Beta-Carboline

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    244-63-3

    Molecular formula
    C11H8N2

    SMILES
    C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=C(N2)C=NC=C3

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Fruity 58.4%
    Floral 50.86%
    Animal 44.22%
    Burnt 40.48%
    Cheesy 34.99%
    Musty 32.21%
    Pungent 29.42%
    Earthy 27.19%
    Grape 27.11%
    Roasted 24.29%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 85.63%
    Animal 27.58%
    Fecal 24.35%
    Very strong 23.86%
    Indole 23.46%
    Moth ball 22.69%
    Naphthelene 21.84%
    Cereal 21.04%
    Mothball 20.62%
    Nitrile 19.58%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    3.2

    pKa est.
    5.67 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    168.19 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    393°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 199 °C

    Flash point

    • 192.42 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • >25.2 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4)

  • Synonyms

    • 9H-Pyrido[3,4-B]indole
    • Norharman
    • 244-63-3
    • Norharmane
    • beta-Carboline
    • Carbazoline
    • 2,9-Diazafluorene
    • 2-Azacarbazole
    • 9H-Pyrido(3,4-B)indole
    • 94HMA1I78O
    • DTXSID2021070
    • CHEBI:109895
    • NSC-84417
    • DTXCID201070
    • norhormane
    • RefChem:854730
    • 2-hydroxy-1,3,5,6,11,11b-hexahydroindolizino(8,7-b)indole-2-carboxylic acid
    • 205-959-0
    • 9H-Beta-carboline
    • 2H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole
    • Nor Harmane
    • .beta.-Carboline
    • MFCD00004956
    • 244-66-6
    • 244-63-3 (Free base).
    • MLS000069651
    • CHEMBL275224
    • SMR000058207
    • Carbazoline (VAN)
    • CCRIS 6915
    • SR-01000000213
    • EINECS 205-959-0
    • NSC 84417
    • BRN 0128414
    • UNII-94HMA1I78O
    • 2-Carboline;
    • NRH
    • Prestwick_363
    • Norharmane, 98%
    • Norharman, free base
    • 2,9-Diazafluorene;
    • Norharmane (Standard)
    • 9H-Beta-carboline #
    • Norharman - free base
    • Norharmane, crystalline
    • Kinome_3628
    • Spectrum_001132
    • 9H-I(2)-Carboline
    • beta-carboline norharman
    • Opera_ID_1385
    • Spectrum2_000588
    • Spectrum3_000741
    • Spectrum4_001915
    • Spectrum5_000630
    • Epitope ID:140123
    • NCIOpen2_001217
    • SCHEMBL25834
    • SCHEMBL61706
    • BSPBio_002322
    • KBioGR_002537
    • KBioSS_001612
    • 5-23-08-00220 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • cid_64961
    • MLS001148623
    • SCHEMBL193947
    • SCHEMBL496406
    • SCHEMBL496444
    • SCHEMBL496616
    • SCHEMBL496747
    • SCHEMBL496951
    • SPBio_000436
    • GTPL8222
    • SCHEMBL1666365
    • SCHEMBL1844840
    • SCHEMBL5929072
    • SCHEMBL29370219
    • KBio2_001612
    • KBio2_004180
    • KBio2_006748
    • KBio3_001542
    • WLN: T B656 EN HMJ
    • HMS2233G10
    • HMS3369E13
    • HMS6018K21
    • HY-W008566R
    • MSK10742
    • NSC84417
    • Tox21_200083
    • BDBM50013811
    • CCG-38511
    • STL562246
    • Norharmane (9H-pyrido(3,4-b)indole
    • AKOS015969732
    • CS-W008566
    • EBC-440089
    • FN26409
    • HY-W008566
    • SDCCGMLS-0003278.P003
    • SMP2_000349
    • NCGC00018245-01
    • NCGC00018245-02
    • NCGC00018245-03
    • NCGC00018245-04
    • NCGC00018245-05
    • NCGC00018245-06
    • NCGC00021302-03
    • NCGC00021302-04
    • NCGC00257637-01
    • CAS-244-63-3
    • DS-10932
    • SY050760
    • XN175452
    • DB-046456
    • NS00010572
    • P1121
    • ST50307983
    • VU0239493-6
    • C20157
    • N-8700
    • F230515
    • Q414226
    • SR-01000000213-3
    • SR-01000000213-4
    • BRD-K47467075-001-02-7
    • BRD-K47467075-001-03-5
    • BRD-K47467075-001-13-4
    • 9H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole;b-Carboline;2,9-Diazafluorene
    • 244-63-3

  • Applications

    Beta-Carboline (CAS 244-63-3) is a fused heterocyclic compound that serves primarily as an intermediate and core scaffold in pharmaceutical synthesis, supporting the development of beta-carboline alkaloids and related synthetic routes in medicinal chemistry; it is also used as a building block and repository for chemical libraries in research. In chemical industry, beta-carboline may function as a ligand in coordination chemistry and catalysis, supporting metal-catalyzed processes. Some beta-carboline derivatives are studied for optical and luminescent material applications in organic electronics, as well as serving as precursors for dye/pigment chemistry used in coatings and inks. These applications reflect beta-carboline's role as an intermediate, scaffold, and platform for research and industrial use, subject to local regulations and formulation limits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 24.45
    methanol 25.55
    isopropanol 19.52
    water 0.48
    ethyl acetate 36.66
    n-propanol 23.89
    acetone 64.39
    n-butanol 21.8
    acetonitrile 21.37
    DMF 170.12
    toluene 13.99
    isobutanol 20.07
    1,4-dioxane 50.7
    methyl acetate 34.96
    THF 103.62
    2-butanone 45.44
    n-pentanol 25.03
    sec-butanol 17.12
    n-hexane 2.69
    ethylene glycol 14.18
    NMP 101.13
    cyclohexane 2.57
    DMSO 156.64
    n-butyl acetate 31.71
    n-octanol 21.27
    chloroform 55.81
    n-propyl acetate 32.89
    acetic acid 30.02
    dichloromethane 88.85
    cyclohexanone 63.16
    propylene glycol 10.04
    isopropyl acetate 26.01
    DMAc 106.97
    2-ethoxyethanol 44.55
    isopentanol 21.27
    n-heptane 6.66
    ethyl formate 36.22
    1,2-dichloroethane 61.58
    n-hexanol 31.67
    2-methoxyethanol 56.1
    isobutyl acetate 24.67
    tetrachloromethane 11.08
    n-pentyl acetate 32.44
    transcutol 78.34
    n-heptanol 26.77
    ethylbenzene 13.98
    MIBK 29.97
    2-propoxyethanol 53.12
    tert-butanol 22.11
    MTBE 16.0
    2-butoxyethanol 42.04
    propionic acid 24.38
    o-xylene 13.95
    formic acid 12.57
    diethyl ether 24.9
    m-xylene 15.87
    p-xylene 19.24
    chlorobenzene 25.06
    dimethyl carbonate 33.14
    n-octane 3.88
    formamide 29.32
    cyclopentanone 93.06
    2-pentanone 42.24
    anisole 26.07
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 41.72
    gamma-butyrolactone 98.96
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 43.48
    pyridine 50.83
    3-pentanone 35.8
    furfural 76.56
    n-dodecane 3.33
    diethylene glycol 43.77
    diisopropyl ether 10.29
    tert-amyl alcohol 17.57
    acetylacetone 51.95
    n-hexadecane 3.66
    acetophenone 35.57
    methyl propionate 41.8
    isopentyl acetate 28.86
    trichloroethylene 87.01
    n-nonanol 21.43
    cyclohexanol 19.52
    benzyl alcohol 28.24
    2-ethylhexanol 24.14
    isooctanol 22.72
    dipropyl ether 30.15
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 27.55
    ethyl lactate 23.29
    propylene carbonate 50.93
    n-methylformamide 56.94
    2-pentanol 15.69
    n-pentane 2.71
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 36.66
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 36.49
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 34.51
    mesitylene 11.54
    ε-caprolactone 51.79
    p-cymene 15.43
    epichlorohydrin 96.33
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 32.13
    2-aminoethanol 17.88
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 91.23
    sulfolane 116.82
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 1.99
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 50.53
    n-hexyl acetate 33.84
    isooctane 2.18
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 45.69
    sec-butyl acetate 20.96
    tert-butyl acetate 24.75
    decalin 3.54
    glycerin 20.67
    diglyme 84.15
    acrylic acid 24.93
    isopropyl myristate 17.7
    n-butyric acid 32.54
    acetyl acetate 25.7
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 20.17
    ethyl propionate 30.77
    nitromethane 60.24
    1,2-diethoxyethane 42.4
    benzonitrile 31.39
    trioctyl phosphate 17.29
    1-bromopropane 27.43
    gamma-valerolactone 92.71
    n-decanol 18.21
    triethyl phosphate 19.94
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 13.62
    propionitrile 27.14
    vinylene carbonate 48.75
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 47.96
    DMS 30.81
    cumene 13.41
    2-octanol 18.71
    2-hexanone 36.54
    octyl acetate 22.67
    limonene 18.01
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 77.41
    ethyl orthosilicate 18.5
    tributyl phosphate 17.56
    diacetone alcohol 33.25
    N,N-dimethylaniline 27.27
    acrylonitrile 34.59
    aniline 21.92
    1,3-propanediol 24.08
    bromobenzene 24.07
    dibromomethane 47.33
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 57.59
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 26.21
    tetrabutyl urea 28.3
    diisobutyl methanol 15.86
    2-phenylethanol 32.25
    styrene 14.61
    dioctyl adipate 24.67
    dimethyl sulfate 53.57
    ethyl butyrate 31.3
    methyl lactate 25.68
    butyl lactate 26.94
    diethyl carbonate 22.6
    propanediol butyl ether 27.82
    triethyl orthoformate 23.46
    p-tert-butyltoluene 13.98
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 34.63
    morpholine 47.77
    tert-butylamine 14.18
    n-dodecanol 15.26
    dimethoxymethane 89.3
    ethylene carbonate 40.59
    cyrene 43.33
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 41.4
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 24.08
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 30.73
    4-methylpyridine 40.42
    dibutyl ether 23.23
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 15.86
    DEF 55.47
    dimethyl isosorbide 57.31
    tetrachloroethylene 44.16
    eugenol 38.55
    triacetin 34.55
    span 80 28.97
    1,4-butanediol 18.27
    1,1-dichloroethane 37.03
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 23.04
    methyl formate 52.73
    2-methyl-1-butanol 18.91
    n-decane 4.6
    butyronitrile 26.09
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 17.76
    1-chlorooctane 15.25
    1-chlorotetradecane 8.06
    n-nonane 4.16
    undecane 3.86
    tert-butylcyclohexane 3.62
    cyclooctane 1.77
    cyclopentanol 28.21
    tetrahydropyran 37.68
    tert-amyl methyl ether 15.73
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 61.48
    1-hexene 10.5
    2-isopropoxyethanol 36.48
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 19.63
    methyl butyrate 39.67

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction