(-)-Carnitine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    541-15-1

    Molecular formula
    C7H15NO3

    SMILES
    C[N+](C)(C)C[C@@H](CC(=O)[O-])O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 38.19%
    Fruity 29.56%
    Fatty 29.08%
    Cheesy 24.78%
    Musk 24.49%
    Sweet 23.19%
    Sour 22.04%
    Mint 21.45%
    Milky 20.8%
    Creamy 20.76%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 38.65%
    Mild 31.1%
    Bland 30.31%
    Stinky 19.98%
    Yeasty 19.94%
    Acrid 19.46%
    Sweet-like 18.97%
    Cat-urine 18.9%
    Mouldy 18.89%
    Catty 18.8%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -0.2

    pKa est.
    3.91 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    161.2 g/mol

    Melting point expt.

    • 195-198
    • 197 °C (dec)

    Flash point

    • -118.83 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 2500 mg/mL
    • Readily soluble in water and hot alcohol. Practically insoluble in acetone, ether and benzene

  • Synonyms

    • L-carnitine
    • Levocarnitine
    • 541-15-1
    • Carnitor
    • vitamin BT
    • (-)-Carnitine
    • (-)-L-Carnitine
    • Karnitin
    • L-(-)-Carnitine
    • Levocarnitina
    • Carnitene
    • Metina
    • Carnitine, (-)-
    • Levocarnitinum
    • Carnitolo
    • Carnovis
    • Lefcar
    • (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate
    • Carnitor SF
    • (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
    • Carnicor
    • gamma-Trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine
    • gamma-Trimethyl-ammonium-beta-hydroxybutirate
    • 3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium hydroxide, inner salt
    • L-gamma-trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine
    • R-(-)-3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate
    • 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium
    • NSC-759132
    • 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, (R)-
    • 0G389FZZ9M
    • levocarnitine HCl
    • gamma-Trimethyl-hydroxybutyrobetaine
    • Cardiogen
    • DTXSID4023208
    • CHEBI:16347
    • Oristar lch
    • Miotonal
    • Miocor
    • Levocarnil
    • Nefrocarnit
    • Biocarn
    • L Carnitine
    • Levocarnitine Oral
    • LEVOCARNITINE SF
    • RefChem:5944
    • DTXCID903208
    • levocarnitine propyl hydrochloride
    • A16AA01
    • (R)-Carnitine
    • L-Carnitine inner salt
    • bicarnesine
    • Carniking
    • Carnilean
    • L-carnitine Base
    • Levocarnitinum [Latin]
    • Levocarnitina [Spanish]
    • Carniking 50
    • Carnitine, L-
    • 1-CARNITINE
    • DRG-0211
    • (R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate
    • MFCD00038747
    • (R)-(3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide
    • 44985-71-9
    • (L-3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide, inner salt
    • (3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide, inner salt
    • CHEMBL1149
    • 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt, (R)-
    • Ammonium, (3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt, L-
    • Carrier
    • (-)-(R)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrate
    • 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt
    • 1-Propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt, (2R)-
    • Levocarnitine [USAN:INN]
    • vitamin B T
    • Carnitor (TN)
    • SMR000112475
    • carnitine (L-form)
    • Levocarnitine;Vitamin B(T)
    • (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylamino)butanoic acid
    • EINECS 208-768-0
    • UNII-0G389FZZ9M
    • Carnipass
    • delta-carnitine
    • Levocarnitine (JAN/USP/INN)
    • HSDB 7588
    • Levocarnitine CRS
    • Carnipass 20
    • Levocarnitine [USAN:USP:INN:BAN]
    • 1-Propanaminium,3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-
    • (R)-3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutyrate
    • L-Carnitine (Standard)
    • CARNITINE [MI]
    • (R)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrate
    • bmse000211
    • L-CARNITINE [FCC]
    • L-Carnitin 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
    • LEVOCARNITINE [INN]
    • LEVOCARNITINE [JAN]
    • L-carnitine (Levocarnitine)
    • L-CARNITINE [VANDF]
    • LEVOCARNITINE [HSDB]
    • LEVOCARNITINE [USAN]
    • SCHEMBL21970
    • LEVOCARNITINE [VANDF]
    • MLS001332549
    • MLS001332550
    • BIDD:GT0603
    • LEVOCARNITINE [MART.]
    • (3R)-(-)-3-Hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate
    • LEVOCARNITINE [USP-RS]
    • LEVOCARNITINE [WHO-DD]
    • GTPL4780
    • HY-B0399R
    • MSK1534
    • HMS2093J13
    • HMS2267H24
    • Pharmakon1600-01505437
    • LEVOCARNITINE [ORANGE BOOK]
    • HY-B0399
    • LEVOCARNITINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
    • (2r)-3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-1-propanaminium inner salt
    • (R)-(3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide, inner salt
    • Ammonium, (3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-, hydroxide,inner salt
    • BDBM50037268
    • c0049
    • EBC-11093
    • 541-15-1

  • Applications

    (-)-Carnitine is commonly considered for nutritional and agricultural applications; in its L-form it is often used as a dietary supplement ingredient for humans in dietary supplements, and may also be employed as an animal-feed additive in farming contexts. In cosmetics and personal care, it is incorporated into formulations as a conditioning and moisturizing ingredient for skin and hair. In the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, it is viewed as a precursor or intermediate and can be used as a chiral building block for the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 57.51
    methanol 196.29
    isopropanol 4.56
    water 614.89
    ethyl acetate 1.56
    n-propanol 19.34
    acetone 0.39
    n-butanol 5.75
    acetonitrile 1.92
    DMF 14.52
    toluene 0.2
    isobutanol 4.07
    1,4-dioxane 3.18
    methyl acetate 2.32
    THF 5.83
    2-butanone 0.81
    n-pentanol 1.27
    sec-butanol 3.66
    n-hexane 0.07
    ethylene glycol 232.69
    NMP 130.65
    cyclohexane 0.12
    DMSO 9.84
    n-butyl acetate 3.27
    n-octanol 2.33
    chloroform 2.45
    n-propyl acetate 1.38
    acetic acid 308.03
    dichloromethane 3.14
    cyclohexanone 3.8
    propylene glycol 119.53
    isopropyl acetate 0.62
    DMAc 21.33
    2-ethoxyethanol 14.69
    isopentanol 1.12
    n-heptane 0.2
    ethyl formate 6.62
    1,2-dichloroethane 1.24
    n-hexanol 4.78
    2-methoxyethanol 86.78
    isobutyl acetate 0.89
    tetrachloromethane 0.86
    n-pentyl acetate 1.91
    transcutol 41.35
    n-heptanol 3.61
    ethylbenzene 0.23
    MIBK 0.34
    2-propoxyethanol 36.09
    tert-butanol 1.81
    MTBE 0.27
    2-butoxyethanol 17.15
    propionic acid 69.88
    o-xylene 0.5
    formic acid 1253.85
    diethyl ether 0.41
    m-xylene 0.39
    p-xylene 0.32
    chlorobenzene 0.58
    dimethyl carbonate 3.92
    n-octane 0.07
    formamide 446.48
    cyclopentanone 6.11
    2-pentanone 0.47
    anisole 0.84
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 1.93
    gamma-butyrolactone 36.09
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 19.42
    pyridine 3.06
    3-pentanone 0.62
    furfural 42.7
    n-dodecane 0.07
    diethylene glycol 87.48
    diisopropyl ether 0.1
    tert-amyl alcohol 2.38
    acetylacetone 1.08
    n-hexadecane 0.07
    acetophenone 2.51
    methyl propionate 3.9
    isopentyl acetate 2.56
    trichloroethylene 3.2
    n-nonanol 2.12
    cyclohexanol 3.45
    benzyl alcohol 2.69
    2-ethylhexanol 2.25
    isooctanol 2.04
    dipropyl ether 1.04
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 1.44
    ethyl lactate 9.03
    propylene carbonate 22.36
    n-methylformamide 56.61
    2-pentanol 1.07
    n-pentane 0.08
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 15.62
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 8.36
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 19.62
    mesitylene 0.3
    ε-caprolactone 14.48
    p-cymene 1.0
    epichlorohydrin 9.51
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.6
    2-aminoethanol 224.11
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 63.47
    sulfolane 68.54
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.08
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 2.94
    n-hexyl acetate 3.35
    isooctane 0.04
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 22.43
    sec-butyl acetate 0.69
    tert-butyl acetate 0.92
    decalin 0.12
    glycerin 291.15
    diglyme 20.37
    acrylic acid 120.14
    isopropyl myristate 1.05
    n-butyric acid 24.25
    acetyl acetate 2.0
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 5.51
    ethyl propionate 1.65
    nitromethane 51.64
    1,2-diethoxyethane 1.46
    benzonitrile 1.74
    trioctyl phosphate 3.43
    1-bromopropane 0.41
    gamma-valerolactone 29.01
    n-decanol 1.5
    triethyl phosphate 4.25
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.45
    propionitrile 1.73
    vinylene carbonate 23.82
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 72.28
    DMS 6.39
    cumene 0.36
    2-octanol 1.21
    2-hexanone 0.5
    octyl acetate 2.17
    limonene 1.22
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 4.05
    ethyl orthosilicate 3.19
    tributyl phosphate 4.06
    diacetone alcohol 4.34
    N,N-dimethylaniline 1.43
    acrylonitrile 4.79
    aniline 1.98
    1,3-propanediol 84.88
    bromobenzene 0.35
    dibromomethane 1.41
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 2.67
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 5.32
    tetrabutyl urea 5.4
    diisobutyl methanol 0.87
    2-phenylethanol 5.51
    styrene 0.2
    dioctyl adipate 3.43
    dimethyl sulfate 12.58
    ethyl butyrate 2.81
    methyl lactate 22.02
    butyl lactate 9.86
    diethyl carbonate 3.02
    propanediol butyl ether 23.66
    triethyl orthoformate 3.16
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.97
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 10.04
    morpholine 10.82
    tert-butylamine 0.79
    n-dodecanol 1.05
    dimethoxymethane 4.86
    ethylene carbonate 12.52
    cyrene 37.31
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 4.24
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 2.4
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 2.43
    4-methylpyridine 1.43
    dibutyl ether 0.53
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.87
    DEF 3.52
    dimethyl isosorbide 34.93
    tetrachloroethylene 3.77
    eugenol 14.19
    triacetin 10.36
    span 80 21.91
    1,4-butanediol 13.36
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.42
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 0.64
    methyl formate 25.15
    2-methyl-1-butanol 2.3
    n-decane 0.1
    butyronitrile 1.04
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 1.56
    1-chlorooctane 0.4
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.19
    n-nonane 0.09
    undecane 0.08
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.12
    cyclooctane 0.07
    cyclopentanol 7.36
    tetrahydropyran 1.37
    tert-amyl methyl ether 0.53
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 19.59
    1-hexene 0.19
    2-isopropoxyethanol 4.18
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 153.41
    methyl butyrate 2.23

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction