Chrysophanol

Overview IFRA Request a quote

  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    481-74-3

    Molecular formula
    C15H10O4

    SMILES
    CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Phenolic 53.21%
    Odorless 46.71%
    Sweet 31.26%
    Spicy 29.99%
    Burnt 28.35%
    Bitter 28.01%
    Dry 26.47%
    Woody 25.81%
    Medicinal 25.34%
    Balsamic 24.42%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 95.18%
    Odorless 22.21%
    Lovage 19.4%
    Cedarleaf 19.35%
    Nitrile 19.31%
    Very strong 19.09%
    Indole 18.69%
    Sweet-like 18.65%
    Parsley 18.37%
    Ripe apricot 18.25%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    3.5

    pKa est.
    8.83 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    254.24 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 385 °F (sublimes) (NTP, 1992)
    • 196 °C
    • 200 - 201 °C

    Boiling point

    • Sublimes

    Flash point

    • 251.08 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • less than 1 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • Practically insoluble in water
    • Very soluble in benzene, acetic acid
    • Slightly soluble in cold, freely in boiling alcohol; soluble in benzene, chloroform, ether, glacial acetic acid, acetone, solutions of alkali hydrides, and in hot solutions of alkali carbonates; very slightly soluble in petroleum ether

  • Synonyms

    • Chrysophanol
    • CHRYSOPHANIC ACID
    • 481-74-3
    • 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthracene-9,10-dione
    • 3-Methylchrysazin
    • 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone
    • 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione
    • C.I. Natural Yellow 23
    • 4,5-Dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone
    • 3-Methyl-1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone
    • 2-Methyl-4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone
    • C.I. 75400
    • DTXSID6024832
    • N1ST8V8RR2
    • NSC-37132
    • NSC-646567
    • CHEBI:3687
    • Anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-
    • 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone
    • DTXCID704832
    • RefChem:32517
    • 207-572-2
    • Turkey rhubarb
    • NSC 37132
    • Crysophanol
    • NSC 646567
    • Crysophanic acid
    • 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-Methyl-Anthraquinone
    • Rumicin
    • MFCD00001208
    • Chrysophanic acid (Chrysophanol)
    • 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthracene-9,10-dione
    • 9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-
    • NSC646567
    • Chrysophanic acid (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone)
    • 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthra-9,10-quinone
    • CCRIS 3525
    • EINECS 207-572-2
    • UNII-N1ST8V8RR2
    • chirysophanol
    • Archinin
    • Chrysophansaeure
    • Archinin;
    • Rheic acid;
    • Chrysophanic acid;
    • 3-Methylchrysazin;
    • Spectrum_000792
    • Chrysophanol (Standard)
    • SpecPlus_000321
    • Spectrum2_000043
    • Spectrum3_001183
    • Spectrum4_001477
    • Spectrum5_000153
    • BSPBio_002825
    • KBioGR_002053
    • KBioSS_001272
    • SPECTRUM300545
    • MLS000574888
    • CHEMBL41092
    • DivK1c_006417
    • SCHEMBL308131
    • SPBio_000165
    • CHRYSOPHANIC ACID [MI]
    • orb1304759
    • 9, 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-
    • SCHEMBL29364442
    • SCHEMBL29730935
    • SCHEMBL30457995
    • Chrysophanol, analytical standard
    • HSDB 8483
    • KBio1_001361
    • KBio2_001272
    • KBio2_003840
    • KBio2_006408
    • KBio3_002325
    • HMS3656G17
    • CHRYSOPHANIC ACID [WHO-DD]
    • EX-A6777
    • NSC37132
    • Tox21_202499
    • 1,8-DIHYDROXY-3-METHYL-9,10-DIHYDROANTHRACENE-9,10-DIONE
    • Anthraquinone,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-
    • BDBM50455992
    • CCG-38348
    • EBC-99039
    • HY-13595R
    • LMPK13040006
    • MSK000528
    • s2406
    • SBB012460
    • STL564344
    • 3-Methyl-1, 8-dihydroxyanthraquinone
    • 4, 5-Dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone
    • AKOS015905000
    • AC-7980
    • DS-9706
    • FC20424
    • MSK000528-100Y
    • SDCCGMLS-0066504.P001
    • NCGC00091823-01
    • NCGC00091823-02
    • NCGC00091823-03
    • NCGC00091823-04
    • NCGC00091823-05
    • NCGC00260048-01
    • CAS-481-74-3
    • HY-13595
    • SMR000156239
    • ST072177
    • 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone, 98%
    • 8,9-dihydroxy-6-methyl-1,10-anthraquinone
    • C2505
    • Chrysophanol Solution in Ethanol, 100ug/mL
    • NS00021170
    • SW219732-1
    • 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthra-9,10-quinone #
    • EN300-7401332
    • 481C743
    • F032375
    • SR-01000712223
    • 1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione, 9CI
    • SR-01000712223-2
    • BRD-K59284035-001-02-0
    • BRD-K59284035-001-03-8
    • BRD-K59284035-001-07-9
    • Q15410875
    • 9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl- (9CI)
    • 481-74-3

  • Applications

    Chrysophanol (CAS 481-74-3) is used as a pigment precursor and colorant in coatings, inks, and plastics; it serves as a synthetic building block to access other anthraquinone derivatives in industrial manufacturing; in natural product chemistry it provides a reference material and starting point for phytochemical studies; it has been investigated for in vitro biological activities, including antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, but such findings are preliminary and contingent on formulation and regulatory considerations; and it may be evaluated for pigment applications in polymer formulations where compatibility permits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 0.78
    methanol 0.35
    isopropanol 0.68
    water 0.0
    ethyl acetate 2.68
    n-propanol 0.79
    acetone 2.77
    n-butanol 0.94
    acetonitrile 1.38
    DMF 38.08
    toluene 2.68
    isobutanol 0.63
    1,4-dioxane 10.14
    methyl acetate 3.42
    THF 36.68
    2-butanone 3.93
    n-pentanol 1.24
    sec-butanol 0.52
    n-hexane 0.02
    ethylene glycol 0.84
    NMP 48.82
    cyclohexane 0.03
    DMSO 25.69
    n-butyl acetate 7.28
    n-octanol 3.41
    chloroform 0.98
    n-propyl acetate 4.38
    acetic acid 2.51
    dichloromethane 1.18
    cyclohexanone 15.19
    propylene glycol 0.86
    isopropyl acetate 4.03
    DMAc 46.83
    2-ethoxyethanol 5.3
    isopentanol 1.74
    n-heptane 0.05
    ethyl formate 2.09
    1,2-dichloroethane 1.92
    n-hexanol 3.01
    2-methoxyethanol 11.51
    isobutyl acetate 4.72
    tetrachloromethane 0.15
    n-pentyl acetate 6.44
    transcutol 15.86
    n-heptanol 3.92
    ethylbenzene 1.91
    MIBK 5.52
    2-propoxyethanol 15.93
    tert-butanol 2.48
    MTBE 1.38
    2-butoxyethanol 10.2
    propionic acid 1.91
    o-xylene 2.24
    formic acid 1.36
    diethyl ether 0.71
    m-xylene 2.83
    p-xylene 2.5
    chlorobenzene 1.95
    dimethyl carbonate 7.17
    n-octane 0.05
    formamide 4.05
    cyclopentanone 25.9
    2-pentanone 4.07
    anisole 6.65
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 7.63
    gamma-butyrolactone 24.6
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 10.31
    pyridine 12.28
    3-pentanone 2.7
    furfural 21.86
    n-dodecane 0.17
    diethylene glycol 13.95
    diisopropyl ether 0.58
    tert-amyl alcohol 1.58
    acetylacetone 10.89
    n-hexadecane 0.21
    acetophenone 10.62
    methyl propionate 4.7
    isopentyl acetate 8.86
    trichloroethylene 6.41
    n-nonanol 3.93
    cyclohexanol 1.83
    benzyl alcohol 6.55
    2-ethylhexanol 3.46
    isooctanol 3.9
    dipropyl ether 2.8
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 2.9
    ethyl lactate 5.54
    propylene carbonate 10.68
    n-methylformamide 6.05
    2-pentanol 0.66
    n-pentane 0.01
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 11.34
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 15.18
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 13.28
    mesitylene 1.66
    ε-caprolactone 14.21
    p-cymene 2.9
    epichlorohydrin 23.94
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 1.23
    2-aminoethanol 1.43
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 38.27
    sulfolane 44.1
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.05
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 8.61
    n-hexyl acetate 7.81
    isooctane 0.06
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 13.43
    sec-butyl acetate 4.29
    tert-butyl acetate 8.19
    decalin 0.16
    glycerin 4.62
    diglyme 24.95
    acrylic acid 3.07
    isopropyl myristate 4.48
    n-butyric acid 3.09
    acetyl acetate 3.46
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 6.28
    ethyl propionate 4.62
    nitromethane 8.44
    1,2-diethoxyethane 5.81
    benzonitrile 7.5
    trioctyl phosphate 4.94
    1-bromopropane 0.57
    gamma-valerolactone 36.8
    n-decanol 3.14
    triethyl phosphate 6.31
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 1.42
    propionitrile 2.01
    vinylene carbonate 9.55
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 17.0
    DMS 10.46
    cumene 1.8
    2-octanol 2.71
    2-hexanone 5.44
    octyl acetate 5.66
    limonene 3.0
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 16.6
    ethyl orthosilicate 5.6
    tributyl phosphate 4.63
    diacetone alcohol 15.43
    N,N-dimethylaniline 6.51
    acrylonitrile 4.96
    aniline 4.9
    1,3-propanediol 2.89
    bromobenzene 1.86
    dibromomethane 0.58
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 5.02
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 8.76
    tetrabutyl urea 8.04
    diisobutyl methanol 2.91
    2-phenylethanol 10.74
    styrene 1.7
    dioctyl adipate 7.2
    dimethyl sulfate 18.51
    ethyl butyrate 5.97
    methyl lactate 7.75
    butyl lactate 6.48
    diethyl carbonate 5.09
    propanediol butyl ether 6.84
    triethyl orthoformate 6.78
    p-tert-butyltoluene 2.76
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 13.85
    morpholine 13.81
    tert-butylamine 0.94
    n-dodecanol 2.38
    dimethoxymethane 17.11
    ethylene carbonate 6.74
    cyrene 18.7
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 9.29
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 7.1
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 5.05
    4-methylpyridine 11.73
    dibutyl ether 2.95
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 2.91
    DEF 10.26
    dimethyl isosorbide 29.37
    tetrachloroethylene 2.49
    eugenol 14.73
    triacetin 9.56
    span 80 9.73
    1,4-butanediol 1.14
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.71
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 2.05
    methyl formate 4.65
    2-methyl-1-butanol 1.13
    n-decane 0.22
    butyronitrile 1.97
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 3.72
    1-chlorooctane 1.58
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.92
    n-nonane 0.13
    undecane 0.19
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.18
    cyclooctane 0.02
    cyclopentanol 2.45
    tetrahydropyran 4.2
    tert-amyl methyl ether 1.93
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 21.73
    1-hexene 0.2
    2-isopropoxyethanol 4.86
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 1.69
    methyl butyrate 5.83

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction