Benzilic acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    76-93-7

    Molecular formula
    C14H12O3

    SMILES
    C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C(=O)O)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Sweet 62.79%
    Balsamic 55.98%
    Honey 49.44%
    Green 38.46%
    Floral 38.0%
    Rose 36.06%
    Powdery 36.0%
    Spicy 35.66%
    Phenolic 31.38%
    Vanilla 31.07%

     

    Flavor
    Sweet 36.7%
    Odorless 36.39%
    Bitter 33.13%
    Mild 30.46%
    Balsam 30.16%
    Fruity 29.48%
    Honey 27.9%
    Rose 22.82%
    Balsamic 21.82%
    Faint 21.72%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    2.3

    pKa est.
    6.34 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    228.24 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 150 °C

    Boiling point

    • 180 °C

    Flash point

    • 196.3 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • Very soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether; soluble concentrated sulfuric acid; slightly soluble in acetone
    • In water, 1.41X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C

  • Synonyms

    • BENZILIC ACID
    • 76-93-7
    • Diphenylglycolic acid
    • 2-Hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetic acid
    • Benzylic acid
    • Diphenylhydroxyacetic acid
    • Hydroxydiphenylacetic acid
    • Glycolic acid, diphenyl-
    • Acide diphenylhydroxyacetique
    • Benzilsaeure
    • 2,2-Diphenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid
    • alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-phenylbenzeneacetic acid
    • alpha-Hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetic acid
    • NSC 2830
    • Mandelic acid, alpha-phenyl-
    • alpha-phenylmandelic acid
    • alpha,alpha-Diphenylglycolic acid
    • EINECS 200-993-2
    • UNII-8F6J993XXR
    • Acide diphenylhydroxyacetique [French]
    • BRN 0521402
    • 8F6J993XXR
    • Mandelic acid, .alpha.-phenyl-
    • Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-.alpha.-phenyl-
    • AI3-06300
    • HSDB 7709
    • NSC-2830
    • Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-hydroxy-alpha-phenyl-
    • .alpha.,.alpha.-Diphenylglycolic acid
    • BENZILIC ACID [MI]
    • .alpha.-Hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetic acid
    • BENZILIC ACID [HSDB]
    • alpha,alpha-Diphenyl-alpha-hydroxyacetic acid
    • DTXSID0058805
    • CHEBI:39414
    • .alpha.-Hydroxydiphenylacetic acid
    • .alpha.-Hydroxy-.alpha.-phenylbenzeneacetic acid
    • 4-10-00-01256 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • .alpha.,.alpha.-Diphenyl-.alpha.-hydroxyacetic acid
    • TROSPIUM CHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
    • ACIDE DIPHENYLHYDROXYACETIQUE (FRENCH)
    • TROSPIUM CHLORIDE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY)
    • Hydroxydiphenyl acetic acid
    • Glycolic acid, diphenyl
    • RefChem:118136
    • Mandelic acid, alphaphenyl
    • BENZILIC ACID [INCI]
    • 2,2Diphenyl2hydroxyacetic acid
    • alpha-Hydroxydiphenylacetic acid
    • alphaalpha Diphenylglycolic acid
    • DTXCID9047837
    • alphaHydroxy2,2diphenylacetic acid
    • ALPHA-ALPHA-DIPHENYLGLYCOLIC ACID
    • alphaHydroxyalphaphenylbenzeneacetic acid
    • alphaHydroxyalphaphenyl benzeneacetic acid
    • Benzeneacetic acid, alphahydroxyalphaphenyl
    • ALPHA-HYDROXY-ALPHA-PHENYL BENZENEACETIC ACID
    • DIPHENYL-HYDROXY-ACETIC ACID (BENZILIC ACID)
    • 200-993-2
    • InChI=1/C14H12O3/c15-13(16)14(17,11-7-3-1-4-8-11)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10,17H,(H,15,16
    • UKXSKSHDVLQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    • hydroxy(diphenyl)acetic acid
    • MFCD00004447
    • 2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenyl-acetic acid
    • Benzillic acid
    • 4hnc
    • Trospium impurity A CRS
    • Benzilic acid, >=99%
    • SCHEMBL7066
    • Hydroxydi(phenyl)acetic acid
    • Oprea1_231381
    • SCHEMBL72162
    • CHEMBL578171
    • SCHEMBL11243452
    • SCHEMBL28975532
    • BDBM81768
    • NSC2830
    • BB_SC-00097
    • BBL013081
    • ICCB1_000122
    • SBB003299
    • STK315343
    • AKOS000120948
    • MSK70026-100W
    • FB38835
    • MSK70026-1000W
    • NSC_5311391
    • NCGC00165988-01
    • AC-13764
    • VS-03659
    • alpha-phenyl-alpha-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
    • CAS_6581-06-2
    • Benzilic acid Solution in Water, 100ug/mL
    • B0052
    • NS00037863
    • ST45138014
    • Benzilic acid Solution in Water, 1000ug/mL
    • A838905
    • Q411740
    • SR-01000400770
    • SR-01000400770-1
    • DIPHENYL-HYDROXY-ACETIC ACID (BENZILIC ACID)
    • Trospium impurity A, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
    • 0UT
    • 76-93-7

  • Applications

    Benzilic acid (CAS 76-93-7) is primarily used as an organic synthesis intermediate, serving as a starting material to access alpha-hydroxy diaryl acetic acids and related derivatives via the benzilic acid rearrangement and subsequent transformations. It also acts as a building block in sequences that prepare diaryl glycolic acid-type compounds, supporting pharmaceutical and fine chemical manufacturing. In industry, it is regarded as a useful precursor for aromatic intermediates and related derivatives used in research and development. In addition, it may be evaluated for applications in fragrance and cosmetics and in polymer/coatings chemistry, where diaryl-substituted hydroxy acid frameworks are transformed into specialty products, subject to formulation requirements and regulatory limits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 42.42
    methanol 51.05
    isopropanol 26.64
    water 0.23
    ethyl acetate 17.87
    n-propanol 31.67
    acetone 49.53
    n-butanol 23.75
    acetonitrile 18.55
    DMF 413.95
    toluene 14.1
    isobutanol 18.19
    1,4-dioxane 64.59
    methyl acetate 29.65
    THF 154.89
    2-butanone 47.58
    n-pentanol 20.56
    sec-butanol 22.68
    n-hexane 1.87
    ethylene glycol 18.41
    NMP 175.51
    cyclohexane 3.34
    DMSO 170.85
    n-butyl acetate 17.45
    n-octanol 29.04
    chloroform 31.8
    n-propyl acetate 14.25
    acetic acid 22.31
    dichloromethane 29.77
    cyclohexanone 72.8
    propylene glycol 15.97
    isopropyl acetate 15.9
    DMAc 245.74
    2-ethoxyethanol 38.6
    isopentanol 19.67
    n-heptane 3.83
    ethyl formate 19.3
    1,2-dichloroethane 42.93
    n-hexanol 32.01
    2-methoxyethanol 79.77
    isobutyl acetate 8.56
    tetrachloromethane 4.33
    n-pentyl acetate 25.63
    transcutol 60.31
    n-heptanol 34.21
    ethylbenzene 13.63
    MIBK 24.29
    2-propoxyethanol 50.42
    tert-butanol 36.77
    MTBE 25.52
    2-butoxyethanol 48.44
    propionic acid 21.85
    o-xylene 15.93
    formic acid 15.85
    diethyl ether 24.92
    m-xylene 14.19
    p-xylene 12.66
    chlorobenzene 17.3
    dimethyl carbonate 27.99
    n-octane 3.86
    formamide 54.88
    cyclopentanone 119.7
    2-pentanone 34.7
    anisole 25.69
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 36.97
    gamma-butyrolactone 100.29
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 55.38
    pyridine 56.75
    3-pentanone 29.92
    furfural 62.2
    n-dodecane 3.02
    diethylene glycol 42.42
    diisopropyl ether 8.05
    tert-amyl alcohol 30.84
    acetylacetone 40.69
    n-hexadecane 3.44
    acetophenone 30.7
    methyl propionate 28.62
    isopentyl acetate 17.26
    trichloroethylene 63.25
    n-nonanol 27.43
    cyclohexanol 22.86
    benzyl alcohol 26.51
    2-ethylhexanol 18.25
    isooctanol 25.43
    dipropyl ether 17.18
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 19.44
    ethyl lactate 15.6
    propylene carbonate 35.46
    n-methylformamide 88.31
    2-pentanol 16.7
    n-pentane 2.17
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 33.81
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 28.66
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 30.49
    mesitylene 11.0
    ε-caprolactone 47.49
    p-cymene 11.83
    epichlorohydrin 94.19
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 16.46
    2-aminoethanol 31.21
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 105.05
    sulfolane 141.28
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2.22
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 52.63
    n-hexyl acetate 31.54
    isooctane 1.82
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 43.98
    sec-butyl acetate 10.59
    tert-butyl acetate 22.32
    decalin 3.2
    glycerin 29.71
    diglyme 80.9
    acrylic acid 22.67
    isopropyl myristate 13.89
    n-butyric acid 22.92
    acetyl acetate 11.93
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 14.58
    ethyl propionate 14.7
    nitromethane 50.19
    1,2-diethoxyethane 26.43
    benzonitrile 23.75
    trioctyl phosphate 13.34
    1-bromopropane 16.36
    gamma-valerolactone 104.88
    n-decanol 20.46
    triethyl phosphate 11.12
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 13.06
    propionitrile 24.59
    vinylene carbonate 31.99
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 58.98
    DMS 24.09
    cumene 10.66
    2-octanol 23.48
    2-hexanone 23.71
    octyl acetate 19.01
    limonene 15.51
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 71.93
    ethyl orthosilicate 11.21
    tributyl phosphate 11.01
    diacetone alcohol 40.54
    N,N-dimethylaniline 26.08
    acrylonitrile 38.0
    aniline 22.07
    1,3-propanediol 35.83
    bromobenzene 13.94
    dibromomethane 20.14
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 61.13
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 16.71
    tetrabutyl urea 23.34
    diisobutyl methanol 12.1
    2-phenylethanol 30.77
    styrene 13.52
    dioctyl adipate 18.69
    dimethyl sulfate 52.2
    ethyl butyrate 14.35
    methyl lactate 31.67
    butyl lactate 21.92
    diethyl carbonate 9.97
    propanediol butyl ether 33.18
    triethyl orthoformate 13.08
    p-tert-butyltoluene 11.91
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 40.02
    morpholine 78.08
    tert-butylamine 20.16
    n-dodecanol 15.28
    dimethoxymethane 103.91
    ethylene carbonate 24.62
    cyrene 42.37
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 28.67
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 14.25
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 21.88
    4-methylpyridine 37.66
    dibutyl ether 17.88
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 12.1
    DEF 64.16
    dimethyl isosorbide 51.95
    tetrachloroethylene 39.5
    eugenol 38.4
    triacetin 23.95
    span 80 28.87
    1,4-butanediol 15.92
    1,1-dichloroethane 20.22
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 19.1
    methyl formate 50.18
    2-methyl-1-butanol 19.49
    n-decane 5.2
    butyronitrile 19.66
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 17.04
    1-chlorooctane 17.49
    1-chlorotetradecane 7.26
    n-nonane 4.64
    undecane 3.85
    tert-butylcyclohexane 2.8
    cyclooctane 1.88
    cyclopentanol 31.2
    tetrahydropyran 45.61
    tert-amyl methyl ether 24.31
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 58.77
    1-hexene 7.97
    2-isopropoxyethanol 26.34
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 11.7
    methyl butyrate 21.16

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction