Dithiothreitol

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    3483-12-3

    Molecular formula
    C4H10O2S2

    SMILES
    C([C@@H]([C@H](CS)O)O)S

    Safety labels

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Sulfurous 67.73%
    Meaty 56.55%
    Savory 41.57%
    Odorless 37.82%
    Onion 30.97%
    Roasted 29.15%
    Garlic 25.32%
    Fishy 24.57%
    Cooked 24.2%
    Alliaceous 24.01%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 60.58%
    Sulfurous 33.58%
    Sweet-like 27.88%
    Sweet 27.7%
    Sulfury 22.94%
    Mild 21.78%
    Very slight 21.48%
    Onion 21.21%
    Bland 20.23%
    Soup 19.91%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Medium

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -0.4

    pKa est.
    8.04 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    154.3 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 42-43 °C
    • 42.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

    Boiling point

    • BP: 115-116 °C at 1 mm Hg
    • Can be sublimed at 37 °C and 0.005 mm pressure. BP: 125-130 at 2 mm Hg

    Flash point

    • 123.24 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • Freely soluble in water
    • Freely soluble in ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, ether

  • Synonyms

    • Dithiothreitol
    • 1,4-Dithiothreitol
    • 3483-12-3
    • Cleland reagent
    • Sputolysin
    • (2R,3R)-1,4-disulfanylbutane-2,3-diol
    • Cleland's reagent
    • Threitol, 1,4-dithio-
    • T8ID5YZU6Y
    • 2,3-Butanediol, 1,4-dimercapto-, (2R,3R)-rel-
    • Clelands reagent
    • 2,3-Butanediol, 1,4-dimercapto-, DL-threo-
    • threo-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol
    • WR-34678
    • (R*,R*)-(1)-1,4-Dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol
    • (R*,R*)-(+-)-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol
    • 2,3-BUTANEDIOL, 1,4-DIMERCAPTO-, D-threo-
    • DTXSID5041017
    • Reagent, Cleland
    • D-threo-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol
    • WR 34678
    • Reagent, Cleland's
    • CHEBI:18320
    • RefChem:416957
    • GlyTouCan:G47410OV
    • DTXCID00820548
    • G47410OV
    • 2,3-Butanediol, 1,4-dimercapto-, (R*,R*)-(+-)-
    • 222-468-7
    • 248-531-9
    • Dithiotreitol
    • L-Dithiothreitol
    • 16096-97-2
    • L-1,4-Dithiothreitol
    • L-Dtt
    • 2,3-DIHYDROXY-1,4-DITHIOBUTANE
    • dl-Dithiothreitol
    • (2R,3R)-1,4-bis(sulfanyl)butane-2,3-diol
    • (2R,3R)-1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol
    • 2,3-Butanediol, 1,4-dimercapto-, (2R,3R)-
    • MFCD00064305
    • L-threo-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol
    • DL-threo-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol
    • 1,4-Dithio-dl-threitol
    • L-(-)-Dithiothreitol
    • DTT
    • (2R,3R)-(-)-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol
    • Threitol, 1,4-dithio-, DL-
    • rac-Dithiothreitol
    • L-Cleland's Reagent
    • 27565-41-9
    • Mucolyse
    • LDtt
    • Threitol, dithio-
    • (2R,3R)-rel-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol
    • UNII-T8ID5YZU6Y
    • CLELAND REAGENT RACEMIC
    • SCHEMBL538995
    • CCRIS 3617
    • CHEMBL406270
    • orb1306721
    • CHEBI:42106
    • HSDB 8422
    • VHJLVAABSRFDPM-IMJSIDKUSA-N
    • 1,4-DITHIOTHREITOL [MI]
    • DTXSID501316708
    • L-(-)-Dithiothreitol, >=95%
    • L-1,4-disulfanylbutane-2,3-diol
    • EINECS 222-468-7
    • EINECS 248-531-9
    • s6829
    • AKOS028109573
    • DB04447
    • FD02370
    • BRN 1719757
    • AS-64942
    • HY-15917
    • SY234556
    • (R*,R*)-1,4-Dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol
    • AI3-62064
    • D1589
    • NS00068394
    • 1,4-DIMERCAPTO-2,3-BUTANEDIOL, DL-
    • C00265
    • D70251
    • T70362
    • (2R,3R)-(-)-2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-butanedithiol
    • 3-01-00-02360 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • F493710
    • Q27104490
    • 2,3-Butanediol, 1,4-dimercapto-, (R*,R*)- (+-)-
    • 23968FDA-4EA3-46CD-8871-0DEB9D9EA0B8
    • 2,3-Butanediol, 1,4-dimercapto-, (theta,theta)-(+/-)-
    • 2,3-BUTANEDIOL, 1,4-DIMERCAPTO-, (R*,R*)- (+/-)-
    • L-1,4-Dithiothreitol; (2R,3R)-1,4-Dimercapto-2,3-butanediol
    • 3483-12-3

  • Applications

    Dithiothreitol (DTT; CAS 3483-12-3) is widely used as a reducing agent in biochemistry and molecular biology to cleave disulfide bonds and keep proteins in a reduced state, and it is routinely added to sample buffers for SDS-PAGE and to enzyme assays to preserve thiol functionality. In protein purification and refolding workflows, DTT helps prevent aberrant disulfide formation during purification and folding. It is also employed in pharmaceutical development and formulation to stabilize redox-sensitive protein drugs, and in nucleic acid workflows (RNA/DNA extraction and handling) to suppress oxidation and protect integrity.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 53.9
    methanol 147.4
    isopropanol 26.43
    water 98.73
    ethyl acetate 4.11
    n-propanol 31.97
    acetone 25.41
    n-butanol 21.1
    acetonitrile 5.01
    DMF 104.48
    toluene 0.66
    isobutanol 15.95
    1,4-dioxane 20.1
    methyl acetate 6.63
    THF 42.67
    2-butanone 11.05
    n-pentanol 16.21
    sec-butanol 16.97
    n-hexane 0.96
    ethylene glycol 84.55
    NMP 93.78
    cyclohexane 1.41
    DMSO 243.73
    n-butyl acetate 6.28
    n-octanol 13.18
    chloroform 3.61
    n-propyl acetate 6.2
    acetic acid 67.07
    dichloromethane 3.04
    cyclohexanone 24.02
    propylene glycol 43.18
    isopropyl acetate 4.02
    DMAc 62.7
    2-ethoxyethanol 60.17
    isopentanol 13.76
    n-heptane 2.17
    ethyl formate 10.18
    1,2-dichloroethane 3.42
    n-hexanol 15.65
    2-methoxyethanol 96.36
    isobutyl acetate 4.5
    tetrachloromethane 2.38
    n-pentyl acetate 8.9
    transcutol 71.9
    n-heptanol 15.76
    ethylbenzene 1.07
    MIBK 6.93
    2-propoxyethanol 43.61
    tert-butanol 25.09
    MTBE 6.42
    2-butoxyethanol 37.9
    propionic acid 26.26
    o-xylene 1.64
    formic acid 112.26
    diethyl ether 5.06
    m-xylene 1.4
    p-xylene 1.6
    chlorobenzene 1.38
    dimethyl carbonate 4.07
    n-octane 1.24
    formamide 98.83
    cyclopentanone 37.14
    2-pentanone 8.73
    anisole 4.28
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 11.27
    gamma-butyrolactone 38.1
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 49.9
    pyridine 6.86
    3-pentanone 6.09
    furfural 37.96
    n-dodecane 0.97
    diethylene glycol 70.05
    diisopropyl ether 2.25
    tert-amyl alcohol 18.26
    acetylacetone 13.49
    n-hexadecane 0.99
    acetophenone 8.63
    methyl propionate 6.12
    isopentyl acetate 6.26
    trichloroethylene 5.36
    n-nonanol 12.2
    cyclohexanol 16.4
    benzyl alcohol 10.47
    2-ethylhexanol 8.81
    isooctanol 12.55
    dipropyl ether 6.82
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 2.46
    ethyl lactate 12.37
    propylene carbonate 14.39
    n-methylformamide 51.96
    2-pentanol 10.66
    n-pentane 1.09
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 29.27
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 10.62
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 30.02
    mesitylene 1.77
    ε-caprolactone 20.93
    p-cymene 2.94
    epichlorohydrin 18.16
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 2.22
    2-aminoethanol 76.81
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 72.47
    sulfolane 94.26
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.88
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 16.74
    n-hexyl acetate 11.21
    isooctane 0.79
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 41.42
    sec-butyl acetate 3.72
    tert-butyl acetate 6.43
    decalin 0.91
    glycerin 94.24
    diglyme 61.57
    acrylic acid 33.07
    isopropyl myristate 5.73
    n-butyric acid 20.89
    acetyl acetate 4.3
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 9.97
    ethyl propionate 4.23
    nitromethane 45.27
    1,2-diethoxyethane 10.09
    benzonitrile 4.63
    trioctyl phosphate 9.37
    1-bromopropane 1.72
    gamma-valerolactone 51.3
    n-decanol 9.44
    triethyl phosphate 5.82
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 7.2
    propionitrile 4.33
    vinylene carbonate 11.84
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 41.0
    DMS 6.55
    cumene 1.72
    2-octanol 9.48
    2-hexanone 8.62
    octyl acetate 8.16
    limonene 4.28
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 45.75
    ethyl orthosilicate 5.81
    tributyl phosphate 8.07
    diacetone alcohol 20.85
    N,N-dimethylaniline 6.72
    acrylonitrile 7.43
    aniline 4.42
    1,3-propanediol 65.91
    bromobenzene 0.79
    dibromomethane 2.38
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 7.03
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 9.85
    tetrabutyl urea 13.72
    diisobutyl methanol 7.03
    2-phenylethanol 11.42
    styrene 1.03
    dioctyl adipate 10.48
    dimethyl sulfate 14.07
    ethyl butyrate 5.95
    methyl lactate 16.89
    butyl lactate 16.21
    diethyl carbonate 3.78
    propanediol butyl ether 38.08
    triethyl orthoformate 6.63
    p-tert-butyltoluene 3.34
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 19.28
    morpholine 29.86
    tert-butylamine 12.55
    n-dodecanol 7.17
    dimethoxymethane 26.35
    ethylene carbonate 8.97
    cyrene 39.62
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 11.11
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 4.96
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 3.63
    4-methylpyridine 4.79
    dibutyl ether 5.25
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 7.03
    DEF 17.89
    dimethyl isosorbide 38.42
    tetrachloroethylene 8.44
    eugenol 24.83
    triacetin 14.95
    span 80 29.77
    1,4-butanediol 37.85
    1,1-dichloroethane 1.72
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 10.71
    methyl formate 28.59
    2-methyl-1-butanol 13.15
    n-decane 1.42
    butyronitrile 4.48
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 9.8
    1-chlorooctane 3.58
    1-chlorotetradecane 1.87
    n-nonane 1.34
    undecane 1.14
    tert-butylcyclohexane 1.03
    cyclooctane 0.8
    cyclopentanol 28.57
    tetrahydropyran 10.86
    tert-amyl methyl ether 6.21
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 50.57
    1-hexene 1.9
    2-isopropoxyethanol 31.67
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 38.82
    methyl butyrate 7.82

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction