1,1',1''-(1,2,3-Propanetriyl) tris(2-hydroxypropanoate)

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    537-32-6

    Molecular formula
    C12H20O9

    SMILES
    CC(C(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C(C)O)OC(=O)C(C)O)O

    Safety labels

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Buttery 58.53%
    Caramellic 51.62%
    Sweet 44.71%
    Creamy 39.0%
    Fatty 38.6%
    Milky 35.36%
    Odorless 35.27%
    Fruity 30.4%
    Winey 28.52%
    Lactonic 28.34%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 48.19%
    Mild 32.76%
    Fruity 32.57%
    Very mild 31.25%
    Creamy 30.36%
    Bitter 28.24%
    Bland 26.83%
    Waxy 26.11%
    Sweet-like 24.05%
    Buttery 22.94%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -0.8

    pKa est.
    4.93 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    308.28 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    515°C

    Flash point

    • 196.5 ˚C est.

  • Synonyms

    • Trilactin
    • 537-32-6
    • 9ATF4982XB
    • PELEMOL GTL
    • RefChem:1051467
    • 1,1',1''-(1,2,3-Propanetriyl) tris(2-hydroxypropanoate)
    • 208-664-5
    • Propane-1,2,3-triyl trilactate
    • 2,3-bis(2-hydroxypropanoyloxy)propyl 2-hydroxypropanoate
    • propane-1,2,3-triyl tris(2-hydroxypropanoate)
    • EINECS 208-664-5
    • UNII-9ATF4982XB
    • GLYCERYL TRILACTATE
    • Loxoprofen Impurity 155
    • GLYCEROL, TRILACTATE
    • SCHEMBL29384224
    • QFZKSWMAYXNSEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    • NS00014176
    • LACTIC ACID, 1,2,3-PROPANETRIYL ESTER
    • Q27272284
    • PROPANOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, 1,2,3-PROPANETRIYL ESTER
    • PROPANOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, 1,1',1''-(1,2,3-PROPANETRIYL) ESTER
    • 537-32-6

  • Applications

    1,1',1''-(1,2,3-Propanetriyl) tris(2-hydroxypropanoate) (CAS 537-32-6) is primarily used as a plasticizer for biopolymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and other biodegradable polyesters to improve flexibility and processability. It also acts as a humectant and emollient in cosmetics and personal care formulations, contributing to moisture retention and skin feel. In formulation chemistry, it can serve as a processing aid and co-solvent in coatings, inks, and adhesive systems, and may be employed as an intermediate in ester synthesis for producing related esters and specialty chemicals. It may also be used as a solvent or carrier in certain formulation systems.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 42.8
    methanol 109.91
    isopropanol 26.29
    water 68.48
    ethyl acetate 22.29
    n-propanol 24.67
    acetone 74.03
    n-butanol 15.03
    acetonitrile 23.26
    DMF 493.58
    toluene 5.89
    isobutanol 13.84
    1,4-dioxane 52.15
    methyl acetate 29.02
    THF 65.6
    2-butanone 28.82
    n-pentanol 11.8
    sec-butanol 18.39
    n-hexane 1.78
    ethylene glycol 60.22
    NMP 421.71
    cyclohexane 3.01
    DMSO 1383.53
    n-butyl acetate 7.15
    n-octanol 9.93
    chloroform 16.48
    n-propyl acetate 9.68
    acetic acid 127.3
    dichloromethane 30.91
    cyclohexanone 46.63
    propylene glycol 42.82
    isopropyl acetate 12.71
    DMAc 460.22
    2-ethoxyethanol 83.23
    isopentanol 10.96
    n-heptane 2.3
    ethyl formate 29.01
    1,2-dichloroethane 29.36
    n-hexanol 6.7
    2-methoxyethanol 161.34
    isobutyl acetate 3.67
    tetrachloromethane 2.94
    n-pentyl acetate 8.8
    transcutol 117.99
    n-heptanol 7.85
    ethylbenzene 4.3
    MIBK 11.62
    2-propoxyethanol 40.82
    tert-butanol 34.12
    MTBE 16.51
    2-butoxyethanol 26.11
    propionic acid 46.89
    o-xylene 8.54
    formic acid 276.82
    diethyl ether 16.63
    m-xylene 5.21
    p-xylene 5.56
    chlorobenzene 5.23
    dimethyl carbonate 40.56
    n-octane 1.58
    formamide 358.75
    cyclopentanone 69.18
    2-pentanone 22.7
    anisole 13.27
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 26.11
    gamma-butyrolactone 119.9
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 90.55
    pyridine 30.18
    3-pentanone 23.4
    furfural 114.85
    n-dodecane 1.02
    diethylene glycol 67.81
    diisopropyl ether 5.1
    tert-amyl alcohol 28.39
    acetylacetone 54.8
    n-hexadecane 1.12
    acetophenone 21.83
    methyl propionate 39.26
    isopentyl acetate 6.12
    trichloroethylene 38.42
    n-nonanol 9.42
    cyclohexanol 18.55
    benzyl alcohol 17.88
    2-ethylhexanol 4.65
    isooctanol 5.96
    dipropyl ether 10.24
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 7.8
    ethyl lactate 20.75
    propylene carbonate 41.68
    n-methylformamide 187.52
    2-pentanol 10.07
    n-pentane 1.86
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 26.33
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 19.38
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 38.52
    mesitylene 3.95
    ε-caprolactone 48.36
    p-cymene 3.56
    epichlorohydrin 71.0
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 8.6
    2-aminoethanol 64.97
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 243.99
    sulfolane 358.65
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 1.28
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 32.69
    n-hexyl acetate 12.62
    isooctane 0.5
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 43.91
    sec-butyl acetate 5.53
    tert-butyl acetate 14.51
    decalin 1.52
    glycerin 107.96
    diglyme 93.24
    acrylic acid 65.55
    isopropyl myristate 5.12
    n-butyric acid 32.03
    acetyl acetate 19.02
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 8.81
    ethyl propionate 13.6
    nitromethane 245.28
    1,2-diethoxyethane 21.93
    benzonitrile 9.91
    trioctyl phosphate 7.12
    1-bromopropane 8.42
    gamma-valerolactone 155.31
    n-decanol 7.25
    triethyl phosphate 10.08
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 5.14
    propionitrile 12.42
    vinylene carbonate 44.18
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 116.12
    DMS 20.69
    cumene 3.41
    2-octanol 5.98
    2-hexanone 10.63
    octyl acetate 8.07
    limonene 5.71
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 103.5
    ethyl orthosilicate 8.68
    tributyl phosphate 7.36
    diacetone alcohol 36.9
    N,N-dimethylaniline 18.15
    acrylonitrile 23.94
    aniline 12.68
    1,3-propanediol 56.05
    bromobenzene 4.56
    dibromomethane 16.69
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 36.33
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 7.98
    tetrabutyl urea 15.49
    diisobutyl methanol 4.37
    2-phenylethanol 9.5
    styrene 4.51
    dioctyl adipate 11.83
    dimethyl sulfate 141.43
    ethyl butyrate 9.12
    methyl lactate 56.02
    butyl lactate 15.38
    diethyl carbonate 7.43
    propanediol butyl ether 34.98
    triethyl orthoformate 10.12
    p-tert-butyltoluene 3.61
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 28.21
    morpholine 70.35
    tert-butylamine 14.09
    n-dodecanol 5.55
    dimethoxymethane 147.36
    ethylene carbonate 31.32
    cyrene 56.2
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 18.72
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 4.78
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 11.04
    4-methylpyridine 24.66
    dibutyl ether 7.58
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 4.37
    DEF 77.68
    dimethyl isosorbide 51.32
    tetrachloroethylene 26.19
    eugenol 23.96
    triacetin 29.23
    span 80 26.48
    1,4-butanediol 30.39
    1,1-dichloroethane 10.77
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 8.89
    methyl formate 134.66
    2-methyl-1-butanol 12.62
    n-decane 1.83
    butyronitrile 9.2
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 7.12
    1-chlorooctane 4.39
    1-chlorotetradecane 2.02
    n-nonane 1.85
    undecane 1.34
    tert-butylcyclohexane 1.07
    cyclooctane 1.79
    cyclopentanol 23.15
    tetrahydropyran 20.82
    tert-amyl methyl ether 19.0
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 69.85
    1-hexene 3.28
    2-isopropoxyethanol 35.51
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 90.66
    methyl butyrate 19.05

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction