Ammonia

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    7664-41-7

    Molecular formula
    H3N

    SMILES
    N

    Safety labels

    Compressed Gas
    Compressed Gas

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

    Environmental Hazard
    Environmental

  • Odor profile

    Odor impact est.
    Low

    Odor threshold

    • Odor Threshold Low: 0.04 [ppm]. Odor Threshold High: 53.0 [ppm]. Detection odor threshold from AIHA (mean = 17 ppm)
    • Water: 1.5 mg/L; air: 5.2 uL/L; odor safety class C; C = < 50% of distracted persons perceive warning of TLV.
    • Odor recognition of pure ammonia in air is 4.68 x 10+1 ppm.
    • Sharp, cloying, repellent; low threshold = 0.0266 mg/cu m; high threshold = 39.60 mg/cu m; irritating concn = 72.00 mg/cu m.
    • Low threshold = 0.0266 mg/cu m; High threshold = 39.6 mg/cu m; Irritating concentration = 72 mg/cu m.

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -0.7

    pKa est.
    6.43 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    17.031 g/mol

    Melting point expt.

    • -107.9 °F (EPA, 1998)
    • -77.7
    • -77.7 °C
    • -78 °C
    • -107.9 °F
    • -108 °F

    Boiling point

    • -28.03 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)
    • -33.4
    • -33.35 °C at 760 mm Hg
    • -33 °C
    • -28 °F

    Flash point

    • 20.17 ˚C est.
    • 132 °C (270 °F) - closed cup
    • NA (Gas)

    Solubility expt.

    • 34 % (NIOSH, 2024)
    • In water, 4.82X10+5 mg/L at 24 °C
    • In water, 47% at 0 °C; 38% at 15 °C; 34% at 20 °C; 31% at 25 °C; 28% at 30 °C; 18% at 50 °C
    • Soluble in water forming alkaline solutions; soluble in oxygenated solvents.
    • 15% in 95% alcohol at 20 °C; 11% in alcohol at 30 °C
    • For more Solubility (Complete) data for Ammonia (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
    • 482 mg/mL at 24 °C
    • Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 54
    • 34%

  • Synonyms

    • ammonia
    • azane
    • 7664-41-7
    • Ammonia gas
    • Nitro-sil
    • Ammonia anhydrous
    • Ammonia, anhydrous
    • Anhydrous ammonia
    • Ammoniak
    • Liquid Ammonia
    • AM-Fol
    • ammoniac
    • Aqueous ammonia
    • Refrigerent R717
    • amoniaco
    • Ammoniaca
    • Amoniak
    • R 717
    • R 717 (ammonia)
    • Aqua ammonia
    • Ammonia inhalant
    • Ammonium causticum
    • DTXSID0023872
    • 5138Q19F1X
    • CHEBI:16134
    • Ammonia (anhydrous)
    • Inhalant
    • Smelling Salts
    • Smelling Salt
    • Ammonia Pad
    • Ammonia Inhalants
    • AmmoniaSport RAW
    • Ammonia 2%
    • VYV Smelling Salts
    • WXMX Smelling Salts
    • Summit Smelling Salts
    • AmmoniaSport SQUEEZE
    • Ammonia (29%)
    • GO TIME
    • RefChem:6611
    • ANTYZE Smelling Salts
    • Shock-X Ammonia Inhalant
    • Bighero SMELLING SALTS
    • Gluvelop SMELLING SALTS
    • Ammonia 15% Smelling Salts
    • BOTASUN SMELLING SALTS
    • Humco Aromatic Ammonia Spirit
    • SYLVIRENE SMELLING SALTS
    • DTXCID803872
    • CHEBI:35107
    • First Aid Only Ammonia Inhalants
    • Quality Choice Aromatic Ammonia Spirit
    • ALLBIZ SEALED ONI SMELLING SALTS
    • CVS Health First Aid Outdoor Prep-Pack
    • R717
    • Physician EZ Use Joint Tunnel and Trigger Kit
    • Model AA-1218 Model AA-1218M Model Z-25-020-03
    • 231-635-3
    • 913-720-3
    • 921-643-1
    • Model MT2020-777 Model S6-01-0005-306 Model 011798 Model 011798-1494 Model 70004-00
    • Ammoniakgas
    • Ammoniak Kconzentrierter
    • Amoniak [Polish]
    • Ammoniac [French]
    • Ammoniak [German]
    • Ammoniaca [Italian]
    • Caswell No. 041
    • Ammonia (conc 20% or greater)
    • CCRIS 2278
    • HSDB 162
    • NH3
    • UN1005
    • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 005302
    • Ammonia, 7M in methanol
    • MFCD00011418
    • Ammonia; Ammonia solution concentrated
    • NH3 as N: 1000microg/mL in H20
    • Ammonia Standard: NH3 @ 10 microg/mL in H2O
    • Ammonia Standard: NH3 @ 100 microg/mL in H2O
    • Ammonia Standard: NH3 @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O
    • Ammonia Standard: NH3 @ 10000 microg/mL in H2O
    • EINECS 231-635-3
    • an arylamine
    • tertiaeres Amin
    • ammonia ca
    • Ammonia liquor
    • primaeres Amin
    • Ammonia,aromatic
    • sekundaeres Amin
    • primary arylamine
    • UNII-5138Q19F1X
    • anyhydrous ammonia
    • CONTEST Group D
    • 10 - Nutrients
    • Ammonia, dilute R1
    • Ammonia, dilute R2
    • 37 - Ammonia
    • Ammonia 4% in ethanol
    • AMMONIA [VANDF]
    • Ammonia 7M in Methanol
    • S18 - MCerts
    • 60 - MCerts
    • Ammonia (8CI,9CI)
    • Ammonia water (JP15)
    • Aromatic ammonia vaporole
    • CONTEST Group B Full
    • SCHEMBL20
    • AMMONIA [II]
    • AMMONIA [MI]
    • InChI=1/H3N/h1H
    • Ammonia, 2M in methanol
    • Dowex(R) 66 free base
    • R-717
    • AMMONIA [WHO-DD]
    • CONTEST Group B Reduced
    • Ammonia, 0.5M in THF
    • Aromatic Ammonia, Vaporole
    • EC 231-635-3
    • SCHEMBL1061
    • SCHEMBL1292
    • SCHEMBL3129
    • 82168-61-4
    • Ammonia anhydrous, 99.98%
    • INS NO.527
    • N H3
    • CHEMBL1160819
    • 7664-41-7

  • Applications

    Ammonia (CAS 7664-41-7) is widely used across industries as a nitrogen source, a chemical intermediate, and a process gas: as an agricultural fertilizer/feedstock for urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate; as a starting material for chemicals such as urea and nitric acid; as an industrial refrigerant (R-717) in large cooling systems; as a cleaning agent in household and industrial cleaners; in electronics and semiconductor manufacturing for surface cleaning and as a nitrogen source in certain deposition/plasma processes; in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems for NOx abatement; and as a base or pH adjuster in coatings, inks, and other formulations.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 89.81
    methanol 195.0
    isopropanol 52.02
    water 93.02
    ethyl acetate 8.14
    n-propanol 57.44
    acetone 19.24
    n-butanol 39.6
    acetonitrile 17.1
    DMF 133.52
    toluene 1.4
    isobutanol 33.43
    1,4-dioxane 25.5
    methyl acetate 13.66
    THF 44.06
    2-butanone 12.38
    n-pentanol 18.98
    sec-butanol 37.72
    n-hexane 1.54
    ethylene glycol 120.09
    NMP 84.22
    cyclohexane 1.25
    DMSO 88.13
    n-butyl acetate 6.67
    n-octanol 7.7
    chloroform 15.14
    n-propyl acetate 4.17
    acetic acid 127.51
    dichloromethane 11.79
    cyclohexanone 16.68
    propylene glycol 105.4
    isopropyl acetate 3.89
    DMAc 69.23
    2-ethoxyethanol 33.77
    isopentanol 20.11
    n-heptane 1.3
    ethyl formate 19.8
    1,2-dichloroethane 6.83
    n-hexanol 18.82
    2-methoxyethanol 95.57
    isobutyl acetate 2.51
    tetrachloromethane 5.06
    n-pentyl acetate 5.61
    transcutol 23.99
    n-heptanol 11.38
    ethylbenzene 0.79
    MIBK 3.55
    2-propoxyethanol 35.5
    tert-butanol 38.63
    MTBE 9.75
    2-butoxyethanol 23.74
    propionic acid 66.59
    o-xylene 1.61
    formic acid 178.47
    diethyl ether 7.7
    m-xylene 1.26
    p-xylene 1.29
    chlorobenzene 3.16
    dimethyl carbonate 7.13
    n-octane 0.57
    formamide 110.37
    cyclopentanone 32.33
    2-pentanone 7.93
    anisole 2.93
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 10.99
    gamma-butyrolactone 50.44
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 50.83
    pyridine 15.03
    3-pentanone 6.08
    furfural 41.26
    n-dodecane 0.39
    diethylene glycol 43.75
    diisopropyl ether 1.58
    tert-amyl alcohol 31.24
    acetylacetone 6.45
    n-hexadecane 0.4
    acetophenone 3.65
    methyl propionate 11.81
    isopentyl acetate 5.29
    trichloroethylene 10.99
    n-nonanol 6.31
    cyclohexanol 19.78
    benzyl alcohol 7.08
    2-ethylhexanol 6.64
    isooctanol 7.16
    dipropyl ether 4.77
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 3.19
    ethyl lactate 8.25
    propylene carbonate 22.15
    n-methylformamide 87.09
    2-pentanol 17.32
    n-pentane 1.86
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 21.59
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 7.26
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 11.15
    mesitylene 0.9
    ε-caprolactone 17.77
    p-cymene 1.34
    epichlorohydrin 22.85
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 4.83
    2-aminoethanol 126.56
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 51.98
    sulfolane 62.59
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 1.02
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 22.23
    n-hexyl acetate 6.88
    isooctane 0.53
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 16.68
    sec-butyl acetate 2.24
    tert-butyl acetate 3.78
    decalin 0.53
    glycerin 126.22
    diglyme 23.1
    acrylic acid 74.16
    isopropyl myristate 2.26
    n-butyric acid 47.17
    acetyl acetate 4.82
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 5.01
    ethyl propionate 4.11
    nitromethane 66.82
    1,2-diethoxyethane 5.32
    benzonitrile 6.26
    trioctyl phosphate 4.29
    1-bromopropane 4.83
    gamma-valerolactone 41.51
    n-decanol 4.58
    triethyl phosphate 3.61
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 6.54
    propionitrile 14.47
    vinylene carbonate 20.37
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 44.98
    DMS 5.53
    cumene 0.85
    2-octanol 6.17
    2-hexanone 4.12
    octyl acetate 4.05
    limonene 2.15
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 26.02
    ethyl orthosilicate 3.44
    tributyl phosphate 4.16
    diacetone alcohol 11.19
    N,N-dimethylaniline 3.18
    acrylonitrile 21.8
    aniline 9.51
    1,3-propanediol 89.74
    bromobenzene 1.93
    dibromomethane 7.44
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 12.31
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 3.73
    tetrabutyl urea 5.84
    diisobutyl methanol 2.98
    2-phenylethanol 7.5
    styrene 1.01
    dioctyl adipate 3.91
    dimethyl sulfate 14.96
    ethyl butyrate 4.34
    methyl lactate 22.15
    butyl lactate 9.76
    diethyl carbonate 3.4
    propanediol butyl ether 23.27
    triethyl orthoformate 4.26
    p-tert-butyltoluene 1.45
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 7.41
    morpholine 41.42
    tert-butylamine 18.83
    n-dodecanol 3.33
    dimethoxymethane 26.65
    ethylene carbonate 16.19
    cyrene 13.24
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 6.32
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 4.18
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 4.42
    4-methylpyridine 10.93
    dibutyl ether 2.97
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 2.98
    DEF 19.52
    dimethyl isosorbide 12.92
    tetrachloroethylene 10.99
    eugenol 10.38
    triacetin 5.72
    span 80 15.16
    1,4-butanediol 37.5
    1,1-dichloroethane 6.34
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 10.91
    methyl formate 48.01
    2-methyl-1-butanol 24.01
    n-decane 0.61
    butyronitrile 14.47
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 4.85
    1-chlorooctane 1.84
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.81
    n-nonane 0.6
    undecane 0.46
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.61
    cyclooctane 0.47
    cyclopentanol 38.9
    tetrahydropyran 16.94
    tert-amyl methyl ether 7.93
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 16.1
    1-hexene 3.26
    2-isopropoxyethanol 15.0
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 51.34
    methyl butyrate 6.97

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction