Erythrulose, DL-

Overview IFRA Request a quote

  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    40031-31-0

    Molecular formula
    C4H8O4

    SMILES
    C(C(C(=O)CO)O)O

    Safety labels

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Sweet 66.5%
    Caramellic 51.02%
    Buttery 42.1%
    Odorless 37.12%
    Fruity 29.44%
    Creamy 25.31%
    Milky 24.15%
    Ethereal 24.1%
    Burnt 22.84%
    Sharp 22.78%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 66.71%
    Sweet 40.95%
    Very mild 31.69%
    Sweet-like 28.54%
    Caramellic 25.24%
    Sour 24.72%
    Very slight 21.6%
    Buttery 21.49%
    Acidic 21.06%
    Yeast 20.46%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -2.0

    pKa est.
    5.87 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    120.1 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    371°C

    Flash point

    • 164.59 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • DL-Erythrulose
    • DL-Glycerotetrulose
    • 1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-butanone
    • HS4GKH53PR
    • ERYTHRULOSE, DL-
    • DTXSID70862137
    • RefChem:591123
    • GlyTouCan:G74806KL
    • DTXCID60810945
    • G74806KL
    • Erythrulose
    • 1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-one
    • glycero-tetrulose
    • 40031-31-0
    • Tetrulose
    • 2-Butanone, 1,3,4-trihydroxy-
    • UNII-HS4GKH53PR
    • SCHEMBL59986
    • CHEBI:23958
    • ERYTHRULOSE, (+/-)-
    • UQPHVQVXLPRNCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    • SB47885
    • NS00125760
    • Q27109825
    • 40031-31-0

  • Applications

    Erythrulose, DL- (CAS 40031-31-0) is a tetrose sugar primarily used in cosmetics and personal care as a self-tanning agent, typically in conjunction with dihydroxyacetone to improve color development and durability. Beyond cosmetics, it can serve as a carbohydrate-based intermediate or building block in chemical synthesis, including routes toward pharmaceutical compounds. In research and analytical settings, erythrulose may function as a reagent or reference material for carbohydrate chemistry and related assays. In industrial manufacturing, it may be handled as a raw material or formulation additive within defined limits and subject to local regulations.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 61.62
    methanol 231.78
    isopropanol 28.45
    water 2483.8
    ethyl acetate 6.02
    n-propanol 32.4
    acetone 21.92
    n-butanol 16.9
    acetonitrile 9.93
    DMF 727.17
    toluene 0.49
    isobutanol 14.52
    1,4-dioxane 34.51
    methyl acetate 8.51
    THF 25.78
    2-butanone 11.16
    n-pentanol 6.87
    sec-butanol 18.95
    n-hexane 0.23
    ethylene glycol 649.47
    NMP 338.94
    cyclohexane 1.11
    DMSO 1336.62
    n-butyl acetate 2.44
    n-octanol 4.29
    chloroform 1.91
    n-propyl acetate 2.96
    acetic acid 135.85
    dichloromethane 3.3
    cyclohexanone 18.24
    propylene glycol 194.75
    isopropyl acetate 3.7
    DMAc 294.36
    2-ethoxyethanol 83.36
    isopentanol 9.52
    n-heptane 1.0
    ethyl formate 13.46
    1,2-dichloroethane 4.95
    n-hexanol 6.67
    2-methoxyethanol 281.52
    isobutyl acetate 1.17
    tetrachloromethane 1.78
    n-pentyl acetate 2.32
    transcutol 57.32
    n-heptanol 5.32
    ethylbenzene 0.49
    MIBK 5.31
    2-propoxyethanol 37.64
    tert-butanol 28.87
    MTBE 5.1
    2-butoxyethanol 20.96
    propionic acid 51.6
    o-xylene 1.58
    formic acid 1149.26
    diethyl ether 4.11
    m-xylene 1.11
    p-xylene 0.65
    chlorobenzene 0.58
    dimethyl carbonate 14.56
    n-octane 0.45
    formamide 820.72
    cyclopentanone 25.76
    2-pentanone 8.78
    anisole 2.88
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 8.57
    gamma-butyrolactone 40.0
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 113.31
    pyridine 6.19
    3-pentanone 7.51
    furfural 57.19
    n-dodecane 0.31
    diethylene glycol 143.3
    diisopropyl ether 1.59
    tert-amyl alcohol 22.01
    acetylacetone 17.04
    n-hexadecane 0.32
    acetophenone 5.58
    methyl propionate 12.82
    isopentyl acetate 1.97
    trichloroethylene 5.55
    n-nonanol 3.83
    cyclohexanol 16.22
    benzyl alcohol 7.26
    2-ethylhexanol 3.39
    isooctanol 4.19
    dipropyl ether 3.55
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 1.22
    ethyl lactate 13.43
    propylene carbonate 13.02
    n-methylformamide 330.5
    2-pentanol 8.45
    n-pentane 0.48
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 20.31
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 8.34
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 22.18
    mesitylene 1.5
    ε-caprolactone 18.46
    p-cymene 1.44
    epichlorohydrin 21.36
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 1.71
    2-aminoethanol 338.36
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 246.35
    sulfolane 191.87
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.49
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 10.86
    n-hexyl acetate 3.29
    isooctane 0.34
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 27.65
    sec-butyl acetate 1.72
    tert-butyl acetate 5.2
    decalin 0.42
    glycerin 550.65
    diglyme 58.02
    acrylic acid 82.17
    isopropyl myristate 1.61
    n-butyric acid 25.63
    acetyl acetate 4.68
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 3.51
    ethyl propionate 3.69
    nitromethane 141.8
    1,2-diethoxyethane 5.07
    benzonitrile 2.61
    trioctyl phosphate 3.39
    1-bromopropane 1.09
    gamma-valerolactone 75.09
    n-decanol 2.93
    triethyl phosphate 3.83
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 4.55
    propionitrile 5.35
    vinylene carbonate 13.54
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 104.0
    DMS 4.73
    cumene 0.71
    2-octanol 2.89
    2-hexanone 3.23
    octyl acetate 2.42
    limonene 2.46
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 49.24
    ethyl orthosilicate 3.3
    tributyl phosphate 2.86
    diacetone alcohol 28.49
    N,N-dimethylaniline 5.13
    acrylonitrile 12.11
    aniline 3.63
    1,3-propanediol 215.25
    bromobenzene 0.36
    dibromomethane 1.65
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 7.02
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 3.03
    tetrabutyl urea 6.61
    diisobutyl methanol 3.35
    2-phenylethanol 5.3
    styrene 0.49
    dioctyl adipate 3.48
    dimethyl sulfate 62.32
    ethyl butyrate 3.16
    methyl lactate 52.02
    butyl lactate 7.32
    diethyl carbonate 2.0
    propanediol butyl ether 27.16
    triethyl orthoformate 3.33
    p-tert-butyltoluene 1.65
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 11.54
    morpholine 57.25
    tert-butylamine 8.48
    n-dodecanol 2.43
    dimethoxymethane 78.79
    ethylene carbonate 9.83
    cyrene 46.67
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 4.49
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 1.49
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1.77
    4-methylpyridine 4.21
    dibutyl ether 1.8
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 3.35
    DEF 50.96
    dimethyl isosorbide 31.37
    tetrachloroethylene 7.99
    eugenol 15.36
    triacetin 7.63
    span 80 18.53
    1,4-butanediol 77.56
    1,1-dichloroethane 1.55
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 4.78
    methyl formate 137.44
    2-methyl-1-butanol 10.93
    n-decane 0.46
    butyronitrile 4.2
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 3.44
    1-chlorooctane 1.07
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.57
    n-nonane 0.46
    undecane 0.36
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.34
    cyclooctane 0.66
    cyclopentanol 25.06
    tetrahydropyran 8.52
    tert-amyl methyl ether 5.95
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 48.38
    1-hexene 0.45
    2-isopropoxyethanol 28.46
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 153.14
    methyl butyrate 6.05

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction