1,4-Dibutyl (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioate

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    2385-79-7

    Molecular formula
    C12H22O5

    SMILES
    CCCCOC(=O)C[C@@H](C(=O)OCCCC)O

    Safety labels

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Fruity 85.28%
    Winey 64.37%
    Oily 53.49%
    Fatty 49.83%
    Caramellic 46.49%
    Herbal 45.89%
    Sweet 45.69%
    Buttery 38.8%
    Apple 36.75%
    Fermented 34.86%

     

    Flavor
    Fruity 52.33%
    Waxy 41.27%
    Creamy 31.1%
    Mild 30.54%
    Fatty 29.61%
    Odorless 29.12%
    Cheese 28.94%
    Wine 28.32%
    Fruit 24.87%
    Grape 24.15%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    1.8

    pKa est.
    6.44 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    246.3 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    293°C

    Flash point

    • 137.96 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • 1,4-Dibutyl (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioate
    • 2385-79-7
    • RefChem:220451
    • dibutyl (s)-malate
    • DTXSID301283232
    • dibutyl (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioate
    • 2385-79-7

  • Applications

    1,4-Dibutyl (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioate is primarily used as a bio-based plasticizer for polymers, including PVC and coatings, improving flexibility and processability. It also serves as a processing aid and co-solvent in coatings, inks, and adhesives, aiding film formation and pigment compatibility. In adhesive and sealant formulations, it can function as a plasticizer and compatibility agent. It is also evaluated as an environmentally friendly alternative plasticizer for wood finishes and other coatings, and may be used as an emollient or solvent in cosmetic formulations, subject to local regulations and formulation limits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 685.43
    methanol 1380.32
    isopropanol 411.47
    water 2.19
    ethyl acetate 669.96
    n-propanol 451.62
    acetone 1237.66
    n-butanol 358.78
    acetonitrile 687.57
    DMF 2390.35
    toluene 204.93
    isobutanol 323.92
    1,4-dioxane 609.32
    methyl acetate 688.54
    THF 1087.81
    2-butanone 726.94
    n-pentanol 258.04
    sec-butanol 387.2
    n-hexane 19.45
    ethylene glycol 178.7
    NMP 2350.07
    cyclohexane 50.45
    DMSO 3600.55
    n-butyl acetate 399.8
    n-octanol 94.47
    chloroform 1026.16
    n-propyl acetate 406.99
    acetic acid 1431.47
    dichloromethane 1287.81
    cyclohexanone 1166.11
    propylene glycol 213.25
    isopropyl acetate 403.06
    DMAc 2260.59
    2-ethoxyethanol 590.93
    isopentanol 335.78
    n-heptane 9.27
    ethyl formate 453.43
    1,2-dichloroethane 1128.86
    n-hexanol 175.23
    2-methoxyethanol 1142.04
    isobutyl acetate 210.34
    tetrachloromethane 129.81
    n-pentyl acetate 222.19
    transcutol 1517.94
    n-heptanol 88.77
    ethylbenzene 129.6
    MIBK 305.73
    2-propoxyethanol 411.72
    tert-butanol 589.46
    MTBE 368.41
    2-butoxyethanol 263.23
    propionic acid 675.53
    o-xylene 180.75
    formic acid 748.64
    diethyl ether 291.6
    m-xylene 144.16
    p-xylene 193.86
    chlorobenzene 364.72
    dimethyl carbonate 295.91
    n-octane 5.86
    formamide 1379.23
    cyclopentanone 1360.65
    2-pentanone 553.84
    anisole 296.84
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 511.63
    gamma-butyrolactone 1779.36
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 680.87
    pyridine 802.26
    3-pentanone 417.68
    furfural 1321.16
    n-dodecane 5.33
    diethylene glycol 404.51
    diisopropyl ether 83.89
    tert-amyl alcohol 497.82
    acetylacetone 898.33
    n-hexadecane 6.21
    acetophenone 442.54
    methyl propionate 593.82
    isopentyl acetate 358.16
    trichloroethylene 1886.79
    n-nonanol 83.62
    cyclohexanol 448.7
    benzyl alcohol 323.92
    2-ethylhexanol 109.21
    isooctanol 78.06
    dipropyl ether 103.24
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 392.8
    ethyl lactate 216.72
    propylene carbonate 822.72
    n-methylformamide 1091.06
    2-pentanol 249.41
    n-pentane 16.68
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 271.89
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 377.62
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 308.64
    mesitylene 91.31
    ε-caprolactone 960.09
    p-cymene 70.04
    epichlorohydrin 1501.26
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 684.9
    2-aminoethanol 388.21
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 1363.45
    sulfolane 2411.87
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 17.36
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 758.11
    n-hexyl acetate 286.71
    isooctane 9.36
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 398.64
    sec-butyl acetate 254.56
    tert-butyl acetate 433.4
    decalin 32.36
    glycerin 360.78
    diglyme 827.34
    acrylic acid 680.83
    isopropyl myristate 91.35
    n-butyric acid 823.35
    acetyl acetate 540.51
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 121.49
    ethyl propionate 348.24
    nitromethane 2446.06
    1,2-diethoxyethane 340.42
    benzonitrile 366.58
    trioctyl phosphate 82.55
    1-bromopropane 375.34
    gamma-valerolactone 1722.06
    n-decanol 57.81
    triethyl phosphate 155.18
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 127.91
    propionitrile 409.27
    vinylene carbonate 715.27
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 1268.42
    DMS 349.46
    cumene 88.88
    2-octanol 64.04
    2-hexanone 335.08
    octyl acetate 124.2
    limonene 115.4
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 867.33
    ethyl orthosilicate 139.1
    tributyl phosphate 126.07
    diacetone alcohol 532.8
    N,N-dimethylaniline 241.11
    acrylonitrile 635.76
    aniline 353.89
    1,3-propanediol 492.69
    bromobenzene 354.99
    dibromomethane 758.58
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 1566.29
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 231.63
    tetrabutyl urea 168.95
    diisobutyl methanol 71.14
    2-phenylethanol 224.75
    styrene 176.69
    dioctyl adipate 187.92
    dimethyl sulfate 656.93
    ethyl butyrate 256.82
    methyl lactate 356.83
    butyl lactate 236.71
    diethyl carbonate 191.76
    propanediol butyl ether 296.48
    triethyl orthoformate 172.77
    p-tert-butyltoluene 65.34
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 285.92
    morpholine 952.98
    tert-butylamine 292.34
    n-dodecanol 42.94
    dimethoxymethane 717.5
    ethylene carbonate 592.39
    cyrene 382.76
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 356.86
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 259.2
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 508.06
    4-methylpyridine 837.99
    dibutyl ether 118.26
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 71.14
    DEF 922.89
    dimethyl isosorbide 550.78
    tetrachloroethylene 939.31
    eugenol 266.35
    triacetin 373.65
    span 80 251.0
    1,4-butanediol 209.73
    1,1-dichloroethane 757.05
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 270.73
    methyl formate 752.49
    2-methyl-1-butanol 333.61
    n-decane 9.0
    butyronitrile 383.84
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 110.13
    1-chlorooctane 62.38
    1-chlorotetradecane 23.13
    n-nonane 8.31
    undecane 6.53
    tert-butylcyclohexane 23.22
    cyclooctane 13.47
    cyclopentanol 521.06
    tetrahydropyran 561.66
    tert-amyl methyl ether 308.55
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 539.54
    1-hexene 96.05
    2-isopropoxyethanol 359.07
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 544.26
    methyl butyrate 551.96

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction