(-)-Cystine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    56-89-3

    Molecular formula
    C6H12N2O4S2

    SMILES
    C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)SSC[C@@H](C(=O)O)N

    Safety labels

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 53.66%
    Meaty 49.01%
    Savory 47.13%
    Sulfurous 46.97%
    Cooked 31.55%
    Roasted 30.05%
    Onion 24.01%
    Garlic 20.54%
    Beefy 20.52%
    Sweet 19.71%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 51.44%
    Bitter 34.59%
    Bland 31.82%
    Mild 31.41%
    Sulfury 27.57%
    Cooked 25.71%
    Roasted 25.01%
    Sulfurous 23.05%
    Sweet-like 22.91%
    Yeast 21.95%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -6.3

    pKa est.
    5.05 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    240.3 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    450°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 260.5 dec °C
    • 260.5 °C

    Flash point

    • 228.22 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 190 mg/L (at 20 °C)
    • 0.19 mg/mL

  • Synonyms

    • L-cystine
    • 56-89-3
    • cystine
    • L-Dicysteine
    • beta,beta'-Dithiodialanine
    • L-Cysteine disulfide
    • 1-Cystine
    • 3,3'-Dithiodialanine
    • Cystine, L-
    • Dicysteine
    • Cystine (L)-
    • Cystine acid
    • Cysteine disulfide
    • Cystin
    • (-)-Cystine
    • Alanine, 3,3'-dithiodi-
    • Alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-
    • beta,beta'-Dithioalanine, L-
    • L-Alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-
    • 3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
    • cistina
    • L-alpha-Diamino-beta-dithiolactic acid
    • DTXSID2046418
    • Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl)disulfide
    • (R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
    • 48TCX9A1VT
    • beta,beta'-Diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide
    • (2R,2'R)-3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
    • beta,beta'-Diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyldisulfide
    • 3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid), (R-(R*,R*))-
    • Propanoic acid, 3,3'-dithiobis(2-amino-, (R-(R*,R*))-
    • NSC-13203
    • (2R)-2-amino-3-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl}propanoic acid
    • DTXCID0026418
    • CHEBI:16283
    • (2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid
    • (R,R)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
    • alpha-Diamino-beta-dithiolactic acid
    • L Cystine
    • [R-(R*,R*)]-3,3'-dithiobis[2-aminopropanoic acid]
    • CHEBI:17376
    • cystinum
    • DTXSID50859005
    • (2R)-2-amino-3-(((2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)disulfanyl)propanoic acid
    • RefChem:5726
    • DTXCID60210087
    • 3,3'-Disulfanediylbis((2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid)
    • (2R)-2-azaniumyl-3-(((2R)-2-azaniumyl-2-carboxylatoethyl)disulfanyl)propanoate
    • 200-296-3
    • 2-amino-3-((2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)disulfanyl)propanoic acid
    • 3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
    • NSC13203
    • L-Cystin
    • (H-Cys-OH)2
    • L-(-)-Cystine
    • MFCD00064228
    • Gelucystine
    • 3,3'-Dithiobis-L-alanine
    • C6H12N2O4S2
    • (2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid
    • NSC 13203
    • M06021
    • S-(((R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio)cysteine
    • Cystine (VAN)
    • Cystine [USAN]
    • Cystin (VAN)
    • 2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoic acid
    • Cystine,d
    • (R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis
    • [R-(R*,R*)]-3,3'-Dithiobis
    • CAS-56-89-3
    • 2079930-29-1
    • (H-Cys-OH)
    • CCRIS 5822
    • Cystine [USAN:INN]
    • EINECS 200-296-3
    • UNII-48TCX9A1VT
    • BRN 1728094
    • AI3-09064
    • Cystine CRS
    • NCGC00164531-01
    • IYY
    • 3,3'-Dithiobis
    • b,b'-Dithiodialanine
    • (R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid)
    • L-Cystine (9CI)
    • L-Cystine (Standard)
    • Cystine (USAN/INN)
    • L-Cystine (JP17)
    • CYSTINE [VANDF]
    • Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfide
    • CYSTINE [INN]
    • CYSTINE [MI]
    • CYSTINE [MART.]
    • L-CYSTINE [FCC]
    • L-CYSTINE [JAN]
    • Cystine, L- (8CI)
    • CYSTINE [USP-RS]
    • CYSTINE [WHO-DD]
    • bmse000035
    • beta,beta'-Dithiobisalanine
    • EC 200-296-3
    • S-CYSTEINYL CYSTEINE
    • SCHEMBL10226
    • 4-04-00-03155 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • L-Cystine, non-animal source
    • CYSTINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
    • CHEMBL590540
    • GTPL5413
    • orb1304734
    • HY-N0394R
    • MSK1429
    • HY-N0394
    • Tox21_112162
    • CCG-36355
    • EBC-26280
    • L-Cystine, >=99.7% (TLC)
    • s4808
    • Bis(b-amino-b-carboxyethyl) disulfide
    • Cystine, NIST(R) SRM(R) 143d
    • AKOS015898645
    • Tox21_112162_1
    • DB00138
    • FC29798
    • (2R)-2-azanyl-3-[[(2R)-2-azanyl-3-oxidanyl-3-oxidanylidene-propyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid
    • Bis(b-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfide
    • NCGC00166006-01
    • 56-89-3

  • Applications

    (-)-Cystine is used as a chiral amino acid building block and intermediate in pharmaceutical and peptide synthesis; it can be reduced to two cysteine molecules for downstream thiol chemistry in drug manufacture and biotech workflows; in cosmetics and personal care it serves as a sulfur-containing amino acid source for formulations that rely on protein-based ingredients and keratin-related conditioning; in industrial manufacturing it acts as a chemical building block for sulfur-containing compounds and as a precursor in the synthesis of specialty chemicals; in polymers and materials science its disulfide functionality enables crosslinking and modification of certain polymer systems. Subject to local regulations and formulation limits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 0.01
    methanol 0.02
    isopropanol 0.0
    water 2.9
    ethyl acetate 0.01
    n-propanol 0.0
    acetone 0.01
    n-butanol 0.0
    acetonitrile 0.0
    DMF 0.22
    toluene 0.01
    isobutanol 0.0
    1,4-dioxane 0.02
    methyl acetate 0.0
    THF 0.03
    2-butanone 0.01
    n-pentanol 0.0
    sec-butanol 0.0
    n-hexane 0.0
    ethylene glycol 0.14
    NMP 1.75
    cyclohexane 0.01
    DMSO 1.68
    n-butyl acetate 0.02
    n-octanol 0.01
    chloroform 0.0
    n-propyl acetate 0.01
    acetic acid 0.17
    dichloromethane 0.0
    cyclohexanone 0.05
    propylene glycol 0.06
    isopropyl acetate 0.01
    DMAc 0.57
    2-ethoxyethanol 0.08
    isopentanol 0.01
    n-heptane 0.02
    ethyl formate 0.01
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.0
    n-hexanol 0.01
    2-methoxyethanol 0.14
    isobutyl acetate 0.0
    tetrachloromethane 0.0
    n-pentyl acetate 0.01
    transcutol 0.25
    n-heptanol 0.02
    ethylbenzene 0.01
    MIBK 0.01
    2-propoxyethanol 0.12
    tert-butanol 0.01
    MTBE 0.01
    2-butoxyethanol 0.11
    propionic acid 0.02
    o-xylene 0.02
    formic acid 1.54
    diethyl ether 0.0
    m-xylene 0.02
    p-xylene 0.01
    chlorobenzene 0.0
    dimethyl carbonate 0.03
    n-octane 0.01
    formamide 0.9
    cyclopentanone 0.06
    2-pentanone 0.01
    anisole 0.01
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 0.03
    gamma-butyrolactone 0.08
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 0.11
    pyridine 0.02
    3-pentanone 0.01
    furfural 0.26
    n-dodecane 0.0
    diethylene glycol 0.52
    diisopropyl ether 0.01
    tert-amyl alcohol 0.01
    acetylacetone 0.06
    n-hexadecane 0.0
    acetophenone 0.04
    methyl propionate 0.01
    isopentyl acetate 0.02
    trichloroethylene 0.01
    n-nonanol 0.01
    cyclohexanol 0.02
    benzyl alcohol 0.02
    2-ethylhexanol 0.02
    isooctanol 0.02
    dipropyl ether 0.02
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.01
    ethyl lactate 0.05
    propylene carbonate 0.07
    n-methylformamide 0.07
    2-pentanol 0.01
    n-pentane 0.0
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 0.11
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 0.08
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 0.21
    mesitylene 0.02
    ε-caprolactone 0.05
    p-cymene 0.03
    epichlorohydrin 0.02
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.0
    2-aminoethanol 0.07
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 0.64
    sulfolane 1.09
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.0
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 0.02
    n-hexyl acetate 0.01
    isooctane 0.0
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 0.21
    sec-butyl acetate 0.01
    tert-butyl acetate 0.03
    decalin 0.01
    glycerin 0.79
    diglyme 0.3
    acrylic acid 0.06
    isopropyl myristate 0.01
    n-butyric acid 0.03
    acetyl acetate 0.02
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.03
    ethyl propionate 0.01
    nitromethane 0.13
    1,2-diethoxyethane 0.02
    benzonitrile 0.01
    trioctyl phosphate 0.02
    1-bromopropane 0.0
    gamma-valerolactone 0.22
    n-decanol 0.01
    triethyl phosphate 0.05
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.01
    propionitrile 0.0
    vinylene carbonate 0.05
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 0.25
    DMS 0.03
    cumene 0.01
    2-octanol 0.01
    2-hexanone 0.01
    octyl acetate 0.01
    limonene 0.04
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 0.07
    ethyl orthosilicate 0.05
    tributyl phosphate 0.02
    diacetone alcohol 0.13
    N,N-dimethylaniline 0.04
    acrylonitrile 0.01
    aniline 0.01
    1,3-propanediol 0.05
    bromobenzene 0.0
    dibromomethane 0.0
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.01
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 0.03
    tetrabutyl urea 0.06
    diisobutyl methanol 0.03
    2-phenylethanol 0.03
    styrene 0.01
    dioctyl adipate 0.02
    dimethyl sulfate 0.18
    ethyl butyrate 0.02
    methyl lactate 0.12
    butyl lactate 0.07
    diethyl carbonate 0.02
    propanediol butyl ether 0.14
    triethyl orthoformate 0.05
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.03
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 0.14
    morpholine 0.03
    tert-butylamine 0.01
    n-dodecanol 0.01
    dimethoxymethane 0.06
    ethylene carbonate 0.03
    cyrene 0.49
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 0.03
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.02
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.01
    4-methylpyridine 0.01
    dibutyl ether 0.01
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.03
    DEF 0.06
    dimethyl isosorbide 0.45
    tetrachloroethylene 0.01
    eugenol 0.15
    triacetin 0.06
    span 80 0.17
    1,4-butanediol 0.03
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.0
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 0.01
    methyl formate 0.04
    2-methyl-1-butanol 0.0
    n-decane 0.0
    butyronitrile 0.0
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 0.01
    1-chlorooctane 0.0
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.0
    n-nonane 0.0
    undecane 0.0
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.0
    cyclooctane 0.01
    cyclopentanol 0.02
    tetrahydropyran 0.01
    tert-amyl methyl ether 0.01
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 0.39
    1-hexene 0.0
    2-isopropoxyethanol 0.04
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 0.22
    methyl butyrate 0.01

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction