3,4-Hexanedione

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    4437-51-8

    Molecular formula
    C6H10O2

    SMILES
    CCC(=O)C(=O)CC

    Safety labels

    Flammable
    Flammable

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Caramellic 76.71%
    Buttery 71.86%
    Sweet 57.48%
    Fatty 56.2%
    Creamy 53.21%
    Nutty 53.19%
    Oily 42.39%
    Cheesy 41.63%
    Fruity 40.01%
    Milky 35.98%

     

    Flavor
    Caramel 69.99%
    Creamy 60.08%
    Butter 59.29%
    Sweet 59.03%
    Nutty 58.83%
    Buttery 54.13%
    Oily 44.73%
    Pungent 43.53%
    Cheese 41.49%
    Fatty 38.86%

     

    Odor impact est.
    High

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    0.5

    pKa est.
    7.99 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    114.14 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra fast

    Melting point expt.

    • -10 °C

    Boiling point

    • 123.00 to 125.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

    Flash point

    • 39.96 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • slightly
    • almost insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol and oils; very soluble in propylene glycol

  • Synonyms

    • 3,4-HEXANEDIONE
    • 4437-51-8
    • hexane-3,4-dione
    • Bipropionyl
    • Dipropionyl
    • Diethyl diketone
    • 3,4-hexane dione
    • 3,4-hexandione
    • FEMA No. 3168
    • CCRIS 6295
    • UNII-4M4NPR5VGD
    • 4M4NPR5VGD
    • EINECS 224-651-7
    • NSC 23255
    • DTXSID3047681
    • NSC-23255
    • CHEMBL1812853
    • DTXCID1027681
    • CHEBI:88652
    • 3,4-HEXANEDIONE [FHFI]
    • NSC23255
    • MFCD00010237
    • Hexane 3,4-Dione
    • 3,4-Hexanedione, 95%
    • SCHEMBL108375
    • 3,4-Hexanedione, >=90%
    • FEMA 3168
    • DIETHYL-ALPHA,BETA-DIKETONE
    • Tox21_302566
    • BDBM50350318
    • LMFA12000016
    • AKOS000120155
    • CS-W013639
    • DIETHYL-.ALPHA.,.BETA.-DIKETONE
    • NCGC00256687-01
    • DIETHYL-.ALPHA.,.BETA.- DIKETONE
    • LS-13147
    • CAS-4437-51-8
    • DB-003357
    • H0573
    • NS00022196
    • EN300-19032
    • D90906
    • Q11187541
    • Z104472286

  • Applications

    3,4-Hexanedione (CAS 4437-51-8) is a straight-chain α-diketone whose highly reactive 1,2-dicarbonyl motif makes it a versatile building block across numerous sectors: in medicinal chemistry it condenses with hydrazines, amidines or secondary amines to deliver pyrazine, pyridazine and oxazole cores found in antibacterial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory leads; in agrochemistry it is transformed into pyrazolone and triazine derivatives used as selective pesticides; in analytical science the diketone forms intensely colored complexes with Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺ and reacts with nucleophiles, enabling trace analysis by spectrophotometry or electrochemical sensing; in polymer engineering it functions as a chain extender and photosensitive cross-linker for polyester, polyurethane and UV-curable ink networks; in flavor and fragrance manufacture it is a key precursor of roasted, nutty pyrazines that impart chocolate, coffee and peanut notes to food, beverages and tobacco; furthermore its bidentate chelating ability is being explored for precious-metal extraction, homogeneous catalysis and advanced sensing materials, underscoring the broad and evolving application spectrum of this compact diketone.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 690.01
    methanol 1217.97
    isopropanol 605.67
    water 39.19
    ethyl acetate 1577.43
    n-propanol 620.64
    acetone 2661.32
    n-butanol 566.29
    acetonitrile 2795.38
    DMF 3080.59
    toluene 590.11
    isobutanol 520.08
    1,4-dioxane 2123.1
    methyl acetate 1846.91
    THF 1929.02
    2-butanone 1801.06
    n-pentanol 501.7
    sec-butanol 584.45
    n-hexane 290.87
    ethylene glycol 295.33
    NMP 3349.12
    cyclohexane 368.07
    DMSO 2409.08
    n-butyl acetate 1109.64
    n-octanol 527.52
    chloroform 4483.03
    n-propyl acetate 1279.46
    acetic acid 1700.49
    dichloromethane 4819.09
    cyclohexanone 2538.49
    propylene glycol 255.47
    isopropyl acetate 934.47
    DMAc 2207.81
    2-ethoxyethanol 921.63
    isopentanol 516.8
    n-heptane 146.34
    ethyl formate 1390.42
    1,2-dichloroethane 3158.96
    n-hexanol 445.87
    2-methoxyethanol 1270.39
    isobutyl acetate 643.99
    tetrachloromethane 1311.18
    n-pentyl acetate 955.18
    transcutol 2177.84
    n-heptanol 320.84
    ethylbenzene 550.47
    MIBK 695.03
    2-propoxyethanol 786.14
    tert-butanol 738.39
    MTBE 830.76
    2-butoxyethanol 613.87
    propionic acid 1233.87
    o-xylene 572.05
    formic acid 816.13
    diethyl ether 1055.41
    m-xylene 452.64
    p-xylene 855.28
    chlorobenzene 1706.39
    dimethyl carbonate 745.03
    n-octane 108.73
    formamide 1399.91
    cyclopentanone 2935.55
    2-pentanone 1341.52
    anisole 1063.72
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 1123.62
    gamma-butyrolactone 3787.84
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 835.23
    pyridine 1963.69
    3-pentanone 1327.33
    furfural 3261.44
    n-dodecane 88.18
    diethylene glycol 657.8
    diisopropyl ether 406.71
    tert-amyl alcohol 693.37
    acetylacetone 1851.09
    n-hexadecane 103.92
    acetophenone 1231.7
    methyl propionate 1278.19
    isopentyl acetate 856.69
    trichloroethylene 5976.89
    n-nonanol 427.2
    cyclohexanol 734.02
    benzyl alcohol 743.72
    2-ethylhexanol 363.34
    isooctanol 282.2
    dipropyl ether 535.07
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 1850.41
    ethyl lactate 497.87
    propylene carbonate 1943.87
    n-methylformamide 2036.24
    2-pentanol 463.5
    n-pentane 185.42
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 552.11
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 786.87
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 562.53
    mesitylene 389.77
    ε-caprolactone 2119.86
    p-cymene 340.39
    epichlorohydrin 3066.43
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 3177.48
    2-aminoethanol 423.6
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 2642.63
    sulfolane 4253.79
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 141.82
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 1781.64
    n-hexyl acetate 1310.29
    isooctane 90.97
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 749.09
    sec-butyl acetate 721.72
    tert-butyl acetate 959.6
    decalin 228.42
    glycerin 426.06
    diglyme 1795.16
    acrylic acid 1372.76
    isopropyl myristate 449.77
    n-butyric acid 1292.86
    acetyl acetate 1338.93
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 354.27
    ethyl propionate 1086.59
    nitromethane 4711.09
    1,2-diethoxyethane 1096.49
    benzonitrile 1675.38
    trioctyl phosphate 306.99
    1-bromopropane 1311.72
    gamma-valerolactone 3277.96
    n-decanol 306.49
    triethyl phosphate 470.89
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 272.07
    propionitrile 1585.87
    vinylene carbonate 2111.98
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 1942.62
    DMS 1197.31
    cumene 406.52
    2-octanol 340.7
    2-hexanone 1130.93
    octyl acetate 575.18
    limonene 461.7
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 1918.63
    ethyl orthosilicate 416.74
    tributyl phosphate 450.37
    diacetone alcohol 810.54
    N,N-dimethylaniline 730.41
    acrylonitrile 2425.97
    aniline 787.55
    1,3-propanediol 615.54
    bromobenzene 1825.24
    dibromomethane 2953.21
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 4199.53
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 631.32
    tetrabutyl urea 561.87
    diisobutyl methanol 247.68
    2-phenylethanol 582.24
    styrene 762.19
    dioctyl adipate 605.56
    dimethyl sulfate 1415.29
    ethyl butyrate 892.87
    methyl lactate 603.07
    butyl lactate 606.48
    diethyl carbonate 698.38
    propanediol butyl ether 592.69
    triethyl orthoformate 577.47
    p-tert-butyltoluene 328.37
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 769.56
    morpholine 1891.63
    tert-butylamine 526.98
    n-dodecanol 235.51
    dimethoxymethane 1271.19
    ethylene carbonate 1724.87
    cyrene 596.7
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 1090.63
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 761.81
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1956.22
    4-methylpyridine 2067.38
    dibutyl ether 728.21
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 247.68
    DEF 1810.24
    dimethyl isosorbide 1046.58
    tetrachloroethylene 3283.78
    eugenol 713.59
    triacetin 1055.94
    span 80 487.72
    1,4-butanediol 361.15
    1,1-dichloroethane 2776.02
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 500.03
    methyl formate 1777.02
    2-methyl-1-butanol 545.29
    n-decane 148.47
    butyronitrile 1393.51
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 448.3
    1-chlorooctane 525.75
    1-chlorotetradecane 205.38
    n-nonane 160.42
    undecane 110.0
    tert-butylcyclohexane 215.14
    cyclooctane 156.81
    cyclopentanol 913.8
    tetrahydropyran 1520.95
    tert-amyl methyl ether 710.38
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 1054.57
    1-hexene 599.52
    2-isopropoxyethanol 627.74
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 983.2
    methyl butyrate 1523.72

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction