Epinephrine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    51-43-4

    Molecular formula
    C9H13NO3

    SMILES
    CNC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O

    Safety labels

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

  • Odor profile

    Odorless 63.99%
    Savory 27.72%
    Vanilla 26.02%
    Phenolic 24.36%
    Burnt 23.32%
    Fishy 22.62%
    Sweet 22.59%
    Smoky 22.31%
    Bitter 21.27%
    Milky 20.06%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -1.4

    pKa est.
    9.36 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    183.2 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 412 to 414 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 211.5 undefined
    • 211.5 °C
    • MP: 211-212 °C, approximately 215 °C with decomposition when heated rapidly

    Boiling point

    • 215 undefined

    Flash point est.
    187.41 ˚C

    Solubility expt.

    • less than 0.1 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • less than 0.1 mg/mL at 64° F
    • Very slightly soluble in alcohol. Readily soluble in aqueous solutions of mineral acids, NaOH, and KOH. Insoluble in aqueous solutions of ammonia and of the alkali carbonates. Insoluble in chloroform, ether, acetone, oils.
    • Very slightly soluble in alcohol.
    • Insoluble in ethanol; soluble in acetic acid
    • In water, 180 mg/L at 20 °C
    • 0.18 mg/mL

  • Synonyms

    • epinephrine
    • adrenaline
    • l-Adrenaline
    • 51-43-4
    • L-epinephrine
    • Adrenalin
    • Levoepinephrine
    • Epinefrina
    • Nephridine
    • Adnephrine
    • Chelafrin
    • Epinephran
    • Epirenan
    • Epipen
    • (-)-Epinephrine
    • (-)-Adrenaline
    • Renoform
    • Vasoconstrictine
    • Bronkaid Mist
    • Primatene Mist
    • Adrenalinum
    • Glauposine
    • Hemostasin
    • Hemostatin
    • Hypernephrin
    • Levorenin
    • Levorenine
    • Mucidrina
    • Nieraline
    • Paranephrin
    • Renaglandin
    • Renaleptine
    • Renostypticin
    • Scurenaline
    • Styptirenal
    • Supracapsulin
    • Supranephrane
    • Vasotonin
    • Adrenal
    • Adrenine
    • Epifrin
    • Exadrin
    • Hemisine
    • Renalina
    • Simplene
    • Takamina
    • Twinject
    • Adrin
    • Bosmin
    • (R)-Adrenaline
    • (-)-(R)-Epinephrine
    • Sus-Phrine
    • Antiasthmatique
    • Esphygmogenina
    • Isoptoepinal
    • Methylarterenol
    • Sphygmogenin
    • Stryptirenal
    • Supranephrine
    • Adrenamine
    • Adrenapax
    • Adrenasol
    • Adrenodis
    • Adrenohorma
    • Adrenosan
    • Adrenutol
    • Astmahalin
    • Astminhal
    • Balmadren
    • Bernarenin
    • Biorenine
    • Brevirenin
    • Drenamist
    • Dylephrin
    • Glaucosan
    • Glycirenan
    • Haemostasin
    • Haemostatin
    • Hektalin
    • Hyporenin
    • Intranefrin
    • Kidoline
    • Lyophrin
    • Myosthenine
    • Sindrenina
    • Soladren
    • Supranefran
    • Supranol
    • Takamine
    • Tokamina
    • Vasodrine
    • Corisol
    • Mytrate
    • Suprel
    • Asthma-nefrin
    • l-Epirenamine
    • Asmatane Mist
    • Sympathin I
    • (R)-Epinephrine
    • Asthma meter mist
    • Bronkaid
    • Supradin
    • Glaucon
    • Adrenalin-Medihaler
    • Dyspne-Inhal
    • Tonogen
    • 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    • R-(-)-Epinephrine
    • Epiglaufrin
    • Epinephrinum
    • Epinefrin
    • Levorenen
    • Susphrine
    • Eppy
    • 1-Epinephrine
    • 1-Adrenalin
    • Epipen Jr.
    • Epinefrin [Czech]
    • Renaglandulin
    • Renostypricin
    • Vasoconstrictor
    • Adrenalina
    • Adrenatrate
    • Epirenin
    • Metanephrin
    • Renagladin
    • Renostyptin
    • Surenine

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 3.64
    methanol 24.22
    isopropanol 1.37
    water 23.76
    ethyl acetate 1.43
    n-propanol 1.91
    acetone 0.66
    n-butanol 1.38
    acetonitrile 0.38
    DMF 34.38
    toluene 0.25
    isobutanol 1.39
    1,4-dioxane 1.98
    methyl acetate 0.92
    THF 7.52
    2-butanone 0.78
    n-pentanol 1.02
    sec-butanol 1.49
    n-hexane 0.06
    ethylene glycol 66.36
    NMP 95.61
    cyclohexane 0.19
    DMSO 168.02
    n-butyl acetate 1.71
    n-octanol 1.96
    chloroform 0.2
    n-propyl acetate 1.24
    acetic acid 60.03
    dichloromethane 0.21
    cyclohexanone 4.76
    propylene glycol 34.9
    isopropyl acetate 1.34
    DMAc 76.64
    2-ethoxyethanol 25.48
    isopentanol 2.19
    n-heptane 0.33
    ethyl formate 1.99
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.32
    n-hexanol 3.49
    2-methoxyethanol 53.36
    isobutyl acetate 0.77
    tetrachloromethane 0.4
    n-pentyl acetate 1.66
    transcutol 38.58
    n-heptanol 3.57
    ethylbenzene 0.34
    MIBK 1.79
    2-propoxyethanol 20.5
    tert-butanol 8.05
    MTBE 1.24
    2-butoxyethanol 13.37
    propionic acid 12.27
    o-xylene 0.82
    formic acid 281.0
    diethyl ether 0.32
    m-xylene 0.73
    p-xylene 0.42
    chlorobenzene 0.25
    dimethyl carbonate 4.37
    n-octane 0.17
    formamide 219.93
    cyclopentanone 8.6
    2-pentanone 1.06
    anisole 1.26
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 3.22
    gamma-butyrolactone 20.74
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 25.45
    pyridine 1.28
    3-pentanone 0.89
    furfural 23.86
    n-dodecane 0.12
    diethylene glycol 56.47
    diisopropyl ether 0.45
    tert-amyl alcohol 7.1
    acetylacetone 4.86
    n-hexadecane 0.12
    acetophenone 3.39
    methyl propionate 2.83
    isopentyl acetate 2.26
    trichloroethylene 0.8
    n-nonanol 2.07
    cyclohexanol 3.36
    benzyl alcohol 3.35
    2-ethylhexanol 2.54
    isooctanol 3.14
    dipropyl ether 1.32
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.66
    ethyl lactate 7.62
    propylene carbonate 10.05
    n-methylformamide 22.89
    2-pentanol 1.06
    n-pentane 0.07
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 12.04
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 6.99
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 15.97
    mesitylene 0.87
    ε-caprolactone 8.29
    p-cymene 1.13
    epichlorohydrin 5.37
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.34
    2-aminoethanol 49.53
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 48.25
    sulfolane 84.5
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.16
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 3.34
    n-hexyl acetate 2.47
    isooctane 0.13
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 19.96
    sec-butyl acetate 0.97
    tert-butyl acetate 3.63
    decalin 0.18
    glycerin 136.53
    diglyme 28.67
    acrylic acid 22.77
    isopropyl myristate 1.28
    n-butyric acid 9.91
    acetyl acetate 2.2
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 3.5
    ethyl propionate 1.46
    nitromethane 30.96
    1,2-diethoxyethane 2.36
    benzonitrile 1.23
    trioctyl phosphate 2.92
    1-bromopropane 0.11
    gamma-valerolactone 21.97
    n-decanol 1.67
    triethyl phosphate 3.44
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 1.67
    propionitrile 0.44
    vinylene carbonate 6.92
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 41.71
    DMS 3.58
    cumene 0.56
    2-octanol 1.64
    2-hexanone 0.92
    octyl acetate 1.95
    limonene 1.56
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 11.12
    ethyl orthosilicate 2.98
    tributyl phosphate 2.51
    diacetone alcohol 16.26
    N,N-dimethylaniline 2.46
    acrylonitrile 1.32
    aniline 1.41
    1,3-propanediol 36.92
    bromobenzene 0.17
    dibromomethane 0.13
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 1.21
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 3.46
    tetrabutyl urea 4.52
    diisobutyl methanol 2.24
    2-phenylethanol 4.55
    styrene 0.25
    dioctyl adipate 2.91
    dimethyl sulfate 22.12
    ethyl butyrate 2.06
    methyl lactate 18.81
    butyl lactate 5.64
    diethyl carbonate 1.88
    propanediol butyl ether 14.93
    triethyl orthoformate 2.74
    p-tert-butyltoluene 1.29
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 9.79
    morpholine 4.85
    tert-butylamine 2.16
    n-dodecanol 1.32
    dimethoxymethane 8.74
    ethylene carbonate 4.64
    cyrene 27.92
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 3.82
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 1.53
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1.22
    4-methylpyridine 1.0
    dibutyl ether 0.73
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 2.24
    DEF 7.36
    dimethyl isosorbide 25.34
    tetrachloroethylene 1.78
    eugenol 11.08
    triacetin 6.41
    span 80 13.58
    1,4-butanediol 13.71
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.1
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 1.74
    methyl formate 12.27
    2-methyl-1-butanol 1.99
    n-decane 0.16
    butyronitrile 0.43
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 2.28
    1-chlorooctane 0.42
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.26
    n-nonane 0.14
    undecane 0.13
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.16
    cyclooctane 0.17
    cyclopentanol 5.09
    tetrahydropyran 0.8
    tert-amyl methyl ether 1.84
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 27.15
    1-hexene 0.11
    2-isopropoxyethanol 11.12
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 35.2
    methyl butyrate 2.13

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction