alpha-KETOBUTYRIC ACID

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    600-18-0

    Molecular formula
    C4H6O3

    SMILES
    CCC(=O)C(=O)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Caramellic 80.17%
    Buttery 62.77%
    Sweet 54.77%
    Sour 53.05%
    Creamy 52.17%
    Fatty 50.41%
    Burnt 45.37%
    Milky 39.47%
    Fruity 38.65%
    Cheesy 36.64%

     

    Flavor
    Caramel 62.16%
    Sweet 58.9%
    Creamy 48.05%
    Buttery 44.65%
    Butter 41.71%
    Sour 41.26%
    Brown 35.32%
    Caramellic 34.47%
    Acidic 34.47%
    Nutty 33.31%

     

    Odor impact est.
    High

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    0.1

    pKa est.
    6.18 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    102.09 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Moderately fast

    Boiling point est.
    180°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 33 °C

    Flash point

    • 82.58 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 119 mg/mL
    • soluble in water and alcohol

  • Synonyms

    • 2-oxobutanoic acid
    • 2-ketobutyric acid
    • 600-18-0
    • 2-oxobutyric acid
    • alpha-ketobutyric acid
    • BUTANOIC ACID, 2-OXO-
    • 3-Methylpyruvic acid
    • Ketobutyrate
    • Propionylformic acid
    • 2-oxobutyrate
    • 2-Ketobutanoic acid
    • Butyric acid, 2-oxo-
    • Pyruvic acid, methyl-
    • Formic acid, propionyl-
    • alpha-Oxo-n-butyric acid
    • alpha-oxobutyric acid
    • 2-Oxo-n-butyric acid
    • alpha-Ketobutric acid
    • 3-methyl pyruvic acid
    • alpha-ketobutyrate
    • 2-oxo-butyrate
    • .alpha.-Oxobutyric acid
    • FEMA No. 3723
    • a-Ketobutyric acid
    • alpha-Keto-n-butyric acid
    • 2-oxo-Butyric acid
    • 2-oxo-butanoic acid
    • .alpha.-Oxo-n-butyric acid
    • .alpha.-Ketobutyric acid
    • 2-keto-butyrate
    • B92RB6HY1A
    • NSC 60533
    • .alpha.-Keto-n-butyric acid
    • alpha-Oxobutanoic acid
    • CHEBI:30831
    • .alpha.-Ketobutric acid
    • EINECS 209-986-9
    • MFCD00004164
    • NSC-60533
    • .ALPHA.-OXOBUTANOIC ACID
    • DTXSID9060524
    • Butyric acid, 2-oxo- (8CI)
    • Butanoic acid, 2-oxo- (9CI)
    • 2-OXOBUTYRIC ACID [FHFI]
    • 2-Ketobutanoate
    • 2KT
    • UNII-B92RB6HY1A
    • oxobutyric acid
    • alphaOxobutyrate
    • a-Ketobutyrate
    • a-Oxobutyrate
    • propionyl-formate
    • 2oxobutyric acid
    • 3-Methylpyruvate
    • 2-oxobutanoicacid
    • 2oxobutanoic acid
    • 2-Oxo-Butanoate
    • 2Ketobutyric acid
    • a-Oxobutyric acid
    • a-Oxo-n-butyrate
    • a-keto-n-Butyrate
    • 2-Oxo-n-butyrate
    • methyl pyruvic acid
    • 3Methylpyruvic acid
    • methyl-Pyruvic acid
    • ?-Ketobutyric Acid
    • .alpha.-Oxobutyrate
    • alphaOxonbutyric acid
    • Butyric acid, 2oxo
    • 2-keto-butyric acid
    • propionyl-formic acid
    • alpha-Oxo-n-butyrate
    • Butanoic acid, 2oxo
    • Pyruvic acid, methyl
    • alpha-Keto-n-butyrate
    • a-Oxo-n-butyric acid
    • a-keto-n-Butyric acid
    • Formic acid, propionyl
    • 2-Oxobutanoic acid #
    • 4b5t
    • bmse000325
    • 2-Ketobutyric acid, 97%
    • SCHEMBL24128
    • 2-Oxobutanoic acid (Standard)
    • CHEMBL171246
    • DTXCID5042740
    • 2-Oxobutyric acid, >=95%, FG
    • HY-W007926R
    • NSC60533
    • LMFA01060002
    • s6329
    • AKOS005207091
    • 2-Oxobutyric acid, analytical standard
    • CS-W007926
    • DB04553
    • FK52480
    • HY-W007926
    • PB43133
    • AC-37023
    • DS-14641
    • PD006009
    • SY011034
    • 2-Keto-N-butyric acid;Propionylformic acid
    • DB-000166
    • 2-Oxobutyric acid, purum, >=97.0% (T)
    • NS00014701
    • O0364
    • C00109
    • O10846
    • Q209457
    • 35DB7B81-3F44-4D6F-9E8B-C0F8B751D3AD
    • 209-986-9

  • Applications

    2-Oxobutyric acid (α-ketobutyric acid, 2-oxobutanoic acid) is a four-carbon keto acid that serves as a pivotal intermediate in biochemistry and organic synthesis; in the pharmaceutical industry it is employed as a starting material for the preparation of non-proteinogenic amino acids such as L-2-aminobutyric acid, D-2-aminobutyric acid and other bioactive derivatives, and its compact carbon skeleton is readily elaborated into precursors of antiviral, antibacterial and cardiovascular drugs; in flavour and fragrance manufacturing it acts as a versatile building block for buttery, malty or branched-alcohol notes used in food and cosmetic formulations; in research laboratories it functions as a model substrate for transaminases and dehydrogenases, enabling investigation of the threonine-to-propionyl-CoA pathway, oxidative stress in cells, microbial culture optimisation and fermentative methionine production; moreover, owing to its propensity for decarboxylation and transamination reactions, 2-Oxobutyric acid is widely chosen for enzyme screening, heterogeneous catalyst optimisation and as an analytical standard in HPLC.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 266.9
    methanol 575.98
    isopropanol 156.4
    water 64.78
    ethyl acetate 127.52
    n-propanol 160.78
    acetone 251.65
    n-butanol 136.87
    acetonitrile 100.8
    DMF 744.96
    toluene 10.19
    isobutanol 97.45
    1,4-dioxane 209.41
    methyl acetate 154.79
    THF 200.33
    2-butanone 152.21
    n-pentanol 113.02
    sec-butanol 116.66
    n-hexane 5.27
    ethylene glycol 188.93
    NMP 663.66
    cyclohexane 4.02
    DMSO 1198.31
    n-butyl acetate 74.69
    n-octanol 63.1
    chloroform 37.29
    n-propyl acetate 59.29
    acetic acid 410.19
    dichloromethane 78.96
    cyclohexanone 165.82
    propylene glycol 110.51
    isopropyl acetate 69.67
    DMAc 401.09
    2-ethoxyethanol 335.11
    isopentanol 112.62
    n-heptane 4.85
    ethyl formate 136.35
    1,2-dichloroethane 99.7
    n-hexanol 80.29
    2-methoxyethanol 550.36
    isobutyl acetate 20.16
    tetrachloromethane 9.22
    n-pentyl acetate 84.02
    transcutol 709.0
    n-heptanol 59.3
    ethylbenzene 11.8
    MIBK 91.45
    2-propoxyethanol 199.29
    tert-butanol 194.98
    MTBE 83.32
    2-butoxyethanol 150.47
    propionic acid 216.08
    o-xylene 18.63
    formic acid 608.79
    diethyl ether 75.45
    m-xylene 16.2
    p-xylene 14.01
    chlorobenzene 27.54
    dimethyl carbonate 61.04
    n-octane 3.88
    formamide 784.78
    cyclopentanone 199.36
    2-pentanone 148.86
    anisole 51.4
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 81.11
    gamma-butyrolactone 346.69
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 302.92
    pyridine 93.03
    3-pentanone 82.34
    furfural 341.12
    n-dodecane 3.56
    diethylene glycol 263.47
    diisopropyl ether 27.26
    tert-amyl alcohol 163.47
    acetylacetone 195.9
    n-hexadecane 3.82
    acetophenone 76.45
    methyl propionate 126.13
    isopentyl acetate 65.73
    trichloroethylene 133.68
    n-nonanol 55.24
    cyclohexanol 80.39
    benzyl alcohol 76.08
    2-ethylhexanol 41.84
    isooctanol 47.15
    dipropyl ether 30.54
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 41.97
    ethyl lactate 53.21
    propylene carbonate 133.54
    n-methylformamide 492.34
    2-pentanol 94.99
    n-pentane 6.03
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 127.69
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 100.75
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 138.15
    mesitylene 15.4
    ε-caprolactone 197.68
    p-cymene 15.72
    epichlorohydrin 276.33
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 33.3
    2-aminoethanol 217.34
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 527.91
    sulfolane 571.92
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 5.7
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 151.34
    n-hexyl acetate 117.88
    isooctane 4.68
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 239.29
    sec-butyl acetate 33.04
    tert-butyl acetate 97.44
    decalin 4.5
    glycerin 216.51
    diglyme 370.2
    acrylic acid 246.05
    isopropyl myristate 36.53
    n-butyric acid 197.41
    acetyl acetate 70.96
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 45.53
    ethyl propionate 52.69
    nitromethane 732.03
    1,2-diethoxyethane 151.12
    benzonitrile 61.9
    trioctyl phosphate 36.75
    1-bromopropane 30.47
    gamma-valerolactone 411.81
    n-decanol 42.73
    triethyl phosphate 28.99
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 58.8
    propionitrile 57.14
    vinylene carbonate 118.82
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 222.23
    DMS 86.57
    cumene 13.17
    2-octanol 45.91
    2-hexanone 73.43
    octyl acetate 55.35
    limonene 25.41
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 314.83
    ethyl orthosilicate 26.41
    tributyl phosphate 43.13
    diacetone alcohol 210.01
    N,N-dimethylaniline 47.87
    acrylonitrile 111.58
    aniline 43.64
    1,3-propanediol 299.69
    bromobenzene 18.25
    dibromomethane 41.66
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 105.82
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 42.66
    tetrabutyl urea 64.82
    diisobutyl methanol 34.28
    2-phenylethanol 72.92
    styrene 13.81
    dioctyl adipate 56.58
    dimethyl sulfate 161.0
    ethyl butyrate 45.32
    methyl lactate 111.51
    butyl lactate 83.36
    diethyl carbonate 27.16
    propanediol butyl ether 160.98
    triethyl orthoformate 33.1
    p-tert-butyltoluene 16.4
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 95.79
    morpholine 243.18
    tert-butylamine 79.22
    n-dodecanol 31.61
    dimethoxymethane 256.11
    ethylene carbonate 87.69
    cyrene 123.44
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 153.96
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 43.96
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 54.09
    4-methylpyridine 95.0
    dibutyl ether 45.54
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 34.28
    DEF 259.52
    dimethyl isosorbide 199.52
    tetrachloroethylene 93.15
    eugenol 107.02
    triacetin 100.41
    span 80 123.14
    1,4-butanediol 152.46
    1,1-dichloroethane 40.87
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 91.96
    methyl formate 334.25
    2-methyl-1-butanol 99.21
    n-decane 5.28
    butyronitrile 62.37
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 56.37
    1-chlorooctane 23.46
    1-chlorotetradecane 10.29
    n-nonane 4.97
    undecane 4.26
    tert-butylcyclohexane 4.83
    cyclooctane 2.59
    cyclopentanol 104.14
    tetrahydropyran 83.75
    tert-amyl methyl ether 80.38
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 262.33
    1-hexene 16.1
    2-isopropoxyethanol 167.48
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 179.1
    methyl butyrate 84.88

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction