2,3-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    24677-78-9

    Molecular formula
    C7H6O3

    SMILES
    C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)C=O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Phenolic 61.95%
    Burnt 50.66%
    Vanilla 43.72%
    Odorless 42.03%
    Spicy 40.56%
    Medicinal 38.06%
    Caramellic 37.23%
    Smoky 35.76%
    Bitter 35.02%
    Sweet 28.78%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 69.62%
    Phenolic 44.61%
    Almond 40.79%
    Medical 33.68%
    Sweet 32.3%
    Mild 31.75%
    Vanilla 30.14%
    Nutty 24.75%
    Creamy 23.82%
    Curry 23.35%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Medium

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    1.5

    pKa est.
    8.79 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    138.12 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    294°C

    Flash point

    • 132.88 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • 2,3-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde
    • 24677-78-9
    • o-Pyrocatechualdehyde
    • 5,6-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde
    • GP9HDE43LE
    • NSC-146456
    • CHEBI:50197
    • DTXSID90179411
    • RefChem:81763
    • DTXCID20101902
    • 246-398-1
    • Benzaldehyde, 2,3-dihydroxy-
    • MFCD00003324
    • 3-Formyl-1,2-benzenediol
    • 1,2-Dihydroxy-3-formylbenzene
    • Benzaldehyde, dihydroxy-
    • dihydroxybenzaldehyde
    • EINECS 246-398-1
    • NSC 146456
    • 3-hydroxysalicylaldehyde
    • UNII-GP9HDE43LE
    • 2,3-dihydroxy benzaldehyde
    • 2,3-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde
    • SCHEMBL36440
    • SCHEMBL874656
    • CHEMBL491995
    • orb3023656
    • SCHEMBL29407137
    • 2,3-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 97%
    • BDBM111044
    • o-Pyrocatechualdehyde (6CI,8CI)
    • BB_SC-06839
    • DIHYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE, 2,3-
    • BBL000528
    • NSC146456
    • SBB004190
    • STK902088
    • AKOS000119466
    • CS-W007479
    • EBC-436062
    • FD22099
    • 23A
    • AC-24170
    • AS-14413
    • SY030837
    • D1478
    • NS00027714
    • EN300-17250
    • AE-641/30608014
    • F091514
    • US8614253, .3-75
    • Q27104753
    • Z56899185
    • F0001-3006
    • InChI=1/C7H6O3/c8-4-5-2-1-3-6(9)7(5)10/h1-4,9-10
    • 24677-78-9

  • Applications

    2,3-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (CAS 24677-78-9) is commonly used as an organic synthesis intermediate, serving as a building block for dyes and pigments in the chemical industry; it also functions as a fragrance/odorant intermediate for perfumery; it can be a precursor in the preparation of phenolic resins and coating formulations; it has potential as an antioxidant or stabilizer in polymers and surface coatings; and it provides a versatile starting point for pharmaceutical and agrochemical intermediate syntheses, as well as broader research and development work in specialty chemicals.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 121.16
    methanol 202.96
    isopropanol 80.73
    water 7.32
    ethyl acetate 83.46
    n-propanol 85.89
    acetone 73.34
    n-butanol 64.01
    acetonitrile 44.27
    DMF 183.28
    toluene 5.16
    isobutanol 41.25
    1,4-dioxane 138.53
    methyl acetate 108.62
    THF 299.11
    2-butanone 76.7
    n-pentanol 47.33
    sec-butanol 63.67
    n-hexane 0.89
    ethylene glycol 113.04
    NMP 69.69
    cyclohexane 0.97
    DMSO 300.21
    n-butyl acetate 35.8
    n-octanol 33.75
    chloroform 4.65
    n-propyl acetate 48.5
    acetic acid 83.42
    dichloromethane 6.6
    cyclohexanone 31.21
    propylene glycol 45.32
    isopropyl acetate 54.56
    DMAc 184.18
    2-ethoxyethanol 209.29
    isopentanol 64.08
    n-heptane 3.4
    ethyl formate 41.01
    1,2-dichloroethane 14.79
    n-hexanol 50.57
    2-methoxyethanol 288.44
    isobutyl acetate 19.33
    tetrachloromethane 3.26
    n-pentyl acetate 29.75
    transcutol 410.17
    n-heptanol 34.53
    ethylbenzene 5.69
    MIBK 58.39
    2-propoxyethanol 130.58
    tert-butanol 182.79
    MTBE 88.94
    2-butoxyethanol 82.17
    propionic acid 63.93
    o-xylene 8.31
    formic acid 153.33
    diethyl ether 75.0
    m-xylene 8.63
    p-xylene 5.57
    chlorobenzene 4.05
    dimethyl carbonate 51.74
    n-octane 1.92
    formamide 346.55
    cyclopentanone 65.9
    2-pentanone 69.58
    anisole 34.72
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 56.2
    gamma-butyrolactone 105.01
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 172.34
    pyridine 27.39
    3-pentanone 40.51
    furfural 67.63
    n-dodecane 1.9
    diethylene glycol 151.87
    diisopropyl ether 23.94
    tert-amyl alcohol 122.22
    acetylacetone 83.08
    n-hexadecane 2.09
    acetophenone 31.32
    methyl propionate 77.87
    isopentyl acetate 32.84
    trichloroethylene 20.02
    n-nonanol 31.33
    cyclohexanol 27.67
    benzyl alcohol 28.19
    2-ethylhexanol 26.9
    isooctanol 27.6
    dipropyl ether 34.54
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 6.5
    ethyl lactate 36.52
    propylene carbonate 43.86
    n-methylformamide 146.37
    2-pentanol 55.78
    n-pentane 1.4
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 82.34
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 60.25
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 78.92
    mesitylene 8.01
    ε-caprolactone 43.24
    p-cymene 8.68
    epichlorohydrin 119.82
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 9.64
    2-aminoethanol 130.83
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 126.06
    sulfolane 117.77
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2.18
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 99.63
    n-hexyl acetate 39.44
    isooctane 2.56
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 124.36
    sec-butyl acetate 33.16
    tert-butyl acetate 83.75
    decalin 1.42
    glycerin 107.42
    diglyme 213.99
    acrylic acid 57.03
    isopropyl myristate 20.36
    n-butyric acid 56.69
    acetyl acetate 38.36
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 16.22
    ethyl propionate 45.91
    nitromethane 200.56
    1,2-diethoxyethane 87.72
    benzonitrile 15.01
    trioctyl phosphate 15.87
    1-bromopropane 6.78
    gamma-valerolactone 89.47
    n-decanol 24.42
    triethyl phosphate 21.1
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 41.41
    propionitrile 36.03
    vinylene carbonate 29.61
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 85.65
    DMS 33.07
    cumene 6.36
    2-octanol 23.08
    2-hexanone 42.75
    octyl acetate 25.48
    limonene 12.01
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 202.98
    ethyl orthosilicate 20.37
    tributyl phosphate 16.79
    diacetone alcohol 123.17
    N,N-dimethylaniline 26.55
    acrylonitrile 50.39
    aniline 15.74
    1,3-propanediol 151.68
    bromobenzene 2.51
    dibromomethane 3.77
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 17.72
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 24.83
    tetrabutyl urea 24.78
    diisobutyl methanol 24.94
    2-phenylethanol 33.26
    styrene 5.27
    dioctyl adipate 27.84
    dimethyl sulfate 82.19
    ethyl butyrate 36.79
    methyl lactate 60.58
    butyl lactate 28.47
    diethyl carbonate 25.13
    propanediol butyl ether 63.1
    triethyl orthoformate 26.41
    p-tert-butyltoluene 9.66
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 42.96
    morpholine 158.09
    tert-butylamine 70.2
    n-dodecanol 18.79
    dimethoxymethane 199.58
    ethylene carbonate 26.81
    cyrene 61.74
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 55.57
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 21.04
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 8.9
    4-methylpyridine 19.97
    dibutyl ether 29.21
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 24.94
    DEF 82.03
    dimethyl isosorbide 105.67
    tetrachloroethylene 16.17
    eugenol 48.07
    triacetin 43.3
    span 80 45.53
    1,4-butanediol 65.32
    1,1-dichloroethane 7.68
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 43.57
    methyl formate 100.57
    2-methyl-1-butanol 49.78
    n-decane 2.91
    butyronitrile 27.35
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 30.12
    1-chlorooctane 11.15
    1-chlorotetradecane 5.31
    n-nonane 2.48
    undecane 2.3
    tert-butylcyclohexane 1.95
    cyclooctane 0.92
    cyclopentanol 37.97
    tetrahydropyran 60.3
    tert-amyl methyl ether 67.51
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 154.58
    1-hexene 4.67
    2-isopropoxyethanol 120.14
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 61.82
    methyl butyrate 51.45

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction