Betalamic acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    18766-66-0

    Molecular formula
    C9H9NO5

    SMILES
    C\1[C@H](NC(=C/C1=C/C=O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O

    Safety labels

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 54.64%
    Caramellic 38.46%
    Sweet 34.95%
    Nutty 33.77%
    Burnt 33.43%
    Roasted 30.65%
    Buttery 22.35%
    Popcorn 21.6%
    Ethereal 21.15%
    Savory 21.11%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 47.12%
    Very mild 31.1%
    Bitter 30.65%
    Nutty 29.48%
    Yeast 21.04%
    Taco 20.58%
    Bread crust 20.48%
    Urine 20.17%
    Nitrile 20.15%
    Roasted peanuts 19.62%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -0.3

    pKa est.
    5.91 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    211.17 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    430°C

    Flash point

    • 259.61 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • Betalamic acid
    • 18766-66-0
    • (2S,4E)-4-(2-oxoethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
    • (2S,4E)-4-(2-oxoethylidene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
    • CHEBI:27483
    • DTXSID001317375
    • RefChem:917110
    • DTXCID101747191
    • (S-(E))-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-(oxoethylidene)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid
    • 2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-(oxoethylidene)-, (S-(E))-
    • (2S,4E)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-4-(2-oxoethylidene)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
    • (S)-betalamic acid
    • orb2563989
    • SCHEMBL2186623
    • CHEMBL2062984
    • HY-N12967
    • CS-1099498
    • C08538
    • Q27103157
    • (S,E)-4-(2-Oxoethylidene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
    • 18766-66-0

  • Applications

    Betalamic acid (CAS 18766-66-0) primarily serves as a key precursor in the chemical and biotechnological production of betalain pigments. It is used as the starting material to synthesize betalain dyes such as betanin and related pigments, which are employed as natural colorants in foods and beverages and as colorants in cosmetics and personal care products. In addition, it is evaluated as a dye precursor for coatings, inks, and polymer formulations, and is used in research on betalain biosynthesis and pigment production. Its use is subject to local regulations and formulation limits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 4.66
    methanol 19.43
    isopropanol 1.95
    water 22.56
    ethyl acetate 0.52
    n-propanol 2.13
    acetone 2.64
    n-butanol 1.34
    acetonitrile 0.65
    DMF 66.49
    toluene 0.66
    isobutanol 0.94
    1,4-dioxane 2.55
    methyl acetate 0.69
    THF 3.11
    2-butanone 1.44
    n-pentanol 0.84
    sec-butanol 1.22
    n-hexane 0.12
    ethylene glycol 20.85
    NMP 77.31
    cyclohexane 0.18
    DMSO 180.49
    n-butyl acetate 0.64
    n-octanol 0.85
    chloroform 0.06
    n-propyl acetate 0.3
    acetic acid 3.1
    dichloromethane 0.21
    cyclohexanone 2.89
    propylene glycol 8.2
    isopropyl acetate 0.4
    DMAc 66.8
    2-ethoxyethanol 10.78
    isopentanol 1.19
    n-heptane 0.29
    ethyl formate 1.18
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.4
    n-hexanol 1.37
    2-methoxyethanol 31.15
    isobutyl acetate 0.09
    tetrachloromethane 0.1
    n-pentyl acetate 0.53
    transcutol 10.27
    n-heptanol 1.42
    ethylbenzene 0.44
    MIBK 0.7
    2-propoxyethanol 7.66
    tert-butanol 2.4
    MTBE 0.45
    2-butoxyethanol 5.12
    propionic acid 1.96
    o-xylene 1.19
    formic acid 38.18
    diethyl ether 0.67
    m-xylene 0.74
    p-xylene 0.47
    chlorobenzene 0.15
    dimethyl carbonate 1.91
    n-octane 0.12
    formamide 48.35
    cyclopentanone 3.57
    2-pentanone 1.26
    anisole 0.81
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 1.49
    gamma-butyrolactone 4.74
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 12.86
    pyridine 2.25
    3-pentanone 1.14
    furfural 8.1
    n-dodecane 0.06
    diethylene glycol 18.99
    diisopropyl ether 0.23
    tert-amyl alcohol 1.81
    acetylacetone 2.08
    n-hexadecane 0.06
    acetophenone 1.58
    methyl propionate 1.47
    isopentyl acetate 0.48
    trichloroethylene 0.34
    n-nonanol 0.89
    cyclohexanol 1.45
    benzyl alcohol 1.82
    2-ethylhexanol 0.8
    isooctanol 0.85
    dipropyl ether 1.03
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.24
    ethyl lactate 1.61
    propylene carbonate 1.41
    n-methylformamide 20.53
    2-pentanol 0.79
    n-pentane 0.12
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 4.21
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 1.91
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 5.62
    mesitylene 0.54
    ε-caprolactone 2.57
    p-cymene 0.54
    epichlorohydrin 2.34
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.1
    2-aminoethanol 15.88
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 29.21
    sulfolane 24.27
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.05
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 1.28
    n-hexyl acetate 0.68
    isooctane 0.03
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 7.02
    sec-butyl acetate 0.18
    tert-butyl acetate 0.56
    decalin 0.08
    glycerin 28.16
    diglyme 10.09
    acrylic acid 3.63
    isopropyl myristate 0.34
    n-butyric acid 1.29
    acetyl acetate 0.4
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.96
    ethyl propionate 0.53
    nitromethane 5.59
    1,2-diethoxyethane 1.2
    benzonitrile 0.67
    trioctyl phosphate 0.73
    1-bromopropane 0.19
    gamma-valerolactone 10.7
    n-decanol 0.71
    triethyl phosphate 0.94
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.47
    propionitrile 0.55
    vinylene carbonate 1.42
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 7.31
    DMS 0.95
    cumene 0.32
    2-octanol 0.65
    2-hexanone 0.54
    octyl acetate 0.57
    limonene 0.68
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 7.08
    ethyl orthosilicate 0.8
    tributyl phosphate 0.6
    diacetone alcohol 3.26
    N,N-dimethylaniline 1.4
    acrylonitrile 1.25
    aniline 1.35
    1,3-propanediol 11.57
    bromobenzene 0.11
    dibromomethane 0.14
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.44
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 0.72
    tetrabutyl urea 1.79
    diisobutyl methanol 0.53
    2-phenylethanol 1.75
    styrene 0.35
    dioctyl adipate 0.73
    dimethyl sulfate 7.35
    ethyl butyrate 0.72
    methyl lactate 5.79
    butyl lactate 1.58
    diethyl carbonate 0.53
    propanediol butyl ether 5.05
    triethyl orthoformate 0.82
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.46
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 2.7
    morpholine 4.67
    tert-butylamine 0.76
    n-dodecanol 0.52
    dimethoxymethane 11.4
    ethylene carbonate 0.97
    cyrene 9.8
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 1.08
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.39
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.35
    4-methylpyridine 2.05
    dibutyl ether 0.4
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.53
    DEF 5.99
    dimethyl isosorbide 6.84
    tetrachloroethylene 0.57
    eugenol 3.54
    triacetin 1.28
    span 80 3.59
    1,4-butanediol 4.77
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.1
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 0.74
    methyl formate 9.71
    2-methyl-1-butanol 1.04
    n-decane 0.11
    butyronitrile 0.49
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 0.57
    1-chlorooctane 0.21
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.1
    n-nonane 0.11
    undecane 0.08
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.05
    cyclooctane 0.14
    cyclopentanol 1.64
    tetrahydropyran 0.87
    tert-amyl methyl ether 0.68
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 9.37
    1-hexene 0.25
    2-isopropoxyethanol 3.43
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 3.37
    methyl butyrate 0.72

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction