3-Propylidenephthalide

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    17369-59-4

    Molecular formula
    C11H10O2

    SMILES
    CC/C=C\1/C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Herbal 78.03%
    Sweet 73.08%
    Spicy 65.34%
    Phenolic 50.72%
    Coumarinic 50.52%
    Hay 42.79%
    Celery 42.3%
    Green 40.13%
    Coconut 39.48%
    Mint 39.38%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    2.6

    Molecular weight
    174.2 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Very slow

    Boiling point

    • 343 to 347 °F at 15 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

    Flash point est.
    144.94 ˚C

    Flash point expt.

    • greater than 200 °F (NTP, 1992)

    Solubility expt.

    • less than 0.1 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • Insoluble in water; soluble in oils
    • soluble (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • 3-PROPYLIDENEPHTHALIDE
    • 17369-59-4
    • 3-Propylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one
    • 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 3-propylidene-
    • 3-Propylidene phthalide
    • Propylidenephthalide
    • Phthalide, 3-propylidene-
    • 94704-89-9
    • (3Z)-3-propylidene-2-benzofuran-1-one
    • Propylidene phthalide
    • FEMA No. 2952
    • CCRIS 4708
    • 3-Propylidenephthalide, (3Z)-
    • FEMA No. 2952, Z-
    • EINECS 241-402-8
    • WHD8YJ226P
    • 3-Propylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone
    • (Z)-3-propylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one
    • LU204L9C7Y
    • 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 3-propylidene-, (Z)-
    • 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 3-propylidene-, (3Z)-
    • UNII-WHD8YJ226P
    • DTXSID7025972
    • DTXCID70810032
    • UNII-LU204L9C7Y
    • Phthalide, 3-propylidene (6CI,8CI)
    • MFCD00051813
    • CELERIAX
    • n-Propylidenephthalide
    • Phthalide, 3-propylidene
    • (3Z)-3-propylidenephthalide
    • CHEMBL401203
    • CHEBI:197073
    • DTXSID801018094
    • 3-PROPYLIDENEPHTHALIDE [FHFI]
    • AKOS022181524
    • (3Z)-3-propylidene-2-benzouran-1-one
    • NCGC00091892-02
    • AS-63851
    • 3-N-PROPYLIDENEPHTHALIDE, (E)+(Z)
    • (3Z)-3-Propylidene-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone
    • CS-0431730
    • NS00013164
    • P1824
    • 3-PROPYLIDENE-1(3H)-ISOBENZOFURAZONE
    • D92161
    • (3Z)-3-Propylidene-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one #
    • Q27283180
    • 241-402-8

  • Applications

    3-Propylidenephthalide (CAS 17369-59-4) is a naturally occurring aroma compound found in celery seed oil that is widely employed as a flavour modifier thanks to its warm, celery-like, slightly nutty and spicy note, enhancing the character of soups, sauces, seasoning blends and vegetarian products; in the fragrance industry it is blended into perfumes, soaps and personal-care formulations to impart a natural herbal nuance and improve scent longevity, and it also serves as an analytical standard for verifying the authenticity of food and flavour ingredients; in pharmaceutical research, 3-Propylidenephthalide is used as an intermediate for synthesising phthalide derivatives with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities, and is investigated as an antioxidant for food- and cosmetic-grade preservative systems, thereby demonstrating versatile value across food, cosmetic, biological and medicinal fields.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 139.05
    methanol 134.86
    isopropanol 110.46
    water 0.19
    ethyl acetate 183.11
    n-propanol 126.36
    acetone 299.89
    n-butanol 126.67
    acetonitrile 195.87
    DMF 1019.58
    toluene 176.48
    isobutanol 102.0
    1,4-dioxane 312.71
    methyl acetate 222.79
    THF 378.12
    2-butanone 246.44
    n-pentanol 103.22
    sec-butanol 118.2
    n-hexane 11.34
    ethylene glycol 52.3
    NMP 628.67
    cyclohexane 25.31
    DMSO 403.18
    n-butyl acetate 167.22
    n-octanol 126.37
    chloroform 845.34
    n-propyl acetate 140.73
    acetic acid 152.2
    dichloromethane 813.99
    cyclohexanone 386.68
    propylene glycol 62.39
    isopropyl acetate 124.98
    DMAc 490.37
    2-ethoxyethanol 148.7
    isopentanol 119.69
    n-heptane 13.02
    ethyl formate 182.67
    1,2-dichloroethane 544.08
    n-hexanol 123.42
    2-methoxyethanol 259.75
    isobutyl acetate 92.34
    tetrachloromethane 87.1
    n-pentyl acetate 157.24
    transcutol 404.1
    n-heptanol 93.04
    ethylbenzene 111.83
    MIBK 133.18
    2-propoxyethanol 205.92
    tert-butanol 126.96
    MTBE 111.81
    2-butoxyethanol 150.17
    propionic acid 150.72
    o-xylene 115.76
    formic acid 45.65
    diethyl ether 120.79
    m-xylene 133.98
    p-xylene 128.59
    chlorobenzene 333.05
    dimethyl carbonate 184.3
    n-octane 12.62
    formamide 116.35
    cyclopentanone 458.51
    2-pentanone 198.01
    anisole 206.04
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 173.1
    gamma-butyrolactone 490.66
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 205.55
    pyridine 461.32
    3-pentanone 153.6
    furfural 514.53
    n-dodecane 18.5
    diethylene glycol 177.14
    diisopropyl ether 45.02
    tert-amyl alcohol 121.69
    acetylacetone 272.1
    n-hexadecane 21.47
    acetophenone 222.61
    methyl propionate 205.19
    isopentyl acetate 150.47
    trichloroethylene 1065.45
    n-nonanol 112.19
    cyclohexanol 139.73
    benzyl alcohol 189.64
    2-ethylhexanol 86.71
    isooctanol 80.01
    dipropyl ether 72.49
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 316.71
    ethyl lactate 102.49
    propylene carbonate 320.77
    n-methylformamide 307.21
    2-pentanol 91.04
    n-pentane 12.34
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 142.77
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 172.51
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 177.14
    mesitylene 84.2
    ε-caprolactone 316.81
    p-cymene 69.39
    epichlorohydrin 544.34
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 361.29
    2-aminoethanol 88.36
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 480.03
    sulfolane 564.79
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 11.37
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 255.66
    n-hexyl acetate 253.39
    isooctane 10.6
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 224.02
    sec-butyl acetate 97.28
    tert-butyl acetate 129.95
    decalin 23.0
    glycerin 94.89
    diglyme 356.84
    acrylic acid 173.13
    isopropyl myristate 105.35
    n-butyric acid 182.25
    acetyl acetate 141.36
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 109.03
    ethyl propionate 135.31
    nitromethane 327.97
    1,2-diethoxyethane 160.21
    benzonitrile 308.93
    trioctyl phosphate 87.91
    1-bromopropane 221.05
    gamma-valerolactone 492.84
    n-decanol 89.95
    triethyl phosphate 83.85
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 66.66
    propionitrile 176.41
    vinylene carbonate 347.33
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 346.1
    DMS 218.51
    cumene 74.91
    2-octanol 85.66
    2-hexanone 145.75
    octyl acetate 138.33
    limonene 84.08
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 283.74
    ethyl orthosilicate 73.23
    tributyl phosphate 100.09
    diacetone alcohol 167.59
    N,N-dimethylaniline 140.91
    acrylonitrile 286.25
    aniline 208.55
    1,3-propanediol 122.51
    bromobenzene 367.58
    dibromomethane 486.47
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 696.91
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 121.25
    tetrabutyl urea 142.12
    diisobutyl methanol 57.13
    2-phenylethanol 177.33
    styrene 150.51
    dioctyl adipate 139.85
    dimethyl sulfate 275.72
    ethyl butyrate 120.64
    methyl lactate 144.91
    butyl lactate 127.53
    diethyl carbonate 105.31
    propanediol butyl ether 161.7
    triethyl orthoformate 89.25
    p-tert-butyltoluene 65.75
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 190.04
    morpholine 319.79
    tert-butylamine 84.03
    n-dodecanol 73.86
    dimethoxymethane 336.65
    ethylene carbonate 259.97
    cyrene 182.48
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 198.43
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 124.41
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 351.19
    4-methylpyridine 416.77
    dibutyl ether 116.37
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 57.13
    DEF 292.49
    dimethyl isosorbide 265.52
    tetrachloroethylene 430.63
    eugenol 216.16
    triacetin 208.89
    span 80 159.37
    1,4-butanediol 67.9
    1,1-dichloroethane 399.27
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 107.37
    methyl formate 253.68
    2-methyl-1-butanol 115.87
    n-decane 24.58
    butyronitrile 180.4
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 105.45
    1-chlorooctane 105.04
    1-chlorotetradecane 53.34
    n-nonane 22.26
    undecane 20.95
    tert-butylcyclohexane 19.55
    cyclooctane 11.7
    cyclopentanol 156.91
    tetrahydropyran 228.23
    tert-amyl methyl ether 97.23
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 283.4
    1-hexene 53.25
    2-isopropoxyethanol 114.35
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 80.13
    methyl butyrate 194.24

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
Restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 0.072 % Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 0.82 %
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 0.022 % Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 0.82 %
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 0.43 % Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 0.042 %
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 0.4 % Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 0.79 %
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 0.1 % Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 2.8 %
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 0.1 % Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 2.8 %
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 0.1 % Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 1.6 %
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 0.1 % Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 1.6 %
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 0.24 % Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction