D-Galactose

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    59-23-4

    Molecular formula
    C6H12O6

    SMILES
    C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O1)O)O)O)O)O

    Safety labels

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 67.9%
    Sweet 50.28%
    Caramellic 29.46%
    Woody 28.79%
    Alcoholic 20.48%
    Vanilla 18.1%
    Burnt 17.17%
    Smoky 16.94%
    Clean 16.94%
    Milky 16.84%

     

    Flavor
    Sweet 86.89%
    Odorless 59.46%
    Bitter 47.51%
    Sweet-like 30.98%
    Very slight 22.75%
    Cauliflower 22.48%
    Alcoholic 22.43%
    Vanilla 21.24%
    Soup 20.78%
    Alkaline 20.44%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -2.6

    pKa est.
    4.98 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    180.16 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    816°C

    Flash point

    • 212.73 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • D-Galactopyranose
    • galactopyranose
    • galactopyranoside
    • (3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
    • Galactose, pure
    • D-Gal
    • brain sugar
    • d-galactopyranoside
    • cerebrose
    • GAL
    • D Galactose
    • NSC-8102
    • SNFG:Gal
    • RefChem:7383
    • Gal (SNFG)
    • GlyTouCan:G68158BT
    • CHEBI:12936
    • CHEBI:28260
    • CHEBI:37621
    • DTXCID601437050
    • G68158BT
    • 200-416-4
    • 59-23-4
    • 7IOF6H4H77
    • CHEBI:28061
    • D(+)-Galactose
    • D-Galactose
    • DTXCID301437051
    • DTXSID0023088
    • DTXSID601014458
    • Galactose
    • X2RN3Q8DNE
    • 10257-28-0
    • (3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol
    • CHEBI:4139
    • (+)-Galactose
    • D-Galactose - anhydrous
    • SMR000857326
    • Galactose CRS
    • D-aGalactopyranose
    • Galactose; D-Galactopyranose; D(+)-Galactose; GSK 620104E; Allopurinol related
    • D-Galactose, CP
    • EINECS 233-595-2
    • D-Galactose (9CI)
    • Lactulose EP Impurity B
    • Galactose, D- (8CI)
    • Epitope ID:141794
    • D-Galactose 1000 microg/mL in Methanol:Water
    • SCHEMBL38935
    • MLS001335983
    • MLS001335984
    • SCHEMBL315638
    • SCHEMBL675549
    • CHEMBL195923
    • SCHEMBL4024714
    • MSK3209
    • BDBM228805
    • DTXSID001015860
    • HMS2230N07
    • NSC 8102
    • EBC-44236
    • s3849
    • AKOS030573864
    • D(+)-Galactose(originated from milk)
    • CCG-266426
    • MG02757
    • D(+)-Galactose(originated from plants)
    • NCGC00166082-01
    • AS-46931
    • CS-0204480
    • G0008
    • NS00087175
    • C00124
    • EN300-135967
    • F10950
    • O_FULL_10000000000000_GS_94
    • Q27106307
    • Lactulose EP Impurity B; D-Galactopyranose (Galactose)
    • Z1665647488
    • (3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-methyloltetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol
    • 59-23-4

  • Applications

    D-Galactose (CAS 59-23-4) is a versatile monosaccharide with broad utility as a building block and intermediate across multiple industries. In pharmaceutical and biotech settings it serves as a precursor for glycosylated compounds and oligosaccharides and as a substrate for enzymatic glycosylation in carbohydrate-based drug development workflows. In cosmetics and personal care, galactose derivatives are used as glycoside components in formulations to influence solubility and moisture retention. In food processing it is encountered in lactose-containing streams from lactose hydrolysis and can be used as a sugar component in dairy-derived ingredients. In polymers and plastics, it provides a basis for glycopolymers and sugar-containing materials. In chemical research and analytical laboratories it is used as a standard for carbohydrate analysis and as a substrate in enzymatic assays. Subject to local regulations and formulation limits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 1.92
    methanol 15.91
    isopropanol 0.95
    water 734.89
    ethyl acetate 0.6
    n-propanol 0.76
    acetone 0.67
    n-butanol 0.66
    acetonitrile 0.48
    DMF 76.61
    toluene 0.16
    isobutanol 0.48
    1,4-dioxane 3.68
    methyl acetate 0.3
    THF 1.66
    2-butanone 0.42
    n-pentanol 0.55
    sec-butanol 0.76
    n-hexane 0.08
    ethylene glycol 79.44
    NMP 61.94
    cyclohexane 0.43
    DMSO 513.22
    n-butyl acetate 0.38
    n-octanol 0.76
    chloroform 0.2
    n-propyl acetate 0.23
    acetic acid 2.97
    dichloromethane 0.39
    cyclohexanone 1.72
    propylene glycol 16.41
    isopropyl acetate 0.45
    DMAc 38.97
    2-ethoxyethanol 8.84
    isopentanol 0.56
    n-heptane 0.51
    ethyl formate 0.45
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.53
    n-hexanol 0.87
    2-methoxyethanol 26.14
    isobutyl acetate 0.11
    tetrachloromethane 0.2
    n-pentyl acetate 0.39
    transcutol 9.17
    n-heptanol 1.09
    ethylbenzene 0.14
    MIBK 0.44
    2-propoxyethanol 6.11
    tert-butanol 1.08
    MTBE 0.34
    2-butoxyethanol 4.09
    propionic acid 1.47
    o-xylene 0.43
    formic acid 139.6
    diethyl ether 0.45
    m-xylene 0.3
    p-xylene 0.16
    chlorobenzene 0.09
    dimethyl carbonate 1.89
    n-octane 0.2
    formamide 87.4
    cyclopentanone 1.69
    2-pentanone 0.54
    anisole 0.32
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 1.2
    gamma-butyrolactone 2.8
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 12.51
    pyridine 0.69
    3-pentanone 0.64
    furfural 5.14
    n-dodecane 0.1
    diethylene glycol 27.66
    diisopropyl ether 0.25
    tert-amyl alcohol 1.01
    acetylacetone 1.56
    n-hexadecane 0.11
    acetophenone 0.66
    methyl propionate 1.18
    isopentyl acetate 0.29
    trichloroethylene 0.51
    n-nonanol 0.74
    cyclohexanol 1.69
    benzyl alcohol 0.96
    2-ethylhexanol 0.61
    isooctanol 0.77
    dipropyl ether 0.83
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.19
    ethyl lactate 1.76
    propylene carbonate 1.09
    n-methylformamide 16.83
    2-pentanol 0.58
    n-pentane 0.13
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 3.86
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 1.76
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 4.0
    mesitylene 0.37
    ε-caprolactone 1.83
    p-cymene 0.41
    epichlorohydrin 1.49
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.12
    2-aminoethanol 22.71
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 44.16
    sulfolane 31.19
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.08
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 0.84
    n-hexyl acetate 0.46
    isooctane 0.05
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 5.77
    sec-butyl acetate 0.18
    tert-butyl acetate 0.55
    decalin 0.12
    glycerin 96.09
    diglyme 10.09
    acrylic acid 3.33
    isopropyl myristate 0.25
    n-butyric acid 1.11
    acetyl acetate 0.54
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.56
    ethyl propionate 0.37
    nitromethane 5.15
    1,2-diethoxyethane 0.91
    benzonitrile 0.35
    trioctyl phosphate 0.56
    1-bromopropane 0.15
    gamma-valerolactone 7.76
    n-decanol 0.6
    triethyl phosphate 0.75
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.43
    propionitrile 0.26
    vinylene carbonate 1.16
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 14.16
    DMS 0.75
    cumene 0.16
    2-octanol 0.6
    2-hexanone 0.26
    octyl acetate 0.36
    limonene 0.64
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 4.46
    ethyl orthosilicate 0.67
    tributyl phosphate 0.41
    diacetone alcohol 2.84
    N,N-dimethylaniline 0.8
    acrylonitrile 0.64
    aniline 0.52
    1,3-propanediol 12.05
    bromobenzene 0.08
    dibromomethane 0.22
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.82
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 0.44
    tetrabutyl urea 1.08
    diisobutyl methanol 0.66
    2-phenylethanol 1.01
    styrene 0.1
    dioctyl adipate 0.48
    dimethyl sulfate 9.49
    ethyl butyrate 0.51
    methyl lactate 7.95
    butyl lactate 1.18
    diethyl carbonate 0.33
    propanediol butyl ether 5.49
    triethyl orthoformate 0.73
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.43
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 1.98
    morpholine 5.2
    tert-butylamine 0.49
    n-dodecanol 0.49
    dimethoxymethane 8.26
    ethylene carbonate 0.88
    cyrene 10.52
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 0.75
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.27
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.27
    4-methylpyridine 0.48
    dibutyl ether 0.34
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.66
    DEF 5.28
    dimethyl isosorbide 6.38
    tetrachloroethylene 0.91
    eugenol 2.64
    triacetin 1.18
    span 80 3.84
    1,4-butanediol 7.18
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.12
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 0.43
    methyl formate 5.51
    2-methyl-1-butanol 0.58
    n-decane 0.17
    butyronitrile 0.25
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 0.53
    1-chlorooctane 0.24
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.14
    n-nonane 0.18
    undecane 0.13
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.07
    cyclooctane 0.34
    cyclopentanol 1.59
    tetrahydropyran 0.83
    tert-amyl methyl ether 0.57
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 9.79
    1-hexene 0.08
    2-isopropoxyethanol 3.35
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 10.25
    methyl butyrate 0.44

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction