Biphenyl

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    92-52-4

    Molecular formula
    C12H10

    SMILES
    C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Environmental Hazard
    Environmental

    Retention indicies (RI)

    • Carbowax: 1981.0

  • Odor profile

    Green 67.05%
    Rose 61.47%
    Metallic 60.61%
    Geranium 59.82%
    Pungent 57.57%
    Camphoreous 41.36%
    Sweet 36.28%
    Earthy 36.14%
    Leafy 34.01%
    Dry 29.32%

    Scent© AI

    Odor threshold>

    • Odor Threshold Low: 0.01 [mmHg]. Odor Threshold High: 0.05 [mmHg]. Odor threshold from CHEMINFO
    • low 0.0062 mg/cu m, high 0.3 mg/cu m
    • Odor threshold: detection: 0.0005 mg/kg

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    4.0

    Molecular weight
    154.21 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 156 to 160 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 69 °C
    • 71 °C
    • 70 °C
    • 156 °F

    Boiling point

    • 489 to 491 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
    • 256.1 °C
    • 256.10 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
    • 256 °C
    • 489 °F

    Flash point est.
    110.7 ˚C

    Flash point expt.

    • 235 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 235 °F
    • 235 °F, 113 °C, (Closed cup)
    • 113 °C c.c.

    Solubility expt.

    • Insoluble (NTP, 1992)
    • Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether; very soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, and methanol.
    • Soluble in alcohol, ether; very soluble in benzene
    • Soluble in oxygenated and chlorinated solvents.
    • In water, 7.48 mg/L at 25 °C
    • 0.00748 mg/mL at 25 °C
    • Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.0004
    • Insoluble in water
    • Soluble (in ethanol)
    • Insoluble

  • Synonyms

    • Biphenyl
    • 1,1'-Biphenyl
    • 92-52-4
    • Phenylbenzene
    • DIPHENYL
    • 1,1'-Diphenyl
    • Bibenzene
    • Xenene
    • Phenador-X
    • Lemonene
    • Tetrosin LY
    • Carolid AL
    • PHPH
    • Biphenyl [BSI:ISO]
    • 1,1-Biphenyl
    • DIPHENYL-4-D1
    • Caswell No. 087
    • FEMA No. 3129
    • CCRIS 935
    • NSC 14916
    • HSDB 530
    • UNII-2L9GJK6MGN
    • MCS 1572
    • EINECS 202-163-5
    • CP 390
    • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 017002
    • DTXSID4020161
    • CHEBI:17097
    • 1, 1'-Diphenyl
    • AI3-00036
    • BIPHENYL [FHFI]
    • BIPHENYL [HSDB]
    • BIPHENYL [ISO]
    • DIPHENYL [MI]
    • MFCD00003054
    • NSC-14916
    • 2L9GJK6MGN
    • DIPHENYL [MART.]
    • 4819-98-1
    • BIPHENYL [USP-RS]
    • E230
    • CHEMBL14092
    • DTXCID60161
    • INS NO.230
    • FEMA 3129
    • INS-230
    • EC 202-163-5
    • E-230
    • DIPHENYL (MART.)
    • BIPHENYL (USP-RS)
    • BNL
    • CAS-92-52-4
    • Diphenyl (Biphenyl)
    • Biphenyl-4,4'-d2
    • diphenyl, 14C-labeled
    • Dibenzene
    • meta biphenyl
    • bi-phenyl
    • 4-Biphenyl
    • Diphenyl (OSHA)
    • Biphenyl-UL-14C
    • 4,4'-biphenyl
    • 1,1''-biphenyl
    • Biphenyl, >=99%
    • WLN: RR
    • Biphenyl (ACGIH:OSHA)
    • 1,1'-Biphenyl, 9CI
    • bmse000506
    • Biphenyl, analytical standard
    • Phenylbenzene, 1,1'Biphenyl
    • BIDD:ER0669
    • GAA12099
    • NSC14916
    • Tox21_202108
    • Tox21_300167
    • BDBM50168002
    • Biphenyl 100 microg/mL in Methanol
    • Biphenyl, ReagentPlus(R), 99.5%
    • STL264192
    • Biphenyl 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
    • AKOS000119944
    • FB32431
    • USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 017002
    • NCGC00091836-01
    • NCGC00091836-02
    • NCGC00091836-03
    • NCGC00091836-04
    • NCGC00254175-01
    • NCGC00259657-01
    • Biphenyl, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%
    • BS-42211
    • DB-038208
    • B0224
    • B0465
    • Biphenyl, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
    • NS00010251
    • EN300-18009
    • C06588
    • G77244
    • Q410915
    • Biphenyl, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
    • F9995-1632
    • Biphenyl, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
    • 202-163-5
    • 26008-28-6

  • Applications

    Biphenyl (diphenyl, 1,1'-biphenyl), CAS 92-52-4, is a colorless aromatic solid with a characteristic odor whose versatility spans many fields: in petrochemistry it forms the high-temperature component of Dowtherm heat-transfer fluids; in post-harvest agriculture it serves as an antifungal preservative for citrus; in organic synthesis its rigid scaffold is transformed into PCBs, PBBs, azo dyes, Grignard reagents, pesticides, fragrances and surfactants; in polymer science it acts as a plasticizer, ion-exchange resin constituent, liquid-crystal precursor and monomer for heat-resistant polyimides; in metallurgy and electronics it stabilizes electroplating baths, passivates metal surfaces and is blended into transformer and mineral oils to enhance oxidative stability and dielectric strength; in laboratories it functions as an analytical standard, a model substrate for electrophilic substitution and, as the biphenyl backbone of phosphine ligands, promotes cross-coupling catalysis underpinning the selective synthesis of pharmaceuticals, optoelectronic materials and functional molecules.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 82.76
    methanol 34.59
    isopropanol 58.61
    water 0.04
    ethyl acetate 601.88
    n-propanol 84.07
    acetone 856.47
    n-butanol 74.6
    acetonitrile 277.17
    DMF 882.16
    toluene 631.75
    isobutanol 60.41
    1,4-dioxane 1063.99
    methyl acetate 508.49
    THF 1816.83
    2-butanone 646.25
    n-pentanol 60.93
    sec-butanol 62.21
    n-hexane 130.8
    ethylene glycol 12.86
    NMP 933.8
    cyclohexane 204.04
    DMSO 554.54
    n-butyl acetate 539.91
    n-octanol 79.52
    chloroform 1146.17
    n-propyl acetate 395.4
    acetic acid 117.84
    dichloromethane 1666.42
    cyclohexanone 1164.75
    propylene glycol 21.15
    isopropyl acetate 348.77
    DMAc 612.98
    2-ethoxyethanol 95.38
    isopentanol 63.65
    n-heptane 145.72
    ethyl formate 335.33
    1,2-dichloroethane 1335.42
    n-hexanol 101.46
    2-methoxyethanol 152.09
    isobutyl acetate 271.62
    tetrachloromethane 222.57
    n-pentyl acetate 240.31
    transcutol 469.96
    n-heptanol 61.57
    ethylbenzene 333.37
    MIBK 305.57
    2-propoxyethanol 141.51
    tert-butanol 81.95
    MTBE 197.24
    2-butoxyethanol 90.38
    propionic acid 133.9
    o-xylene 261.94
    formic acid 11.18
    diethyl ether 445.84
    m-xylene 274.15
    p-xylene 324.0
    chlorobenzene 586.38
    dimethyl carbonate 315.64
    n-octane 62.84
    formamide 51.55
    cyclopentanone 1781.34
    2-pentanone 574.14
    anisole 487.5
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 754.65
    gamma-butyrolactone 1521.04
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 131.17
    pyridine 1228.64
    3-pentanone 566.36
    furfural 785.79
    n-dodecane 39.26
    diethylene glycol 64.23
    diisopropyl ether 158.82
    tert-amyl alcohol 72.02
    acetylacetone 671.4
    n-hexadecane 47.74
    acetophenone 409.75
    methyl propionate 519.21
    isopentyl acetate 389.28
    trichloroethylene 1921.51
    n-nonanol 78.14
    cyclohexanol 131.25
    benzyl alcohol 147.05
    2-ethylhexanol 129.29
    isooctanol 59.92
    dipropyl ether 556.71
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 468.23
    ethyl lactate 99.34
    propylene carbonate 743.51
    n-methylformamide 222.91
    2-pentanol 64.17
    n-pentane 61.22
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 158.68
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 352.57
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 132.18
    mesitylene 175.41
    ε-caprolactone 793.17
    p-cymene 162.6
    epichlorohydrin 1470.7
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 924.03
    2-aminoethanol 26.02
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 693.98
    sulfolane 1397.8
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 27.33
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 926.39
    n-hexyl acetate 315.96
    isooctane 27.96
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 160.7
    sec-butyl acetate 258.72
    tert-butyl acetate 342.04
    decalin 113.38
    glycerin 29.67
    diglyme 524.58
    acrylic acid 121.39
    isopropyl myristate 173.91
    n-butyric acid 226.8
    acetyl acetate 389.29
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 93.01
    ethyl propionate 422.75
    nitromethane 432.23
    1,2-diethoxyethane 465.42
    benzonitrile 305.41
    trioctyl phosphate 72.8
    1-bromopropane 637.58
    gamma-valerolactone 1163.14
    n-decanol 64.3
    triethyl phosphate 165.22
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 49.17
    propionitrile 271.28
    vinylene carbonate 580.07
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 368.26
    DMS 356.2
    cumene 177.85
    2-octanol 54.34
    2-hexanone 411.43
    octyl acetate 177.46
    limonene 240.1
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 536.58
    ethyl orthosilicate 148.8
    tributyl phosphate 101.22
    diacetone alcohol 215.16
    N,N-dimethylaniline 299.69
    acrylonitrile 338.54
    aniline 267.57
    1,3-propanediol 45.52
    bromobenzene 774.05
    dibromomethane 1070.17
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 1252.82
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 270.82
    tetrabutyl urea 166.31
    diisobutyl methanol 107.5
    2-phenylethanol 156.84
    styrene 445.15
    dioctyl adipate 216.3
    dimethyl sulfate 421.55
    ethyl butyrate 520.83
    methyl lactate 123.28
    butyl lactate 105.23
    diethyl carbonate 316.45
    propanediol butyl ether 63.59
    triethyl orthoformate 256.77
    p-tert-butyltoluene 148.0
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 240.19
    morpholine 768.86
    tert-butylamine 62.45
    n-dodecanol 59.0
    dimethoxymethane 580.64
    ethylene carbonate 532.51
    cyrene 173.15
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 287.84
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 364.73
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 495.13
    4-methylpyridine 887.5
    dibutyl ether 370.78
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 107.5
    DEF 620.21
    dimethyl isosorbide 408.94
    tetrachloroethylene 766.33
    eugenol 156.23
    triacetin 265.46
    span 80 116.09
    1,4-butanediol 19.83
    1,1-dichloroethane 876.58
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 61.09
    methyl formate 263.26
    2-methyl-1-butanol 61.03
    n-decane 69.42
    butyronitrile 264.44
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 88.83
    1-chlorooctane 211.85
    1-chlorotetradecane 84.35
    n-nonane 75.9
    undecane 50.16
    tert-butylcyclohexane 84.23
    cyclooctane 103.45
    cyclopentanol 197.28
    tetrahydropyran 999.12
    tert-amyl methyl ether 173.97
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 306.25
    1-hexene 293.18
    2-isopropoxyethanol 81.4
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 50.61
    methyl butyrate 544.98

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Artemisia monosperma Artemisia monosperma Del., fam. Asteraceae (Compositae) 4.0%