D-Apiose

Overview IFRA Request a quote

  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    639-97-4

    Molecular formula
    C5H10O5

    SMILES
    C(C(CO)([C@H](C=O)O)O)O

    Safety labels

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 57.42%
    Sweet 53.81%
    Caramellic 33.7%
    Buttery 28.7%
    Milky 19.2%
    Bitter 19.14%
    Sharp 19.03%
    Alcoholic 17.76%
    Savory 16.99%
    Fruity 16.82%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 65.91%
    Sweet 43.84%
    Sweet-like 29.86%
    Very mild 29.27%
    Very slight 21.61%
    Caramellic 20.5%
    Bland 20.37%
    Yeast 20.03%
    Acetoin 19.5%
    Soy 18.98%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -3.1

    pKa est.
    4.52 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    150.13 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    498°C

    Flash point

    • 196.69 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • D-Apiose
    • 3-C-Hydroxymethyltetrose
    • 639-97-4
    • 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose
    • CHEBI:16689
    • DTXSID60980819
    • RefChem:937672
    • GlyTouCan:G49151RQ
    • DTXCID901514552
    • G49151RQ
    • aldehydo-D-apiose
    • D-Api
    • (2R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)butanal
    • APIOSE [MI]
    • D-apiose (ringopen form)
    • APIOSE, D-
    • UNII-E59T26TCEC
    • SCHEMBL313602
    • DB-229828
    • 3-C-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-D-ERYTHRO-TETROSE
    • C01488
    • F81523
    • Q27102026
    • 639-97-4

  • Applications

    D-Apiose (CAS 639-97-4) is primarily used in carbohydrate chemistry as a chiral building block and intermediate for the synthesis of glycosides and glycoconjugates; in pharmaceutical research it supports the construction of apiose-containing fragments and natural-product analogues; in academic and analytical settings it serves as a reference standard and substrate in enzyme assays and glycomics studies; in agrochemical research it is explored as a substrate or scaffold for glycosylated lead compounds; and it is evaluated for use in specialized polymer and materials research where defined sugar residues are needed.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 82.84
    methanol 301.34
    isopropanol 36.61
    water 1629.12
    ethyl acetate 4.51
    n-propanol 46.22
    acetone 15.39
    n-butanol 28.03
    acetonitrile 5.81
    DMF 790.83
    toluene 0.66
    isobutanol 17.92
    1,4-dioxane 29.65
    methyl acetate 5.51
    THF 29.5
    2-butanone 9.86
    n-pentanol 7.51
    sec-butanol 26.23
    n-hexane 0.34
    ethylene glycol 541.6
    NMP 297.46
    cyclohexane 2.41
    DMSO 957.65
    n-butyl acetate 1.31
    n-octanol 3.15
    chloroform 1.1
    n-propyl acetate 1.82
    acetic acid 76.86
    dichloromethane 1.8
    cyclohexanone 13.99
    propylene glycol 198.08
    isopropyl acetate 3.16
    DMAc 293.22
    2-ethoxyethanol 82.59
    isopentanol 12.73
    n-heptane 1.54
    ethyl formate 7.08
    1,2-dichloroethane 3.01
    n-hexanol 5.67
    2-methoxyethanol 308.2
    isobutyl acetate 0.68
    tetrachloromethane 1.04
    n-pentyl acetate 1.34
    transcutol 49.6
    n-heptanol 4.5
    ethylbenzene 0.45
    MIBK 5.35
    2-propoxyethanol 29.57
    tert-butanol 27.94
    MTBE 5.67
    2-butoxyethanol 16.3
    propionic acid 35.17
    o-xylene 1.56
    formic acid 831.43
    diethyl ether 6.78
    m-xylene 1.05
    p-xylene 0.52
    chlorobenzene 0.32
    dimethyl carbonate 11.83
    n-octane 0.61
    formamide 740.29
    cyclopentanone 21.51
    2-pentanone 10.04
    anisole 1.99
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 12.11
    gamma-butyrolactone 26.37
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 122.66
    pyridine 5.54
    3-pentanone 7.66
    furfural 25.19
    n-dodecane 0.29
    diethylene glycol 94.54
    diisopropyl ether 1.95
    tert-amyl alcohol 23.13
    acetylacetone 11.84
    n-hexadecane 0.31
    acetophenone 3.23
    methyl propionate 11.72
    isopentyl acetate 1.08
    trichloroethylene 2.51
    n-nonanol 2.85
    cyclohexanol 21.48
    benzyl alcohol 5.07
    2-ethylhexanol 2.57
    isooctanol 3.21
    dipropyl ether 4.01
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.53
    ethyl lactate 9.27
    propylene carbonate 7.34
    n-methylformamide 288.7
    2-pentanol 14.0
    n-pentane 1.1
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 16.08
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 5.59
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 14.73
    mesitylene 1.16
    ε-caprolactone 12.89
    p-cymene 0.94
    epichlorohydrin 13.84
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.77
    2-aminoethanol 368.21
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 179.97
    sulfolane 118.69
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.61
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 12.49
    n-hexyl acetate 1.85
    isooctane 0.34
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 19.63
    sec-butyl acetate 1.26
    tert-butyl acetate 4.18
    decalin 0.42
    glycerin 502.49
    diglyme 39.61
    acrylic acid 49.91
    isopropyl myristate 0.95
    n-butyric acid 20.03
    acetyl acetate 2.53
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 1.56
    ethyl propionate 2.6
    nitromethane 73.36
    1,2-diethoxyethane 4.25
    benzonitrile 1.17
    trioctyl phosphate 1.65
    1-bromopropane 1.2
    gamma-valerolactone 53.91
    n-decanol 2.16
    triethyl phosphate 2.37
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 5.23
    propionitrile 4.2
    vinylene carbonate 6.35
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 57.88
    DMS 2.49
    cumene 0.5
    2-octanol 2.43
    2-hexanone 2.1
    octyl acetate 1.34
    limonene 1.98
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 42.51
    ethyl orthosilicate 2.3
    tributyl phosphate 1.39
    diacetone alcohol 22.55
    N,N-dimethylaniline 3.75
    acrylonitrile 7.58
    aniline 3.89
    1,3-propanediol 235.14
    bromobenzene 0.21
    dibromomethane 1.13
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 3.65
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 1.63
    tetrabutyl urea 3.54
    diisobutyl methanol 2.59
    2-phenylethanol 3.04
    styrene 0.42
    dioctyl adipate 1.84
    dimethyl sulfate 38.08
    ethyl butyrate 2.08
    methyl lactate 42.79
    butyl lactate 4.22
    diethyl carbonate 1.27
    propanediol butyl ether 19.51
    triethyl orthoformate 2.53
    p-tert-butyltoluene 1.09
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 6.39
    morpholine 64.48
    tert-butylamine 9.83
    n-dodecanol 1.75
    dimethoxymethane 89.34
    ethylene carbonate 5.4
    cyrene 31.36
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 2.57
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.83
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.77
    4-methylpyridine 3.36
    dibutyl ether 1.56
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 2.59
    DEF 52.16
    dimethyl isosorbide 18.11
    tetrachloroethylene 4.22
    eugenol 7.88
    triacetin 3.98
    span 80 11.29
    1,4-butanediol 67.71
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.95
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 4.53
    methyl formate 87.99
    2-methyl-1-butanol 14.9
    n-decane 0.49
    butyronitrile 3.63
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 2.43
    1-chlorooctane 0.85
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.42
    n-nonane 0.53
    undecane 0.36
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.29
    cyclooctane 1.25
    cyclopentanol 29.6
    tetrahydropyran 11.29
    tert-amyl methyl ether 7.53
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 31.66
    1-hexene 0.53
    2-isopropoxyethanol 25.82
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 96.3
    methyl butyrate 4.11

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction