2,3-Pyrazinedicarboxylic acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    89-01-0

    Molecular formula
    C6H4N2O4

    SMILES
    C1=CN=C(C(=N1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O

    Safety labels

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 74.77%
    Nutty 30.68%
    Sour 26.67%
    Roasted 26.52%
    Burnt 25.49%
    Cooked 21.76%
    Popcorn 19.85%
    Caramellic 18.34%
    Savory 17.93%
    Musty 17.53%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 59.01%
    Nutty 50.41%
    Mild 32.63%
    Very mild 31.45%
    Sour 29.7%
    Bitter 26.92%
    Musty 26.35%
    Popcorn 25.29%
    Bread crust 23.35%
    Bread 23.32%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -0.7

    pKa est.
    5.81 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    168.11 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    417°C

    Flash point

    • 219.98 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • 2,3-Pyrazinedicarboxylic acid
    • Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid
    • 89-01-0
    • 2,3-Dicarboxypyrazine
    • QNN35WOF29
    • NSC-1908
    • DTXSID70237467
    • RefChem:81936
    • DTXCID70159958
    • 201-875-3
    • Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate
    • 2,3-pyrazine dicarboxylic acid
    • MFCD00006131
    • NSC1908
    • 2,3-Dicarboxypyrazine; NSC 1908
    • NSC 1908
    • EINECS 201-875-3
    • UNII-QNN35WOF29
    • BRN 0147982
    • Maybridge1_001780
    • pyrazine, 2,3-dicarboxy-
    • SCHEMBL69939
    • 5-25-05-00383 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylicacid
    • pyrazine-2,3-dicaroxylic acid
    • 2,3-pyrazine-dicarboxylic acid
    • orb2940292
    • CHEMBL2000672
    • HMS546I20
    • pyrazine-2,3- dicarboxylic acid
    • BB_SC-03456
    • STR06323
    • BBL010075
    • BTB 07953
    • CCG-45753
    • SBB028481
    • STK711154
    • 2,3-Pyrazinedicarboxylic acid, 97%
    • AKOS000121437
    • AC-1922
    • CS-W017821
    • FP01041
    • HY-W017105
    • PS-8732
    • NCGC00336204-01
    • NCI60_001592
    • SY008112
    • 2,3-PYRAZINEDICARBOXYLIC ACID [MI]
    • DB-025266
    • NS00018707
    • P0545
    • ST50160363
    • EN300-21148
    • P19771
    • AB01141154-03
    • F034759
    • SR-01000635503-1
    • Q27287370
    • Z104492896
    • 89-01-0

  • Applications

    2,3-Pyrazinedicarboxylic acid is primarily used as an organic synthesis intermediate and building block for pyrazine-based compounds bearing carboxyl groups. It also serves as a chelating ligand in coordination chemistry, enabling metal complex formation. It is used as a precursor in the development of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and other coordination polymers, with potential applications in catalysis, sensing, and separations. In polymer and materials science, it can function as a monomer or comonomer for specialty polymers and polyimide-type systems, contributing rigidity and functional handles. In pharmaceutical and agrochemical R&D, it is commonly evaluated as a synthetic starting point toward pyrazine derivatives with drug-like properties; the carboxyl groups permit further functionalization to tailor properties. Subject to local regulations and formulation limits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 4.07
    methanol 6.22
    isopropanol 2.93
    water 2.6
    ethyl acetate 1.28
    n-propanol 3.34
    acetone 4.61
    n-butanol 3.11
    acetonitrile 2.84
    DMF 67.86
    toluene 0.49
    isobutanol 2.16
    1,4-dioxane 3.64
    methyl acetate 3.15
    THF 15.87
    2-butanone 4.69
    n-pentanol 2.75
    sec-butanol 2.76
    n-hexane 0.34
    ethylene glycol 6.89
    NMP 57.86
    cyclohexane 0.18
    DMSO 353.44
    n-butyl acetate 3.15
    n-octanol 2.19
    chloroform 1.81
    n-propyl acetate 1.32
    acetic acid 1.04
    dichloromethane 4.6
    cyclohexanone 5.45
    propylene glycol 2.65
    isopropyl acetate 0.94
    DMAc 78.76
    2-ethoxyethanol 8.61
    isopentanol 2.59
    n-heptane 0.62
    ethyl formate 3.38
    1,2-dichloroethane 6.11
    n-hexanol 3.93
    2-methoxyethanol 17.8
    isobutyl acetate 0.36
    tetrachloromethane 0.79
    n-pentyl acetate 1.9
    transcutol 3.57
    n-heptanol 3.08
    ethylbenzene 0.75
    MIBK 1.85
    2-propoxyethanol 10.71
    tert-butanol 4.37
    MTBE 1.84
    2-butoxyethanol 5.96
    propionic acid 1.68
    o-xylene 1.0
    formic acid 5.51
    diethyl ether 1.53
    m-xylene 0.6
    p-xylene 0.89
    chlorobenzene 0.58
    dimethyl carbonate 2.86
    n-octane 0.29
    formamide 11.92
    cyclopentanone 10.91
    2-pentanone 3.06
    anisole 1.33
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 3.64
    gamma-butyrolactone 10.8
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 10.38
    pyridine 4.08
    3-pentanone 2.93
    furfural 10.52
    n-dodecane 0.24
    diethylene glycol 12.46
    diisopropyl ether 0.49
    tert-amyl alcohol 4.02
    acetylacetone 2.83
    n-hexadecane 0.26
    acetophenone 2.45
    methyl propionate 3.35
    isopentyl acetate 2.12
    trichloroethylene 4.0
    n-nonanol 2.2
    cyclohexanol 2.13
    benzyl alcohol 1.95
    2-ethylhexanol 2.32
    isooctanol 2.0
    dipropyl ether 2.81
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 1.01
    ethyl lactate 2.09
    propylene carbonate 2.93
    n-methylformamide 18.18
    2-pentanol 1.86
    n-pentane 0.26
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 6.63
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 3.49
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 4.04
    mesitylene 0.58
    ε-caprolactone 4.46
    p-cymene 1.19
    epichlorohydrin 14.59
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 1.23
    2-aminoethanol 6.31
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 22.17
    sulfolane 41.49
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.17
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 5.72
    n-hexyl acetate 1.85
    isooctane 0.09
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 4.41
    sec-butyl acetate 0.65
    tert-butyl acetate 1.38
    decalin 0.21
    glycerin 7.23
    diglyme 8.96
    acrylic acid 1.78
    isopropyl myristate 1.01
    n-butyric acid 1.81
    acetyl acetate 0.53
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 1.32
    ethyl propionate 1.81
    nitromethane 6.72
    1,2-diethoxyethane 1.81
    benzonitrile 2.05
    trioctyl phosphate 1.61
    1-bromopropane 2.82
    gamma-valerolactone 11.46
    n-decanol 1.81
    triethyl phosphate 2.62
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 1.17
    propionitrile 3.23
    vinylene carbonate 2.22
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 11.1
    DMS 1.57
    cumene 0.66
    2-octanol 1.81
    2-hexanone 2.33
    octyl acetate 1.54
    limonene 1.43
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 14.53
    ethyl orthosilicate 2.17
    tributyl phosphate 1.39
    diacetone alcohol 4.66
    N,N-dimethylaniline 2.51
    acrylonitrile 5.05
    aniline 1.36
    1,3-propanediol 6.49
    bromobenzene 0.54
    dibromomethane 3.3
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 5.18
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 1.71
    tetrabutyl urea 3.26
    diisobutyl methanol 1.47
    2-phenylethanol 2.69
    styrene 0.57
    dioctyl adipate 1.29
    dimethyl sulfate 14.74
    ethyl butyrate 2.29
    methyl lactate 4.81
    butyl lactate 2.16
    diethyl carbonate 1.7
    propanediol butyl ether 2.92
    triethyl orthoformate 2.17
    p-tert-butyltoluene 1.07
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 3.42
    morpholine 6.74
    tert-butylamine 2.13
    n-dodecanol 1.38
    dimethoxymethane 16.05
    ethylene carbonate 2.01
    cyrene 5.39
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 1.93
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 1.83
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1.18
    4-methylpyridine 4.3
    dibutyl ether 1.36
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 1.47
    DEF 11.79
    dimethyl isosorbide 7.35
    tetrachloroethylene 3.43
    eugenol 3.6
    triacetin 1.26
    span 80 2.29
    1,4-butanediol 3.66
    1,1-dichloroethane 1.54
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 2.08
    methyl formate 9.82
    2-methyl-1-butanol 2.54
    n-decane 0.35
    butyronitrile 3.12
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 1.52
    1-chlorooctane 1.05
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.54
    n-nonane 0.32
    undecane 0.29
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.17
    cyclooctane 0.14
    cyclopentanol 3.53
    tetrahydropyran 2.19
    tert-amyl methyl ether 2.53
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 7.07
    1-hexene 0.86
    2-isopropoxyethanol 3.77
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 2.28
    methyl butyrate 2.93

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction