Ammonium Hydroxide

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    1336-21-6

    Molecular formula
    H5NO

    SMILES
    [NH4+].[OH-]

    Safety labels

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

    Environmental Hazard
    Environmental

  • Odor profile

    Odor impact est.
    Odorless

    Odor threshold

    • Odor Threshold Low: 50.0 [ppm]. [HSDB] Odor threshold from CHRIS

  • Properties

    pKa est.
    10.68 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    35.046 g/mol

    Melting point expt.

    • -58 °C (25%)

    Boiling point

    • 38 °C (25%)

    Flash point

    • 14.98 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • Exists only in solution
    • Solubility in water: miscible

  • Synonyms

    • ammonium hydroxide
    • 1336-21-6
    • Ammonia water
    • Ammonia aqueous
    • Aquammonia
    • Ammonia, aqua
    • Household ammonia
    • Ammonia, monohydrate
    • Ammonia water 29%
    • Ammonium hydroxide ((NH4)(OH))
    • NH4OH
    • SX 1 (ammonia water)
    • DTXSID4020080
    • CHEBI:18219
    • Hydroxide, Ammonium
    • RefChem:6613
    • DTXCID8080
    • 921-933-8
    • Ammonium hydrate
    • Ammoniumhydroxid
    • ammoniumhydroxide
    • MFCD00066650
    • Caswell No. 044
    • Ammonia, aqueous
    • SX 1
    • Ammonia water [JAN]
    • HSDB 5125
    • EINECS 215-647-6
    • UN2672
    • UN3318
    • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 005301
    • ammoniaque
    • ammonia hydrate
    • water ammonia
    • ammonium hydoxide
    • ammonium hydroxid
    • ammonium hyroxide
    • amonium hydroxide
    • agua de amoniaco
    • ammonium hydorxide
    • amrnonium hydroxide
    • hidroxido de amonio
    • NH3 water
    • water NH3
    • hydroxyde d'ammonium
    • UN2073
    • Ammonium aqueous (28% or less NH3)
    • AMINE HYDRATE
    • Ammonia solution 25%
    • Ammonium hydroxide (28% or less ammonia)
    • Ammonia water (JP18)
    • EC 215-647-6
    • NH3 H2O
    • NH3-H2O
    • NH3.H2O
    • Ammonium hydroxide, 25% NH3
    • Ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) 28% by weight or more NH3
    • AKOS015903971
    • AKOS030228272
    • E527
    • NS00075653
    • C01358
    • D04594
    • USP Solution Ammonia (Ammonium Hydroxide) TS Conforms to USP
    • Ammonia Water; Ammonia, Aqua; Ammonia, Monohydrate; Aqua AmmoniaSX 1; SX 1 (Ammonia Water);
    • 1336-21-6

  • Applications

    Ammonium Hydroxide (CAS 1336-21-6) is widely used as an alkaline solution across industries, notably for pH adjustment and neutralization in chemical manufacturing and wastewater treatment; in electronics manufacturing it is used for cleaning and as part of base-based processing steps; in coatings, inks, and polymer production it functions as a base to adjust formulation pH; it serves as a cleaning and degreasing agent in household and commercial cleaners; in agriculture it provides a source of ammonium for nutrient solutions and fertilizer formulations; and in pharmaceutical and industrial synthesis it acts as a reagent/base for base-mediated reactions.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 78.83
    methanol 170.09
    isopropanol 42.78
    water 92.53
    ethyl acetate 6.03
    n-propanol 51.16
    acetone 12.42
    n-butanol 34.65
    acetonitrile 11.88
    DMF 93.55
    toluene 0.99
    isobutanol 29.79
    1,4-dioxane 18.74
    methyl acetate 10.0
    THF 33.44
    2-butanone 8.76
    n-pentanol 16.87
    sec-butanol 31.92
    n-hexane 1.43
    ethylene glycol 114.83
    NMP 74.47
    cyclohexane 1.06
    DMSO 67.67
    n-butyl acetate 5.8
    n-octanol 7.19
    chloroform 13.47
    n-propyl acetate 3.27
    acetic acid 118.6
    dichloromethane 10.42
    cyclohexanone 13.58
    propylene glycol 98.01
    isopropyl acetate 2.88
    DMAc 53.16
    2-ethoxyethanol 29.41
    isopentanol 17.44
    n-heptane 1.25
    ethyl formate 16.65
    1,2-dichloroethane 5.63
    n-hexanol 17.76
    2-methoxyethanol 84.03
    isobutyl acetate 2.03
    tetrachloromethane 4.51
    n-pentyl acetate 4.9
    transcutol 21.53
    n-heptanol 10.78
    ethylbenzene 0.68
    MIBK 2.57
    2-propoxyethanol 32.06
    tert-butanol 31.62
    MTBE 6.94
    2-butoxyethanol 22.0
    propionic acid 61.45
    o-xylene 1.26
    formic acid 175.99
    diethyl ether 5.55
    m-xylene 0.98
    p-xylene 1.08
    chlorobenzene 2.56
    dimethyl carbonate 5.07
    n-octane 0.53
    formamide 102.28
    cyclopentanone 25.22
    2-pentanone 5.54
    anisole 2.17
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 8.8
    gamma-butyrolactone 43.23
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 42.71
    pyridine 11.29
    3-pentanone 4.35
    furfural 35.16
    n-dodecane 0.35
    diethylene glycol 39.58
    diisopropyl ether 1.19
    tert-amyl alcohol 26.93
    acetylacetone 4.43
    n-hexadecane 0.36
    acetophenone 2.94
    methyl propionate 8.93
    isopentyl acetate 4.82
    trichloroethylene 9.43
    n-nonanol 5.94
    cyclohexanol 17.97
    benzyl alcohol 6.05
    2-ethylhexanol 6.52
    isooctanol 6.75
    dipropyl ether 4.13
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 2.73
    ethyl lactate 7.2
    propylene carbonate 19.55
    n-methylformamide 71.49
    2-pentanol 14.57
    n-pentane 1.57
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 19.73
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 6.16
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 10.61
    mesitylene 0.72
    ε-caprolactone 15.65
    p-cymene 1.25
    epichlorohydrin 18.73
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 3.9
    2-aminoethanol 123.64
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 44.22
    sulfolane 56.74
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.93
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 17.24
    n-hexyl acetate 6.19
    isooctane 0.45
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 15.79
    sec-butyl acetate 1.8
    tert-butyl acetate 2.88
    decalin 0.5
    glycerin 121.02
    diglyme 20.14
    acrylic acid 68.39
    isopropyl myristate 2.02
    n-butyric acid 42.88
    acetyl acetate 3.68
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 4.82
    ethyl propionate 3.29
    nitromethane 53.99
    1,2-diethoxyethane 4.35
    benzonitrile 5.07
    trioctyl phosphate 4.2
    1-bromopropane 4.09
    gamma-valerolactone 34.97
    n-decanol 4.29
    triethyl phosphate 3.36
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 5.53
    propionitrile 11.05
    vinylene carbonate 17.68
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 42.0
    DMS 4.89
    cumene 0.77
    2-octanol 5.85
    2-hexanone 3.21
    octyl acetate 3.66
    limonene 1.94
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 21.18
    ethyl orthosilicate 3.25
    tributyl phosphate 4.04
    diacetone alcohol 9.09
    N,N-dimethylaniline 2.63
    acrylonitrile 16.85
    aniline 7.53
    1,3-propanediol 86.53
    bromobenzene 1.54
    dibromomethane 6.44
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 10.67
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 3.5
    tetrabutyl urea 5.54
    diisobutyl methanol 2.81
    2-phenylethanol 6.71
    styrene 0.8
    dioctyl adipate 3.49
    dimethyl sulfate 11.41
    ethyl butyrate 3.59
    methyl lactate 18.5
    butyl lactate 9.22
    diethyl carbonate 2.92
    propanediol butyl ether 22.04
    triethyl orthoformate 3.89
    p-tert-butyltoluene 1.33
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 6.58
    morpholine 33.31
    tert-butylamine 15.74
    n-dodecanol 3.15
    dimethoxymethane 19.32
    ethylene carbonate 13.8
    cyrene 12.29
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 5.41
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 3.8
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 3.85
    4-methylpyridine 8.29
    dibutyl ether 2.65
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 2.81
    DEF 15.02
    dimethyl isosorbide 12.39
    tetrachloroethylene 10.11
    eugenol 9.51
    triacetin 5.1
    span 80 14.73
    1,4-butanediol 34.82
    1,1-dichloroethane 4.95
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 9.6
    methyl formate 37.85
    2-methyl-1-butanol 21.59
    n-decane 0.55
    butyronitrile 11.26
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 4.62
    1-chlorooctane 1.68
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.74
    n-nonane 0.56
    undecane 0.42
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.58
    cyclooctane 0.42
    cyclopentanol 35.52
    tetrahydropyran 12.35
    tert-amyl methyl ether 6.35
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 14.56
    1-hexene 2.82
    2-isopropoxyethanol 12.87
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 47.79
    methyl butyrate 5.7

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction