Carbon Dioxide

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    124-38-9

    Molecular formula
    CO2

    SMILES
    C(=O)=O

    Safety labels

    Compressed Gas
    Compressed Gas

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 90.36%
    Sharp 26.93%
    Pungent 25.98%
    Sour 24.33%
    Burnt 22.6%
    Bitter 16.66%
    Caramellic 13.77%
    Ethereal 12.47%
    Aromatic 10.96%
    Clean 10.7%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 61.35%
    Bitter 45.79%
    Pungent 29.2%
    Formyl 26.1%
    Vinegar 25.97%
    Rotten 23.27%
    Mustard 22.83%
    Mousy 19.87%
    Decomposing cabbage 19.22%
    Sulfur 19.21%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

    Odor threshold

    • Odorless

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    0.9

    pKa est.
    5.69 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    44.009 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra fast

    Melting point expt.

    • -109.3 °F (USCG, 1999)
    • -109 °F (Sublimes) (NIOSH, 2024)
    • -56.558 °C (triple point)
    • -56.5 °C
    • -109 °F (sublimes)
    • -109 °F (Sublimes)

    Boiling point

    • Sublimes (NIOSH, 2024)
    • -78.464 °C (sublimes)
    • sublimes
    • Sublimes

    Flash point

    • -3.84 ˚C est.
    • Not applicable

    Solubility expt.

    • 0.2 % at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
    • 0.2 % at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
    • 0.2 % at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
    • In water, 2.9X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C
    • Solubility in water (mL CO2/100 mL H2O at 760 mm Hg): 171 at 0 °C; 88 at 20 °C; 36 at 60 °C
    • Solubility in water: 0.704X10-3 mole fraction of CO2 in the liquid phase at 25 °C (gas at a partial pressure of 101.325 kPa in equilibrium with the solution)
    • Miscible with water (1.7 v/v at 0 °C, 0.76 v/v at 25 °C at 760 mm Hg partial pressure of CO2).
    • For more Solubility (Complete) data for Carbon dioxide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
    • 1.48 mg/mL at 25 °C
    • Solubility in water, g/l: 2 (slightly soluble)
    • (77 °F): 0.2%

  • Synonyms

    • carbon dioxide
    • carbonic anhydride
    • Dry ice
    • 124-38-9
    • carbonic acid gas
    • Carbonic acid anhydride
    • Carbonica
    • Kohlendioxyd
    • Kohlensaure
    • Khladon 744
    • After-damp
    • AER Fixus
    • Anhydride carbonique
    • Carbon oxide, di-
    • methanedione
    • CO2
    • Caswell No. 163
    • HSDB 516
    • Dioxido de carbono
    • Dioxyde de carbone
    • dioxidocarbon
    • R 744
    • Dioxomethane
    • Cardice
    • Drikold
    • EINECS 204-696-9
    • UN1013
    • UN1845
    • UN2187
    • Carbon-12 dioxide
    • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 016601
    • INS NO.290
    • UNII-142M471B3J
    • CHEBI:16526
    • Carbon oxide (CO2)
    • Dry ice (solid form)
    • Carbon dioxide [USP]
    • INS-290
    • E-290
    • 142M471B3J
    • E290
    • DTXSID4027028
    • Carbon dioxide (USP)
    • E 290
    • CARBON DIOXIDE (II)
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [II]
    • 18923-20-1
    • CARBON DIOXIDE (MART.)
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [MART.]
    • Kohlensaure [German]
    • Kohlendioxyd [German]
    • (CO2)
    • [CO2]
    • CARBON DIOXIDE (EP IMPURITY)
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [EP IMPURITY]
    • CARBON DIOXIDE (EP MONOGRAPH)
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]
    • Dioxide, Carbon
    • CARBON DIOXIDE (USP MONOGRAPH)
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]
    • Dioxyde de carbone [French]
    • Anhydride, Carbonic
    • Dioxido de carbono [Spanish]
    • Anhydride carbonique [French]
    • 18983-82-9
    • epoxyketone
    • Dricold
    • carbon dioxid
    • dry-ice
    • Dioxomethane #
    • methane, dioxo-
    • Carbon dioxide, refrigerated liquid
    • Carbonic acid, gas
    • Makr carbon dioxide
    • Dry ice .
    • Carbon dioxide (TN)
    • CARBON-DIOXIDE
    • Carbon Dioxide Refrigerated
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [MI]
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [FCC]
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [JAN]
    • Carbon dioxide (JP18/USP)
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [HSDB]
    • Carbon dioxide, >=99.8%
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [VANDF]
    • DTXCID507028
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [WHO-DD]
    • CHEMBL1231871
    • BDBM10856
    • CARBON DIOXIDE, COMPRESSED
    • Carbon dioxide, solid or dry ice
    • CARBON DIOXIDE [GREEN BOOK]
    • Carbonic dioxide (Refrigerated liquid)
    • DB09157
    • UN 1013
    • UN 1845
    • UN 2187
    • USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 016601
    • Carbon dioxide, puriss., >=99.998%
    • NS00076302
    • Q1997
    • R-744
    • C00011
    • Carbon dioxide [UN1013] [Nonflammable gas]
    • Carbon dioxide, Messer(R) CANgas, 99.995%
    • D00004
    • Carbon dioxide, solid or dry ice [UN1845] [Class 9]
    • Carbon dioxide (99.8%), cylinder of 14 L, analytical standard
    • Carbon dioxide (99.8%), cylinder of 48 L, analytical standard
    • Carbon dioxide, refrigerated liquid [UN2187] [Nonflammable gas]
    • 204-696-9

  • Applications

    Carbon Dioxide (CAS 124-38-9) is widely used across industries: carbonation of beverages and modified atmosphere packaging to extend shelf life; as a solvent/processing medium in supercritical CO2 extraction for flavors, fragrances, and certain cosmetics ingredients; as a blowing agent for plastics and polyurethane foams; as a refrigerant (R-744) in air conditioning and industrial cooling systems; as an inert purge and cleaning gas in chemical and electronics manufacturing; for cleaning surfaces by dry ice blasting; and for CO2 enrichment in greenhouse crop production.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 97.28
    methanol 150.45
    isopropanol 81.27
    water 25.87
    ethyl acetate 23.41
    n-propanol 61.26
    acetone 65.36
    n-butanol 49.74
    acetonitrile 40.75
    DMF 351.33
    toluene 9.4
    isobutanol 39.88
    1,4-dioxane 64.39
    methyl acetate 36.18
    THF 95.41
    2-butanone 38.78
    n-pentanol 30.96
    sec-butanol 52.54
    n-hexane 5.85
    ethylene glycol 63.3
    NMP 159.73
    cyclohexane 4.96
    DMSO 322.76
    n-butyl acetate 14.12
    n-octanol 20.14
    chloroform 17.6
    n-propyl acetate 13.3
    acetic acid 55.5
    dichloromethane 25.14
    cyclohexanone 31.63
    propylene glycol 46.98
    isopropyl acetate 16.18
    DMAc 210.14
    2-ethoxyethanol 59.92
    isopentanol 35.79
    n-heptane 4.82
    ethyl formate 29.31
    1,2-dichloroethane 25.34
    n-hexanol 23.8
    2-methoxyethanol 135.68
    isobutyl acetate 7.17
    tetrachloromethane 5.89
    n-pentyl acetate 15.49
    transcutol 58.44
    n-heptanol 18.88
    ethylbenzene 5.74
    MIBK 18.1
    2-propoxyethanol 51.39
    tert-butanol 89.75
    MTBE 45.21
    2-butoxyethanol 36.89
    propionic acid 42.85
    o-xylene 10.81
    formic acid 67.36
    diethyl ether 42.18
    m-xylene 8.43
    p-xylene 7.1
    chlorobenzene 8.73
    dimethyl carbonate 31.35
    n-octane 2.72
    formamide 102.99
    cyclopentanone 53.14
    2-pentanone 30.57
    anisole 17.78
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 34.26
    gamma-butyrolactone 63.19
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 93.03
    pyridine 37.11
    3-pentanone 23.41
    furfural 55.96
    n-dodecane 2.6
    diethylene glycol 54.46
    diisopropyl ether 12.06
    tert-amyl alcohol 60.56
    acetylacetone 25.56
    n-hexadecane 2.68
    acetophenone 15.88
    methyl propionate 34.2
    isopentyl acetate 11.71
    trichloroethylene 22.53
    n-nonanol 17.86
    cyclohexanol 28.76
    benzyl alcohol 18.54
    2-ethylhexanol 12.69
    isooctanol 14.14
    dipropyl ether 18.57
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 8.81
    ethyl lactate 15.72
    propylene carbonate 26.11
    n-methylformamide 124.22
    2-pentanol 33.57
    n-pentane 8.26
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 35.68
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 18.66
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 30.48
    mesitylene 6.74
    ε-caprolactone 28.46
    p-cymene 6.09
    epichlorohydrin 51.68
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 11.7
    2-aminoethanol 76.41
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 108.55
    sulfolane 89.55
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 3.89
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 51.19
    n-hexyl acetate 19.01
    isooctane 2.93
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 37.99
    sec-butyl acetate 9.08
    tert-butyl acetate 18.32
    decalin 2.72
    glycerin 68.51
    diglyme 62.86
    acrylic acid 43.01
    isopropyl myristate 10.05
    n-butyric acid 34.14
    acetyl acetate 12.47
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 11.42
    ethyl propionate 15.36
    nitromethane 80.58
    1,2-diethoxyethane 22.19
    benzonitrile 14.35
    trioctyl phosphate 10.23
    1-bromopropane 18.97
    gamma-valerolactone 65.68
    n-decanol 14.29
    triethyl phosphate 10.24
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 17.85
    propionitrile 30.39
    vinylene carbonate 24.33
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 45.86
    DMS 16.0
    cumene 5.45
    2-octanol 15.18
    2-hexanone 15.73
    octyl acetate 13.94
    limonene 8.57
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 80.87
    ethyl orthosilicate 10.11
    tributyl phosphate 10.05
    diacetone alcohol 32.45
    N,N-dimethylaniline 20.57
    acrylonitrile 41.86
    aniline 22.05
    1,3-propanediol 71.05
    bromobenzene 6.3
    dibromomethane 18.06
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 25.7
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 9.72
    tetrabutyl urea 16.92
    diisobutyl methanol 10.32
    2-phenylethanol 15.3
    styrene 7.0
    dioctyl adipate 13.48
    dimethyl sulfate 55.55
    ethyl butyrate 11.86
    methyl lactate 37.37
    butyl lactate 15.76
    diethyl carbonate 9.46
    propanediol butyl ether 33.45
    triethyl orthoformate 11.87
    p-tert-butyltoluene 6.75
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 23.49
    morpholine 80.63
    tert-butylamine 51.76
    n-dodecanol 11.4
    dimethoxymethane 121.62
    ethylene carbonate 20.57
    cyrene 25.87
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 19.65
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 9.45
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 11.06
    4-methylpyridine 33.87
    dibutyl ether 14.25
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 10.32
    DEF 60.3
    dimethyl isosorbide 33.17
    tetrachloroethylene 19.39
    eugenol 26.27
    triacetin 17.31
    span 80 26.06
    1,4-butanediol 30.87
    1,1-dichloroethane 18.34
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 21.64
    methyl formate 76.17
    2-methyl-1-butanol 34.34
    n-decane 3.6
    butyronitrile 27.24
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 14.34
    1-chlorooctane 8.67
    1-chlorotetradecane 4.84
    n-nonane 3.5
    undecane 2.98
    tert-butylcyclohexane 2.85
    cyclooctane 2.32
    cyclopentanol 41.53
    tetrahydropyran 41.15
    tert-amyl methyl ether 36.23
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 47.89
    1-hexene 12.31
    2-isopropoxyethanol 35.04
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 28.95
    methyl butyrate 19.73

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction