2-Hydroxybutyric Acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    600-15-7

    Molecular formula
    C4H8O3

    SMILES
    CCC(C(=O)O)O

    Safety labels

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Caramellic 58.64%
    Buttery 54.42%
    Fruity 42.38%
    Odorless 39.43%
    Sour 37.42%
    Milky 36.54%
    Creamy 33.45%
    Sweet 32.63%
    Dairy 30.88%
    Cheesy 27.22%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 67.69%
    Sour 42.75%
    Acidic 37.23%
    Very mild 27.07%
    Buttery 25.8%
    Caramellic 23.56%
    Sweet-like 22.52%
    Pungent 21.94%
    Acetoin 21.43%
    Roquefort cheese 21.18%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    0.1

    pKa est.
    6.08 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    104.1 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Slow

    Boiling point est.
    212°C

    Flash point

    • 109.11 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • 2-Hydroxybutyric acid
    • 2-HYDROXYBUTANOIC ACID
    • 600-15-7
    • alpha-Hydroxybutyric acid
    • 2-hydroxy-butanoic acid
    • O0ADR0I4H5
    • NSC-6495
    • CHEBI:1148
    • RefChem:473411
    • 209-985-3
    • dl-2-hydroxy-n-butyric acid
    • DL-2-Hydroxybutyric Acid
    • 565-70-8
    • Butanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-
    • Butyric acid, 2-hydroxy-
    • MFCD00070502
    • Hydroxybutyric acid
    • .alpha.-Hydroxybutyric acid
    • (+/-)-2-hydroxybutanoic acid
    • .alpha.-Hydroxy-n-butyric acid
    • alpha-hydroxybutanoic acid
    • alpha-Hydroxy-n-butyric acid
    • S-2-hydroxybutyric acid
    • DL-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid
    • (RS)-2-Hydroxybutyric acid
    • UNII-O0ADR0I4H5
    • (1)-2-Hydroxybutyric acid
    • ethylglycolic acid
    • NSC 6495
    • -hydroxybutyric acid
    • EINECS 209-985-3
    • 2-hydroxy-butyric acid
    • alpha-hydroxy butyric acid
    • SCHEMBL6963
    • SCHEMBL463271
    • CHEMBL567588
    • orb1945026
    • SCHEMBL1005309
    • SCHEMBL1394214
    • SCHEMBL6593909
    • SCHEMBL8381959
    • DTXSID8041903
    • (+/-)alpha-hydoxy butyric acid
    • NSC6495
    • (R)-(+)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid
    • 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid, AldrichCPR
    • EBC-47542
    • LMFA01050004
    • s6119
    • AKOS000121162
    • AKOS016053528
    • FH35031
    • SB44466
    • SB44876
    • SY234828
    • DB-017417
    • DB-066029
    • HY-113381
    • CS-0062339
    • H0227
    • NS00034281
    • NS00120051
    • EN300-27738
    • BUTANOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, (+/-)-
    • D90822
    • BC3EA1BE-590C-48AC-ACE7-8989B8E96BFC
    • Q3288610
    • Z246073650
    • DL-2-Hydroxybutyric Acid (contains Polymolecular esterification product)
    • 565-70-8

  • Applications

    2-Hydroxybutyric acid (CAS 600-15-7) is a chiral alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is primarily used as an industrial intermediate and building block. In pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals, it serves as a starting material or scaffold for the synthesis of drug intermediates and other specialized molecules, enabling enantioselective or asymmetric routes. In the polymer and plastics sector, it can be converted to derivatives used in polyester and other specialty polymer syntheses. In cosmetics and personal care, alpha-hydroxy acid derivatives derived from it may be evaluated as components or precursors for esters used in fragrances and skin-care formulations. In coatings, inks, and general industrial manufacturing, it is used as a precursor to esters, lactones, and other additives that improve formulation properties. Use is subject to local regulations and formulation limits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 39.23
    methanol 160.77
    isopropanol 12.52
    water 385.06
    ethyl acetate 9.35
    n-propanol 15.14
    acetone 19.6
    n-butanol 13.12
    acetonitrile 5.94
    DMF 91.03
    toluene 0.74
    isobutanol 10.49
    1,4-dioxane 29.07
    methyl acetate 6.23
    THF 29.61
    2-butanone 7.14
    n-pentanol 10.58
    sec-butanol 9.81
    n-hexane 0.75
    ethylene glycol 183.88
    NMP 164.56
    cyclohexane 1.09
    DMSO 360.18
    n-butyl acetate 7.77
    n-octanol 11.71
    chloroform 1.75
    n-propyl acetate 4.88
    acetic acid 178.25
    dichloromethane 3.62
    cyclohexanone 20.73
    propylene glycol 63.84
    isopropyl acetate 7.42
    DMAc 71.44
    2-ethoxyethanol 74.91
    isopentanol 17.47
    n-heptane 1.35
    ethyl formate 15.31
    1,2-dichloroethane 4.68
    n-hexanol 14.77
    2-methoxyethanol 143.23
    isobutyl acetate 2.62
    tetrachloromethane 1.32
    n-pentyl acetate 9.23
    transcutol 180.27
    n-heptanol 13.67
    ethylbenzene 1.12
    MIBK 12.55
    2-propoxyethanol 53.88
    tert-butanol 32.08
    MTBE 6.91
    2-butoxyethanol 41.64
    propionic acid 37.09
    o-xylene 2.33
    formic acid 553.97
    diethyl ether 3.99
    m-xylene 2.02
    p-xylene 1.5
    chlorobenzene 1.43
    dimethyl carbonate 6.8
    n-octane 0.79
    formamide 376.39
    cyclopentanone 25.21
    2-pentanone 10.96
    anisole 4.55
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 10.83
    gamma-butyrolactone 49.91
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 66.76
    pyridine 5.7
    3-pentanone 5.81
    furfural 62.69
    n-dodecane 0.73
    diethylene glycol 136.71
    diisopropyl ether 3.14
    tert-amyl alcohol 28.2
    acetylacetone 29.07
    n-hexadecane 0.75
    acetophenone 9.02
    methyl propionate 8.4
    isopentyl acetate 9.29
    trichloroethylene 6.04
    n-nonanol 10.83
    cyclohexanol 14.39
    benzyl alcohol 10.12
    2-ethylhexanol 10.17
    isooctanol 12.42
    dipropyl ether 4.68
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 3.11
    ethyl lactate 12.07
    propylene carbonate 22.77
    n-methylformamide 71.58
    2-pentanol 8.99
    n-pentane 0.68
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 32.59
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 18.0
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 52.91
    mesitylene 2.9
    ε-caprolactone 28.54
    p-cymene 3.08
    epichlorohydrin 24.36
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 1.84
    2-aminoethanol 124.8
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 129.75
    sulfolane 158.18
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 1.08
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 16.69
    n-hexyl acetate 14.28
    isooctane 1.07
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 74.5
    sec-butyl acetate 3.62
    tert-butyl acetate 15.58
    decalin 0.98
    glycerin 190.48
    diglyme 106.16
    acrylic acid 60.01
    isopropyl myristate 6.54
    n-butyric acid 34.45
    acetyl acetate 9.82
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 13.85
    ethyl propionate 4.92
    nitromethane 114.98
    1,2-diethoxyethane 16.38
    benzonitrile 4.67
    trioctyl phosphate 11.17
    1-bromopropane 1.27
    gamma-valerolactone 75.14
    n-decanol 8.83
    triethyl phosphate 6.58
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 11.23
    propionitrile 2.81
    vinylene carbonate 17.22
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 59.84
    DMS 10.99
    cumene 1.89
    2-octanol 8.02
    2-hexanone 5.95
    octyl acetate 9.71
    limonene 4.81
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 49.6
    ethyl orthosilicate 6.29
    tributyl phosphate 11.3
    diacetone alcohol 55.18
    N,N-dimethylaniline 7.08
    acrylonitrile 6.16
    aniline 4.05
    1,3-propanediol 105.97
    bromobenzene 1.01
    dibromomethane 2.13
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 6.36
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 9.29
    tetrabutyl urea 17.83
    diisobutyl methanol 9.24
    2-phenylethanol 12.85
    styrene 1.02
    dioctyl adipate 12.9
    dimethyl sulfate 27.89
    ethyl butyrate 6.46
    methyl lactate 26.58
    butyl lactate 18.28
    diethyl carbonate 3.97
    propanediol butyl ether 53.65
    triethyl orthoformate 6.32
    p-tert-butyltoluene 3.44
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 26.51
    morpholine 31.47
    tert-butylamine 11.18
    n-dodecanol 7.1
    dimethoxymethane 30.52
    ethylene carbonate 13.11
    cyrene 51.27
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 18.38
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 6.09
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 4.23
    4-methylpyridine 4.73
    dibutyl ether 4.95
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 9.24
    DEF 25.88
    dimethyl isosorbide 70.19
    tetrachloroethylene 8.19
    eugenol 31.49
    triacetin 21.42
    span 80 50.03
    1,4-butanediol 56.64
    1,1-dichloroethane 1.36
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 13.68
    methyl formate 51.17
    2-methyl-1-butanol 13.48
    n-decane 0.94
    butyronitrile 3.55
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 12.56
    1-chlorooctane 2.73
    1-chlorotetradecane 1.61
    n-nonane 0.87
    undecane 0.81
    tert-butylcyclohexane 1.0
    cyclooctane 0.78
    cyclopentanol 19.04
    tetrahydropyran 7.37
    tert-amyl methyl ether 8.85
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 97.36
    1-hexene 1.27
    2-isopropoxyethanol 37.83
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 77.18
    methyl butyrate 8.47

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction