 1.87
    n-dodecanol 0.35
    dimethoxymethane 14.13
    ethylene carbonate 0.38
    cyrene 3.61
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 0.39
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.13
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.08
    4-methylpyridine 0.52
    dibutyl ether 0.24
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.46
    DEF 6.07
    dimethyl isosorbide 2.32
    tetrachloroethylene 0.57
    eugenol 0.93
    triacetin 0.4
    span 80 1.83
    1,4-butanediol 6.68
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.07
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 0.4
    methyl formate 9.41
    2-methyl-1-butanol 1.33
    n-decane 0.14
    butyronitrile 0.21
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 0.3
    1-chlorooctane 0.16
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.07
    n-nonane 0.16
    undecane 0.1
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.06
    cyclooctane 0.48
    cyclopentanol 2.93
    tetrahydropyran 1.16
    tert-amyl methyl ether 1.22
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 4.76
    1-hexene 0.15
    2-isopropoxyethanol 2.42
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 7.34
    methyl butyrate 0.33

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction