Chloramphenicol

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    56-75-7

    Molecular formula
    C11H12Cl2N2O5

    SMILES
    C1=CC(=CC=C1[C@H]([C@@H](CO)NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)O)[N+](=O)[O-]

    Safety labels

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Health Hazard
    Health

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 65.9%
    Sweet 39.9%
    Savory 32.81%
    Milky 24.69%
    Cooling 23.93%
    Bitter 22.22%
    Buttery 16.8%
    Fishy 16.07%
    Vanilla 15.97%
    Creamy 15.93%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 65.1%
    Odorless 61.09%
    Bland 31.6%
    Mild 26.78%
    Sweet-like 24.34%
    Very mild 22.7%
    Yeast 20.01%
    Nitrile 19.77%
    Orange flower 18.3%
    Bread crust 18.25%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    1.1

    pKa est.
    7.1 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    323.13 g/mol

    Melting point expt.

    • 171
    • 150.5-151.5 °C
    • MP: 149-153 °C
    • 150.5 °C

    Boiling point

    • Sublimes in high vacuum

    Flash point

    • 235.58 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 2500 mg/L (at 25 °C)
    • In water, 2.5 mg/mL at 25 °C
    • Solubility in propylene glycol: 150.8 mg/mol. Very sol in methanol, ethanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, acetone. Fairly soluble in ether. Insoluble in benzene, petroleum ether, vegetable oils. Solubility in 50% acetamide solution about 5%.
    • Very soluble in acetone, chloroform, ethanol
    • 4.61e-01 g/L

  • Synonyms

    • chloramphenicol
    • 56-75-7
    • Chlornitromycin
    • Levomycetin
    • Levomicetina
    • Chlorocid
    • Chloroamphenicol
    • Alficetyn
    • Chloramex
    • Globenicol
    • Halomycetin
    • Oleomycetin
    • Amphicol
    • Chlorocol
    • Fenicol
    • D-Chloramphenicol
    • Mychel
    • Chloramficin
    • Chloramfilin
    • Chloronitrin
    • Enteromycetin
    • Amseclor
    • Aquamycetin
    • Austracil
    • Austracol
    • Chemicetin
    • Chemicetina
    • Chlomycol
    • Chloramsaar
    • Chlorocaps
    • Chloroptic
    • Cidocetine
    • Cloramicol
    • Econochlor
    • Juvamycetin
    • Kemicetine
    • Leukomyan
    • Leukomycin
    • Novomycetin
    • Ophthochlor
    • Sificetina
    • Catilan
    • Klorita
    • Biophenicol
    • Chloricol
    • Ciplamycetin
    • Cloramficin
    • Cloramidina
    • Cloromisan
    • Comycetin
    • Cylphenicol
    • Detreomycine
    • Doctamicina
    • Embacetin
    • Erbaplast
    • Farmicetina
    • Intramycetin
    • Ismicetina
    • Isophenicol
    • Laevomycetinum
    • Loromisin
    • Mastiphen
    • Mediamycetine
    • Micochlorine
    • Microcetina
    • Novophenicol
    • Rivomycin
    • Sintomicetina
    • Stanomycetin
    • Synthomycetin
    • Ambofen
    • Anacetin
    • Biocetin
    • Chlomin
    • Clorocyn
    • Desphen
    • Emetren
    • Ertilen
    • Glorous
    • Kamaver
    • Paraxin
    • Enicol
    • Isopto fenicol
    • Chlora-tabs
    • Chloramphenicolum
    • Chloroject L
    • Chlorocidin C tetran
    • Cloramfenicol
    • Novochlorocap
    • Chloromax
    • Oftalent
    • Pantovernil
    • Romphenil
    • Septicol
    • Mycinol
    • Opclor
    • Otophen
    • Cloroamfenicolo
    • Chlorofair
    • Optomycin
    • Cloranfenicol
    • Tifomycine
    • Treomicetina
    • Unimycetin
    • Tevcocin
    • Veticol
    • Viceton
    • 2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide
    • Chloramphenicol crystalline
    • I 337A
    • Chloroptic S.O.P.
    • NCI-C55709
    • U-6062
    • 2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]acetamide
    • (-)-chloramphenicol
    • D-(-)-threo-1-p-Nitrophenyl-2-dichloroacetylamino-1,3-propanediol
    • DTXSID7020265
    • NSC3069
    • NSC-3069
    • D-(-)-2,2-Dichloro-N-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-p-nitrophenylethyl)acetamide
    • D-(-)-threo-1-p-Nitrophenyl-2-dichloracetamido-1,3-propanediol
    • CHEBI:17698
    • Acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl)-, (R-(R*,R*))-
    • 66974FR9Q1
    • 9-hydroxy-9-phenylxanthene
    • DTXCID90265
    • Kloramfenikol
    • 56-75-7

  • Applications

    Chloramphenicol (CAS 56-75-7) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic primarily used in pharmaceuticals: in human medicine as systemic antibiotic formulations and in ophthalmic drops for conjunctival infections, and in veterinary medicine for animal health with strict restrictions on use in food-producing animals. In research and development, it serves as a selective antibiotic in microbiology, used for selecting chloramphenicol-resistant strains in culture media and during plasmid-based genetic experiments.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 12.69
    methanol 25.1
    isopropanol 5.98
    water 0.96
    ethyl acetate 4.05
    n-propanol 7.74
    acetone 29.63
    n-butanol 3.7
    acetonitrile 4.41
    DMF 254.23
    toluene 0.75
    isobutanol 3.56
    1,4-dioxane 9.62
    methyl acetate 7.46
    THF 50.04
    2-butanone 14.33
    n-pentanol 4.38
    sec-butanol 5.07
    n-hexane 0.08
    ethylene glycol 21.93
    NMP 143.95
    cyclohexane 0.11
    DMSO 201.29
    n-butyl acetate 3.45
    n-octanol 2.71
    chloroform 0.94
    n-propyl acetate 4.42
    acetic acid 31.02
    dichloromethane 1.76
    cyclohexanone 16.38
    propylene glycol 15.16
    isopropyl acetate 3.46
    DMAc 290.33
    2-ethoxyethanol 42.51
    isopentanol 3.71
    n-heptane 0.2
    ethyl formate 5.32
    1,2-dichloroethane 2.28
    n-hexanol 3.96
    2-methoxyethanol 73.82
    isobutyl acetate 1.76
    tetrachloromethane 0.22
    n-pentyl acetate 4.09
    transcutol 67.58
    n-heptanol 4.07
    ethylbenzene 0.71
    MIBK 5.81
    2-propoxyethanol 27.12
    tert-butanol 8.29
    MTBE 3.39
    2-butoxyethanol 15.9
    propionic acid 8.04
    o-xylene 1.16
    formic acid 65.09
    diethyl ether 2.18
    m-xylene 0.79
    p-xylene 1.0
    chlorobenzene 0.53
    dimethyl carbonate 11.91
    n-octane 0.12
    formamide 104.42
    cyclopentanone 35.73
    2-pentanone 8.64
    anisole 5.05
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 6.55
    gamma-butyrolactone 36.2
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 43.62
    pyridine 7.89
    3-pentanone 6.29
    furfural 29.91
    n-dodecane 0.09
    diethylene glycol 38.1
    diisopropyl ether 0.72
    tert-amyl alcohol 8.25
    acetylacetone 20.44
    n-hexadecane 0.1
    acetophenone 9.34
    methyl propionate 9.14
    isopentyl acetate 3.69
    trichloroethylene 4.73
    n-nonanol 2.93
    cyclohexanol 3.71
    benzyl alcohol 7.86
    2-ethylhexanol 2.26
    isooctanol 3.01
    dipropyl ether 3.14
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.89
    ethyl lactate 11.04
    propylene carbonate 10.74
    n-methylformamide 58.03
    2-pentanol 2.39
    n-pentane 0.07
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 17.46
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 12.23
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 21.47
    mesitylene 0.6
    ε-caprolactone 13.89
    p-cymene 1.01
    epichlorohydrin 24.24
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.83
    2-aminoethanol 24.43
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 88.67
    sulfolane 78.58
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.1
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 10.53
    n-hexyl acetate 4.85
    isooctane 0.06
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 24.24
    sec-butyl acetate 2.49
    tert-butyl acetate 6.3
    decalin 0.1
    glycerin 41.32
    diglyme 51.53
    acrylic acid 12.36
    isopropyl myristate 2.2
    n-butyric acid 7.0
    acetyl acetate 3.84
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 4.36
    ethyl propionate 4.53
    nitromethane 62.85
    1,2-diethoxyethane 8.66
    benzonitrile 3.07
    trioctyl phosphate 2.98
    1-bromopropane 0.57
    gamma-valerolactone 52.02
    n-decanol 2.2
    triethyl phosphate 4.05
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 1.91
    propionitrile 2.86
    vinylene carbonate 8.68
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 39.27
    DMS 7.05
    cumene 0.64
    2-octanol 2.31
    2-hexanone 6.73
    octyl acetate 3.43
    limonene 1.56
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 46.71
    ethyl orthosilicate 3.58
    tributyl phosphate 3.17
    diacetone alcohol 21.99
    N,N-dimethylaniline 6.29
    acrylonitrile 6.84
    aniline 2.88
    1,3-propanediol 20.63
    bromobenzene 0.38
    dibromomethane 0.75
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 4.21
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 5.27
    tetrabutyl urea 8.09
    diisobutyl methanol 1.77
    2-phenylethanol 6.22
    styrene 0.77
    dioctyl adipate 5.93
    dimethyl sulfate 37.88
    ethyl butyrate 4.5
    methyl lactate 23.67
    butyl lactate 8.61
    diethyl carbonate 3.3
    propanediol butyl ether 17.32
    triethyl orthoformate 4.63
    p-tert-butyltoluene 1.11
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 13.28
    morpholine 22.37
    tert-butylamine 2.39
    n-dodecanol 1.55
    dimethoxymethane 61.8
    ethylene carbonate 5.55
    cyrene 34.39
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 9.17
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 2.32
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1.7
    4-methylpyridine 6.26
    dibutyl ether 2.17
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 1.77
    DEF 27.88
    dimethyl isosorbide 32.24
    tetrachloroethylene 2.58
    eugenol 15.44
    triacetin 12.27
    span 80 13.45
    1,4-butanediol 12.17
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.79
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 3.82
    methyl formate 36.64
    2-methyl-1-butanol 3.75
    n-decane 0.16
    butyronitrile 2.05
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 2.43
    1-chlorooctane 0.7
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.3
    n-nonane 0.14
    undecane 0.11
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.1
    cyclooctane 0.06
    cyclopentanol 6.82
    tetrahydropyran 4.2
    tert-amyl methyl ether 4.16
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 39.17
    1-hexene 0.4
    2-isopropoxyethanol 19.97
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 15.49
    methyl butyrate 7.39

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction