Theobromine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    83-67-0

    Molecular formula
    C7H8N4O2

    SMILES
    CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)NC(=O)N2C

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Health Hazard
    Health

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 61.53%
    Bitter 31.47%
    Burnt 27.29%
    Roasted 18.09%
    Nutty 17.33%
    Musty 17.05%
    Pungent 14.7%
    Cooked 14.61%
    Animal 14.61%
    Popcorn 14.18%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 93.31%
    Odorless 41.09%
    Nitrile 20.15%
    Bread crust 20.14%
    Very strong 19.69%
    Cedarleaf 19.55%
    Sweet-like 19.38%
    Formyl 19.27%
    Rotten 19.26%
    Indole 19.25%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -0.8

    pKa est.
    8.67 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    180.16 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 675 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 357 °C

    Boiling point

    • Sublimes at 554-563 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • Sublimes 290-295 °C

    Flash point

    • 226.77 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • less than 1 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 330 mg/L (at 25 °C)
    • In water, 330 mg/L at 25 °C
    • In water, 500 mg/L, temp not specified
    • Slightly soluble in water
    • One gram dissolves in about 200 mL water, 150 mL boiling water
    • For more Solubility (Complete) data for 3,7-Dimethylxanthine (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
    • 0.33 mg/mL at 25 °C

  • Synonyms

    • theobromine
    • 83-67-0
    • 3,7-Dimethylxanthine
    • Diurobromine
    • Theosalvose
    • Santheose
    • Teobromin
    • Theostene
    • Thesodate
    • Thesal
    • 3,7-Dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione
    • 3,7-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione
    • Theobromin
    • Xantheose
    • Xanthine, 3,7-dimethyl-
    • 3,7-Dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione
    • FEMA No. 3591
    • Theobrominum
    • Theobromine (natural)
    • 2,6-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethylpurine
    • SC 15090
    • 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-
    • NSC 5039
    • MFCD00022830
    • CCRIS 2350
    • BRN 0016464
    • HSDB 7332
    • UNII-OBD445WZ5P
    • NSC-5039
    • 519-41-5
    • EINECS 201-494-2
    • 2,6-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-purine
    • OBD445WZ5P
    • DTXSID9026132
    • CHEBI:28946
    • 3,7-dimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione
    • CHEMBL1114
    • SC-15090
    • DTXCID506132
    • NSC5039
    • 5-26-13-00553 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • Theobromine (3,7-Dimethylxanthine)
    • 3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione
    • CAS-83-67-0
    • NCGC00016023-11
    • THEOBROMINE (IARC)
    • THEOBROMINE [IARC]
    • THEOBROMINE (MART.)
    • THEOBROMINE [MART.]
    • THEOBROMINE (EP IMPURITY)
    • THEOBROMINE [EP IMPURITY]
    • 7-Dimethylxanthine
    • PENTOXIFYLLINE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY)
    • PENTOXIFYLLINE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
    • SR-01000000069
    • Theobromine [INN:BAN:NF]
    • 37T
    • Prestwick_1054
    • Theobromine(20%)
    • 3,7-dimethylxanthin
    • Spectrum_000053
    • Theobromine (Standard)
    • 3,7-Dimethyl-xanthine
    • Caffeine EP impurity D
    • THEOBROMINE [MI]
    • Prestwick0_000874
    • Prestwick1_000874
    • Prestwick2_000874
    • Prestwick3_000874
    • Spectrum2_000985
    • Spectrum3_000279
    • Spectrum4_000403
    • Spectrum5_001387
    • Lopac-T-4500
    • THEOBROMINE [FHFI]
    • THEOBROMINE [HSDB]
    • THEOBROMINE [VANDF]
    • THEOBROMINUM [HPUS]
    • SCHEMBL3184
    • Theobromine, >=98.0%
    • 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-trihydropurine-2,6-dione
    • Lopac0_001187
    • BSPBio_000947
    • BSPBio_001758
    • KBioGR_000666
    • KBioSS_000433
    • THEOBROMINE [WHO-DD]
    • MLS000028407
    • DivK1c_000611
    • SPECTRUM1500649
    • SPBio_001049
    • SPBio_002868
    • BPBio1_001043
    • Theobromine, analytical standard
    • HMS501O13
    • HY-N0138R
    • KBio1_000611
    • KBio2_000433
    • KBio2_003001
    • KBio2_005569
    • KBio3_001258
    • YAPQBXQYLJRXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-
    • NINDS_000611
    • HMS1570P09
    • HMS1921O13
    • HMS2092G04
    • HMS2097P09
    • HMS3263N15
    • HMS3714P09
    • Pharmakon1600-01500649
    • HY-N0138
    • Theobromine 0.1 mg/ml in Methanol
    • Theobromine, >=98.0% (HPLC)
    • Tox21_110284
    • Tox21_300016
    • Tox21_501187
    • BBL034679
    • BDBM50014260
    • CCG-40078
    • NSC757407
    • PDSP1_001017
    • PDSP2_001001
    • s2368
    • STL419465
    • AKOS000121558
    • Tox21_110284_1
    • 5-26-13-00553 (Beilstein)
    • CS-7972

  • Applications

    Theobromine (CAS 83-67-0) is a methylxanthine alkaloid naturally occurring in cacao and chocolate, contributing to bitterness and providing mild stimulant activity in cocoa-based foods and nutraceuticals. In industrial and pharmaceutical contexts, it is considered a mild stimulant and has bronchodilator potential, and may serve as an intermediate or starting material in the synthesis of other xanthine-based drugs. Cosmetics and personal care applications include marketing theobromine in cellulite-targeting formulations as a lipolysis-promoting ingredient, though effectiveness can vary and depend on formulation. In chemical synthesis, theobromine is used as a starting material or intermediate for preparing other xanthine derivatives and related pharmaceutical intermediates. Within the food sector, theobromine is recognized as a natural component of cocoa-derived products and may be considered for functional product formulations subject to local regulation.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 0.07
    methanol 0.17
    isopropanol 0.08
    water 0.87
    ethyl acetate 0.04
    n-propanol 0.06
    acetone 0.06
    n-butanol 0.12
    acetonitrile 0.19
    DMF 1.65
    toluene 0.03
    isobutanol 0.13
    1,4-dioxane 0.15
    methyl acetate 0.13
    THF 0.77
    2-butanone 0.18
    n-pentanol 0.15
    sec-butanol 0.14
    n-hexane 0.01
    ethylene glycol 0.72
    NMP 6.78
    cyclohexane 0.01
    DMSO 6.32
    n-butyl acetate 0.45
    n-octanol 0.25
    chloroform 0.49
    n-propyl acetate 0.15
    acetic acid 0.54
    dichloromethane 0.76
    cyclohexanone 0.79
    propylene glycol 0.55
    isopropyl acetate 0.06
    DMAc 4.29
    2-ethoxyethanol 0.91
    isopentanol 0.28
    n-heptane 0.02
    ethyl formate 0.22
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.39
    n-hexanol 0.35
    2-methoxyethanol 1.93
    isobutyl acetate 0.17
    tetrachloromethane 0.12
    n-pentyl acetate 0.44
    transcutol 1.33
    n-heptanol 0.41
    ethylbenzene 0.06
    MIBK 0.23
    2-propoxyethanol 2.18
    tert-butanol 0.24
    MTBE 0.06
    2-butoxyethanol 1.88
    propionic acid 0.4
    o-xylene 0.07
    formic acid 2.59
    diethyl ether 0.02
    m-xylene 0.05
    p-xylene 0.13
    chlorobenzene 0.13
    dimethyl carbonate 0.22
    n-octane 0.01
    formamide 2.63
    cyclopentanone 1.34
    2-pentanone 0.12
    anisole 0.15
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 0.21
    gamma-butyrolactone 2.13
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 1.21
    pyridine 0.46
    3-pentanone 0.11
    furfural 4.36
    n-dodecane 0.01
    diethylene glycol 4.35
    diisopropyl ether 0.02
    tert-amyl alcohol 0.36
    acetylacetone 0.18
    n-hexadecane 0.01
    acetophenone 0.49
    methyl propionate 0.12
    isopentyl acetate 0.69
    trichloroethylene 0.89
    n-nonanol 0.27
    cyclohexanol 0.22
    benzyl alcohol 0.48
    2-ethylhexanol 0.38
    isooctanol 0.44
    dipropyl ether 0.12
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.29
    ethyl lactate 0.72
    propylene carbonate 1.2
    n-methylformamide 0.73
    2-pentanol 0.09
    n-pentane 0.0
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 1.63
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 0.7
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 2.28
    mesitylene 0.05
    ε-caprolactone 1.0
    p-cymene 0.17
    epichlorohydrin 2.17
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.25
    2-aminoethanol 0.57
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 3.45
    sulfolane 8.45
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.01
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 0.39
    n-hexyl acetate 0.44
    isooctane 0.01
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 1.88
    sec-butyl acetate 0.11
    tert-butyl acetate 0.15
    decalin 0.01
    glycerin 3.7
    diglyme 2.6
    acrylic acid 0.85
    isopropyl myristate 0.23
    n-butyric acid 0.37
    acetyl acetate 0.06
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.93
    ethyl propionate 0.14
    nitromethane 0.92
    1,2-diethoxyethane 0.21
    benzonitrile 0.69
    trioctyl phosphate 0.68
    1-bromopropane 0.13
    gamma-valerolactone 2.83
    n-decanol 0.22
    triethyl phosphate 0.76
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.14
    propionitrile 0.21
    vinylene carbonate 1.04
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 4.49
    DMS 0.46
    cumene 0.09
    2-octanol 0.26
    2-hexanone 0.29
    octyl acetate 0.35
    limonene 0.18
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 1.09
    ethyl orthosilicate 0.61
    tributyl phosphate 0.71
    diacetone alcohol 0.96
    N,N-dimethylaniline 0.27
    acrylonitrile 0.52
    aniline 0.18
    1,3-propanediol 0.76
    bromobenzene 0.11
    dibromomethane 0.36
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.88
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 0.67
    tetrabutyl urea 1.14
    diisobutyl methanol 0.24
    2-phenylethanol 0.74
    styrene 0.04
    dioctyl adipate 0.47
    dimethyl sulfate 1.71
    ethyl butyrate 0.32
    methyl lactate 1.04
    butyl lactate 1.33
    diethyl carbonate 0.38
    propanediol butyl ether 1.58
    triethyl orthoformate 0.49
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.14
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 1.46
    morpholine 0.33
    tert-butylamine 0.09
    n-dodecanol 0.16
    dimethoxymethane 0.41
    ethylene carbonate 0.62
    cyrene 4.01
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 0.57
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.55
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.5
    4-methylpyridine 0.41
    dibutyl ether 0.12
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.24
    DEF 0.38
    dimethyl isosorbide 4.18
    tetrachloroethylene 0.57
    eugenol 2.32
    triacetin 0.65
    span 80 1.46
    1,4-butanediol 0.5
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.17
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 0.32
    methyl formate 0.54
    2-methyl-1-butanol 0.26
    n-decane 0.02
    butyronitrile 0.22
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 0.33
    1-chlorooctane 0.1
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.05
    n-nonane 0.01
    undecane 0.01
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.02
    cyclooctane 0.0
    cyclopentanol 0.45
    tetrahydropyran 0.08
    tert-amyl methyl ether 0.11
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 2.51
    1-hexene 0.03
    2-isopropoxyethanol 0.62
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 1.27
    methyl butyrate 0.3

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction